• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 2015

To clarify the effects of forest fire on the carbon budget of a forest ecosystem, this study compared the seasonal variation of soil respiration, net primary production and net ecosystem production (NEP) over the year in unburned and burned Pinus densiflora forest areas. The annual net carbon storage (i.e., NPP) was $5.75t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in the unburned site and $2.14t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in the burned site in 2012. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (i.e., $Q_{10}$ value) was higher in the unburned site than in the burned site. The annual soil respiration rate was estimated by the exponential regression equation with the soil temperatures continuously measured at the soil depth of 10 cm. The estimated annual soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration (HR) rates were 8.66 and $4.50t\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in the unburned site and 4.08 and $2.12t\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in the burned site, respectively. The estimated annual NEP in the unburned and burned forest areas was found to be 1.25 and $0.02t\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Our results indicate that the differences of carbon budget and cycling between both study sites are considerably correlated with the losses of living plant biomass, insufficient nutrients and low organic materials in the forest soil due to severe damages caused by the forest fire. The burned Pinus densiflora forest area requires at least 50 years to attain the natural conditions of the forest ecosystem prior to the forest fire.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.17 no.2 s.52
• /
• pp.299-307
• /
• 2007

We collected data of hydraulic fracturing tests and overcoring tests conducted in 84 boreholes in the south-east Korea in order to analyze the contemporary state of stress in this region. The average direction of the maximum horizontal stress was determined to be $N66^{\circ}{\pm}31^{\circ}E$. The relative magnitudes of the three principal stresses was ${\sigma}_v$ (vertical stress) < ${\sigma}_h$ (minimum horizontal stress) < ${\sigma}_H$ (maximum horizontal stress), indicating thrust fault stress regime. The stress ratio K (horizontal stress/vertical stress) was relatively high (2.2

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.1810-1819
• /
• 2013

This study is a nonequivalent-comparison-group-quasiexperimental-study which tries to establish the effect of a laughter therapy program on the blood pressure, depression, and the life quality of elderly women in rural area. The subjects are 49 females aged 65 living in S-myeon, 24 and the other 25 of whom are put into an experimental group and a comparison group, respectively. The laughter therapy was performed to the experimental group for 60 minutes a time, twice a week for 13 weeks, from January 5 to April 5 in 2011. To find out the intervention effect, the program was analyzed by a t-test. The result showed that the therapy lowers the systolic blood pressure, relieves depression, and enhances the life quality of them. Therefore, it is expected that the therapy, a useful program contributing to the health improvement of elderly women, can be made use of nursing intervention in clinical trials or communities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.306-315
• /
• 2005

The distribution and composition of marine floating debris were recorded from a training ship 'Kyeongyang' of Gangwon Provincial University at May 19-29, 2004 and Aug.24-31, 2004. The sampled area is the middle part of East Sea of Korea(the coast of Gangwondo and region of Ulleung island and Tokdo), divided into 27 unit segments on survey areas. Debris fabrication materials were categorized with 6 items using the following; styrofoam, paper & cardboard, net & rope, vinyl & plastic, floating metal & glass, man-made or natural wood. From the investigation on May,2004, total numbers of marine floating debris in the middle part of the East Sea of Korea was 996 individuals. The No. 1 and No. 2 unit segment located at south-west region of Ulleung Island showed higher density than others. The styrofoam and vinyl & plastic accounted for 72.8% of all debris fabrication materials. From the investigation on August, 2004, total numbers of marine floating debris in the coast of the Gangwondo of Korea was 2,473 individuals. The No. 13 and No. 14 unit segment located at the vicinity of Samcheok showed higher density than others. The styrofoam and vinyl & plastic amounted to 76.1%. In the coast of the Gangwondo, the vinyl & plastic showed the highest density of 6 items were 41.3% and 68.0% on May and August, respectively. The total numbers of marine floating debris on May and August were 3,399 individuals. Vinyl & plastic accounted for 59.4%(2,019 ind.) among all debris, next styrofoam 15.8%(537 ind.) and wood 11.2%(379 ind.).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.235-239
• /
• 2005

An accurate fire danger rating model can contribute to effective forest fire prevention activities. This study evaluates the national forest fire danger rating index based on forest fire statistics data from 1999 to 2002. The number of fires was related to the forest fire danger rating index $(R^2=0.67)$, and no correlation was found with burned areas. A one-way ANOVA test between forest fire danger rating levels and forest fire statistics data indicated that a difference in the number of fires was found among 'danger', 'precaution' and 'none' levels, but 'precaution' and 'none' levels could not be delineated. In the case of a burned area, no difference was found among the three levels.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.323-331
• /
• 2007

Barren ground is an abnormal phenomenon in coastal ecosystems where seaweeds are destroyed and largely replaced by coralline algae containing calcium carbonate components. To restore the seaweed forest, we attempted reconstruction in an area of Samcheok, Korea, where barrenness is extensive. We developed two methods of seaforest construction underwater longline and seed transplantation for the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica, a fast-growing edible seaweed. The blade length of L. japonica attached to an underwater long line was $93.9{\pm}38.2cm$ and blade weight $7.6{\pm}2.1g$ in February 2004. Seaweed size declined after August 2004. A Similar pattern was observed using the transplantation method with maxima of $179.3{\pm}40.3cm\;and\;14.9{\pm}3.2g$ for blade length and weight, respectively in July 2004. The transplanted seaweeds matured in October as did a wild population. These results indicate that transplanted seaweed acclimate to new environments.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of fire intensity and recovery methods on coleopteran communities in three burned forests, Goseong, Gangneung, and Samcheok in Gangwon province, Korea. Four sampling sites were selected in each study area according to disturbance degree (DD) caused by fire intensity and recovery methods. DD in the study sites were categorized as 0 (no fire), 1 (weak fire), 2 (strong fire), and 3 (strong fire followed by human disturbance). Beetles collected by pitfall traps were classified into 3 functional guilds: detritivore, herbivore, and carnivore. Diversity and abundance were slightly higher in the burned sites (DD = 1-3) than in the unburned sites (DD = 0), although there was no statistical significance. Coleopteran communities differed according to fire intensity and recovery method. This suggests that recovery of burned forests using both natural recovery and reforestation may increase the diversity of coleopteran communities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2013

This dissertation is based on the evaluation of service by the home help service users and suggested managing strategy through analyzing importance and performance. The subject is a person receiving the service from the three home long term institutions in S city, Gangwon province, and SPSS 12.0 is used to analyze data to conduct analysis of basic statistic, confidence level, and factors. The result came out that home help service's importance showed 4.55 out of 5, performance 4.26 out of 5. The most improvement needed factor was 'providing quick service' and 'offer service at ease'. Also it seemed that the four categories in tangibles and four categories in reliability and assurance, one category in responsiveness and empathy needs to be improved. The three in reliability and assurance and five properties in responsiveness and empathy need to remain its strength. In conclusion, in order to better the home help service first the progress result in focus improvement area needs to be achieved.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2005

To elucidate the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation and exercise on serum lipids in normolipidemic and mildly hyperlipidemic postmenopausal period, 54 women residing in Seoul area were recruited. The subjects were divided into 4 groups: control group (n=13), isoflavone group (n=14), exercise group (n=14), isoflavone + exercise group (n=13). The control group was given placebo capsules, isoflavone group was given soy isoflavone supplements (90 mg/day), exercise group was given placebo capsules and exercised 3 times/week, over 30 min/time, and isoflavone + exercise group took soy isoflavone supplement and exercised. The duration of study were 8 weeks. The average age of the subjects was 57.0 years, 56.0 years, 54.4 years, and 55.2 years, respectively. There were no significant differences among the four groups in terms of height, weight, and body mass index. There were no significant differences among the four groups in terms of serum, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol. But the subjects indicated a significant difference in serum LDL-cholesterol (110.5 mg/day in before versus 74.6 mg/day in after) in the isoflavone + exercise group at the levels of p<0.05. In conclusion, the isoflavone supplementation and exercise may be helpful to decrease serum lipids of normolipidemic and mildly hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to monitor the vegetation recovery in the areas damaged by the forest fires on the east coast that occurred in April 2000. The study site was a forest fire-damaged area in Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, and 21 monitoring areas (12 natural restoration sites, 9 artificial restoration sites) were selected to analyze the vegetation recovery trend since 1998. The vegetation recovery trend was compared by calculating the values according to the year using the difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based on satellite images (Landsat TM/ETM+ and Sentinel-2A). As the result of this study, all 21 sites, vegetation was recovered, and both groups showed the greatest recovery in summer. In the case of the dNBR, the artificial restored sites showed higher values than the natural restored sites, and in the case of the NDVI, the natural restored sites were higher than the artificially restored sites in summer and autumn. However, the difference between the two groups of natural and artificial restoration sites was not significant. Therefore, the direction of forest restoration after forest fire damage can be effectively restored if properly implemented for the purpose of restoration of the target site.