• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.853-855
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed the store monitoring system using smart hanger. This system consists of smart hanger, server, and wireless communication module. The smart hanger consists of LCD, MCU, RF module. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed smart hanger, we performed the experiment. This smart hanger can be used for shopping mall to increase sales.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is to analyze the changes of consumption patterns to diagnose the economic impacts on consumers' market during COVID-19, and to suggest implications to overcome the new social and economic crisis of Jeju Island. Research design, data, and methodology: We collected a set of credit card transaction records issued by BC Card Company from merchants in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province for past 4 years from 2017 to 2020 from the Jeju Data Hub run by Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The big data contains details of approved credit card transactions including the approval numbers, amount, locations and types of merchants, time and age of users, etc. The researchers summed up amount in monthly basis, transforming big data to small data to analyze the changes of consumption before and after COVID-19. Results: Sales fell sharply in transportation industries including airlines, and overall consumption by age group decreased while the decrease in consumption among the seniors was relatively small. The sales of Yeon-dong and Yongdam-dong in Jeju City also fell significantly compared to other regions. As a result of the paired t-test of all 73 samples in Jeju City, the p-value of the mean consumption of the credit card in 2019 and 2020 is significant, statistically proven that the total consumption amount in the two years is different. Conclusions: We found there are sensitive spots that can be strategically approached based on the changes in consumption patterns by industry, region, and age although most of companies and small businesses have been hit by COVID-19. It is necessary for local companies and for the government to be focusing their support on upgrading services, in order to prevent declining sales and job instability for their employees, creating strategies to retain jobs and prevent customer churn in the face of the crisis. As Jeju Province is highly dependent on the tertiary industry, including tourism, it is suggested to create various strategies to overcome the crisis of the pandemic by constantly monitoring the sales trends of local companies.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.169-178
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• 2018

The ice machine is the machine for making ice. As most of the companies that manufactures and sells the ice machine are small and medium-sized companies, they have been they have been experiencing the trouble for the after-sales service after selling the machine. The difficulties of the after-sales service are mostly caused by unnecessary customer service requests of the purchaser, which eventually leads to the unnecessary expenditure of the seller and the purchaser. However, financially, the poor ice machine manufacturers want to reduce this cost as much as possible. Furthermore, even if they want to sell their products overseas, they are hesitating because of the after-sales service. For this reason, the companies making the ice machine need a system which checks the status of the ice machine and takes the proper actions without the visiting service. Therefore, this paper introduces the remote control and operational status monitoring systems which can monitor the status of the ice machine in the remote area and control it as needed. Through the developed system, the company manufacturing the ice machine and the manager of the ice machine can understand the current status of the ice machine and respond against the ice machine's trouble, immediately. In addition, it can be expected to have great effects on cost reduction because the maintenance and management after selling can be efficiently performed.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 1999

Using user monitoring techniques on web, marketing decision makers in cyber shopping malls can gather customer behavior data as well as sales transaction data and customer profiles. In this paper, we present a marketing rule extraction technique for customer behavior analysis in cyber shopping malls, The technique is an application of market basket analysis which is a representative data mining technique for extracting association rules. The market basket analysis technique is applied on a customer behavior log table, which provide association rules about web pages in a cyber shopping mall. The extracted association rules can be used for mall layout design, product packaging, web page link design, and product recommendation. A prototype cyber shopping mall with customer monitoring features and a customer behavior analysis algorithm is implemented using Java Web Server, Servlet, JDBC(Java Database Connectivity), and relational database on windows NT.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-63
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• 2012

In franchise business, exclusive sales territory (sometimes EST in table) protection is a very important issue from an economic, social and political point of view. It affects the growth and survival of both franchisor and franchisee and often raises issues of social and political conflicts. When franchisee is not familiar with related laws and regulations, franchisor has high chance to utilize it. Exclusive sales territory protection by the manufacturer and distributors (wholesalers or retailers) means sales area restriction by which only certain distributors have right to sell products or services. The distributor, who has been granted exclusive sales territories, can protect its own territory, whereas he may be prohibited from entering in other regions. Even though exclusive sales territory is a quite critical problem in franchise business, there is not much rigorous research about the reason, results, evaluation, and future direction based on empirical data. This paper tries to address this problem not only from logical and nomological validity, but from empirical validation. While we purse an empirical analysis, we take into account the difficulties of real data collection and statistical analysis techniques. We use a set of disclosure document data collected by Korea Fair Trade Commission, instead of conventional survey method which is usually criticized for its measurement error. Existing theories about exclusive sales territory can be summarized into two groups as shown in the table below. The first one is about the effectiveness of exclusive sales territory from both franchisor and franchisee point of view. In fact, output of exclusive sales territory can be positive for franchisors but negative for franchisees. Also, it can be positive in terms of sales but negative in terms of profit. Therefore, variables and viewpoints should be set properly. The other one is about the motive or reason why exclusive sales territory is protected. The reasons can be classified into four groups - industry characteristics, franchise systems characteristics, capability to maintain exclusive sales territory, and strategic decision. Within four groups of reasons, there are more specific variables and theories as below. Based on these theories, we develop nine hypotheses which are briefly shown in the last table below with the results. In order to validate the hypothesis, data is collected from government (FTC) homepage which is open source. The sample consists of 1,896 franchisors and it contains about three year operation data, from 2006 to 2008. Within the samples, 627 have exclusive sales territory protection policy and the one with exclusive sales territory policy is not evenly distributed over 19 representative industries. Additional data are also collected from another government agency homepage, like Statistics Korea. Also, we combine data from various secondary sources to create meaningful variables as shown in the table below. All variables are dichotomized by mean or median split if they are not inherently dichotomized by its definition, since each hypothesis is composed by multiple variables and there is no solid statistical technique to incorporate all these conditions to test the hypotheses. This paper uses a simple chi-square test because hypotheses and theories are built upon quite specific conditions such as industry type, economic condition, company history and various strategic purposes. It is almost impossible to find all those samples to satisfy them and it can't be manipulated in experimental settings. However, more advanced statistical techniques are very good on clean data without exogenous variables, but not good with real complex data. The chi-square test is applied in a way that samples are grouped into four with two criteria, whether they use exclusive sales territory protection or not, and whether they satisfy conditions of each hypothesis. So the proportion of sample franchisors which satisfy conditions and protect exclusive sales territory, does significantly exceed the proportion of samples that satisfy condition and do not protect. In fact, chi-square test is equivalent with the Poisson regression which allows more flexible application. As results, only three hypotheses are accepted. When attitude toward the risk is high so loyalty fee is determined according to sales performance, EST protection makes poor results as expected. And when franchisor protects EST in order to recruit franchisee easily, EST protection makes better results. Also, when EST protection is to improve the efficiency of franchise system as a whole, it shows better performances. High efficiency is achieved as EST prohibits the free riding of franchisee who exploits other's marketing efforts, and it encourages proper investments and distributes franchisee into multiple regions evenly. Other hypotheses are not supported in the results of significance testing. Exclusive sales territory should be protected from proper motives and administered for mutual benefits. Legal restrictions driven by the government agency like FTC could be misused and cause mis-understandings. So there need more careful monitoring on real practices and more rigorous studies by both academicians and practitioners.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.6 s.84
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• pp.708-711
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• 2004

Swedish research in 2002 indicated that acrylamide formation was particularly associated with traditional high temperature cooking processes of certain carbohydrate-rich foods. Since the Swedish report, similar findings have been reported by researchers in numerous other countries. In 2003, three hundred and twenty seven domestic food products, selected on the basis of annual sales in Korea, were analyzed. The results were similar to those from other countries. In this study, the monitoring of acrylamide was expanded to include Korean traditional food products. Samples were purchased from local markets, prepared and then analyzed using LC/MS/MS methods. The categorized food products analyzed included cooked rices and porridges, soup products, fried products, boiled down products, seasoned products, roasted products and coffee. The acrylamide concentrations of the samples were $ND\~18ppb$ in cooked rices and porridges, $ND\~28ppb$ in soup products, $ND\~22ppb$ in fried products, $ND\~218ppb$ in boiled down products, <10ppb in seasoned and roasted products, and <10\~11ppb in brewed coffee and coffee drinks.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.257-270
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the business environment, business conditions, and detailed indicators related to management of Korea's port industry companies as global supply chains have been reorganized since the shock of COVID-19 in 2020 and uncertainties in the global economy have expanded. Design/methodology/approach - This study use the business survey index of the port industry to analyze. It is a weighted BSI with the weight of workers applied. Findings - Since 2020 the BSI in the port industry including business conditions, sales unit price, profitability, and financial conditions fluctuated, but it has been generally above normal level(100). During the analysis period, the BSI for export sales was found to be better than that of domestic sales. Employment BSI was generally stable, and in the case of facility BSI, the port industry was shown to be very active in facility investment. Research implications or Originality - First, it is necessary to make manpower training systems to cultivate experts in the port industry to cope with uncertainties caused by the rapidly changing global economy and the global supply chain environment. Second, it is necessary to support for investment in technology and facilities for automation and smartization. Finally, it is necessary to establish a continuous monitoring system for the business conditions.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2899-2902
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• 2003

Mobile communication is one of the fastest growing industries in the world and especially in Korea, where we have well over 30 million voice subscribers. Mobile communication now offers variety of data communication services such as wireless internet, multimedia messages, and color graphic displays. Handsets also have grown to accommodate such services, thus with functionalities such as programmable virtual machines that users can download and execute their own programs. In this paper, we have demonstrated a PCS handset monitoring system which can monitor biometry signals - in this case ECG over wireless internet and wireless data network (IS95C) based on programmable virtual machine architecture. The remote client handset receives data signals from a centralized server and processes and displays them in human friendly form in real time. Since every single handset on sales in Korea has programmable virtual machine and more than 10 million handsets are in distribution already, proper applications may have substantial impact on the related fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study intend to make easy modification, even if there is a new job or structure change, by modularizing program and computerize and automation of production control management used in CIM. under the condition where manager control production on the job-site, for increasing connection with other operation and management on the computer by monitoring center computer, recognizing information by computer is needed, it is possible by converting transaction. So this study goal is to make delivery control and order control fast and accurate by finding dynamic history of machine and production information in enterprise without input production and quality information by themselves with quality information system. So production increase and quality improvement are possible by diminishing manager's and producer's work with the result of the study combining POP and CIM, after that, in e-business and m-business period that every enterprise must pass, customer satisfaction and sales promotion are possible with employee's computerizing minds. these study result also can knowledge process condition with theoretical class and have a power in finding a solution with foundation of theoretical knowledge.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1098-1105
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• 2001

There is little information on smallholder dairy farming in Zimbabwe. With such inadequate knowledge, no meaningful decisions on how to improve these systems can be made. A study was, therefore, carried out in Nharira communal area and Lancashire small-scale commercial area to provide information on the viability of dairy farms. This paper is based on data obtained through participatory monitoring of 13 smallholder dairy farms in 1996 and 1997. All the four farms in Lancashire were found to be viable in both years. In Nharira, two out of the nine farms in 1996 and three farms in 1997 failed to break even. There were considerable inter-farm differences in the contribution of milk sales towards total income from dairy farming, ranging from 41% to 99% in Nharira and 71% to 81% in Lancashire in 1996. Corresponding estimates in 1997 were 51-95% and 72-78%, respectively. Expenses on cattle feeds contributed 36-84% in 1996 and 37-80% in 1997 towards total variable costs in Nharira. In Lancashire, the respective estimates were 15-33% and 22-36%. Seven out of the nine studied farms in Nharira and three out of four in Lancashire realized higher gross margin (GM) in 1997 than in 1996. All these farming households had conserved considerable amounts of farm-grown feeds. It was concluded that feed costs, number of cows and sizes of land holdings were the main factors determining viability of smallholder dairy farming. The major challenge to smallholder dairy farming in Nharira, in particular, was to develop low-cost feeding strategies.