• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2007

Objective : The current literature implies that the use of short-segment pedicle screw fixation for spinal fractures is dangerous and inappropriate because of its high failure rate, but favorable results have been reported. The purpose of this study is to report the short term results of thoracolumbar burst and compression fractures treated with short-segment pedicle instrumentation. Methods : A retrospective review of all surgically managed thoracolumbar fractures during six years were performed. The 19 surgically managed patients were instrumented by the short-segment technique. Patients' charts, operation notes, preoperative and postoperative radiographs (sagittal index, sagittal plane kyphosis, anterior body compression, vertebral kyphosis, regional kyphosis), computed tomography scans, neurological findings (Frankel functional classification), and follow-up records up to 12-month follow-up were reviewed. Results : No patients showed an increase in neurological deficit. A statistically significant difference existed between the patients preoperative, postoperative and follow-up sagittal index, sagittal plane kyphosis, anterior body compression, vertebral kyphosis and regional kyphosis. One screw pullout resulted in kyphotic angulation, one screw was misplaced and one patient suffered angulation of the proximal segment on follow-up, but these findings were not related to the radiographic findings. Significant bending of screws or hardware breakage were not encountered. Conclusion : Although long term follow-up evaluation needs to verified, the short term follow-up results suggest a favorable outcome for short-segment instrumentation. When applied to patients with isolated spinal fractures who were cooperative with 3-4 months of spinal bracing, short-segment pedicle screw fixation using the posterior approach seems to provide satisfactory result.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2019

Purpose: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used for 3-dimensional assessments of cranio-maxillo-facial relationships, especially in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. We have introduced, for reference in CBCT cephalometry, an anatomical mid-sagittal plane (MSP) identified by the nasion, the midpoint between the posterior clinoid processes of the sella turcica, and the basion. The MSP is an updated version of the median plane previously used at our institution for 2D posterior-anterior cephalometry. This study was conducted to test the accuracy of the CBCT measures compared to those obtained using standard posterior-anterior cephalometry. Materials and Methods: Two operators measured the inter-zygomatic distance on 15 CBCT scans using the MSP as a reference plane, and the CBCT measurements were compared with measurements made on patients' posterior-anterior cephalograms. The statistical analysis evaluated the absolute and percentage differences between the 3D and 2D measurements. Results: As demonstrated by the absolute mean difference (roughly 1 mm) and the percentage difference (less than 3%), the MSP showed good accuracy on CBCT compared to the 2D plane, especially for measurements of the left side. However, the CBCT measurements showed a high standard deviation, indicating major variability and low precision. Conclusion: The anatomical MSP can be used as a reliable reference plane for transverse measurements in 3D cephalometry in cases of symmetrical or asymmetrical malocclusion. In patients who suffer from distortions of the skull base, the identification of landmarks might be difficult and the MSP could be unreliable. Becoming familiar with the relevant software could reduce errors and improve reliability.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2000

Objective : Lumbar spinal instability occurs when normal biomechanics support in lumbar vertebrae interrupted. Despite the recent enthusiastic studies, the precise radiological assessment has not been fully established, yet. Therefore, we carefully studied our cases to analyze the radiologic findings in lumbar spinal instability. Patients and Methods : We have put together radiological analysis and assessment based on 38 patients who have been diagnosed and treated for lumbar spinal instabilities from June 1994 to December 1998, Patients who have been diagnosed and treated for trauma were excluded from study. Results : The outcomes are as follows : 1) Lumbar lordotic curve was statistically significant in unstable group by 23.7, compared to the control group ($17.0^{\circ}$). 2) According to the resting x-ray, sagittal plane angulation measured on unstable group was $21.1^{\circ}$, control group $18.0^{\circ}$. Therefore unstable group was noticeably higher(p<0.01). 3) According to the resting x-ray sagittal plane displacement, unstable group had 4.3mm, the comparison had 1.2mm. Therefore measurement from the unstable group were significantly higher(p<0.01). 4) According to stress view, sagittal plane translation was 4.1mm for the unstables and 2.7mm for the comparisons. Therefore unstables were noticeably higher(p<0.01). 5) According to stress view, sagittal plane rotation was $15.1^{\circ}$ at L3-4, $22.0^{\circ}$ at L4-5, $27.9^{\circ}$ at L5S1 for the unstable group and $11.3^{\circ}$, $18.1^{\circ}$, $21.0^{\circ}$ each for the comparison. 6) Facet angle for unstable group, left $29.3^{\circ}-61.5^{\circ}$, right $24.4^{\circ}-63.2^{\circ}$ and the mean for each are $43.1^{\circ}$, $47.2^{\circ}$. The difference between left and right facet angle was $3.5^{\circ}-20.7^{\circ}$ and the mean value $15.3^{\circ}$. Facet angle for the comparisons for the left was $29.3^{\circ}-59.5^{\circ}$, right was in between $25.7^{\circ}-64.5^{\circ}$ range and the each mean are $44.9^{\circ}$ and $47.6^{\circ}$. Also, the difference between left and right facet angle was $4.1^{\circ}-9.3^{\circ}$ and the average was $17.1^{\circ}$. The average and the difference between the left and right angle are found not to have statistic necessity for both unstable and stable measurements(p>0.01). 7) 19 patients were found to have vacuum facet phenomenon among unstable group etc. results were collected. Conclusion : According to above results, we attempted to prepare the application to the patient of radiological analysis and assessment for lumbar spinal instability early checkup.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.500-507
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• 2018

Background: The sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis is not only closely related to the overall posture of the body but also to the evaluation and treatment of spine disease. In the last few years, the EOS imaging system, a new low-dose radiation X-ray device, became available for sagittal alignment assessment. However, there has been little research on the reliability of EOS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of EOS for the sagittal alignment assessment of the spine and pelvis. Methods: Records of 46 patients were selected from the EOS recording system between November 2016 and April 2017. The exclusion criteria were congenital spinal anomaly and deformity, and previous history of spine and pelvis operation. Sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis were measured by three examiners three times each using both manual and EOS methods. Means comparison t-test, Pearson bivariate correlation analysis, and reliability analysis by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intrarater and interrater reliability were performed using R package "irr." Results: We found excellent intrarater and interrater reliability of EOS measurements. For intrarater reliability, the ICC ranged from 0.898 to 0.982. For interrater reliability, the ICC ranged from 0.794 to 0.837. We used a paired t-test to compare the values measured by manual and EOS methods: there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. Correlation analysis also showed a statistically significant positive correlation. Conclusions: EOS showed excellent reliability for assessment of the sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Purpose : This survey was to investigate on the effect of each region changed in trunk through sagittal plane after Trunk Flexion-Extension Exercise. Methods : 18 students of Gimcheon College participated in this study for the period of July 9-30, 2007. Analyzed factor were 1) degree of pain 2) presence of Gillet test and 3) difference of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk applying I.B.S.-2000 after Trunk Flexion - Extension Exercise. We used the SPSS $PC^+$ program for classifying into analysis of frequency, $x^2$-test, t-test and Simple Linear Regression analysis test. Results: Followings are concluded For degree of pain, 13(72.2%) of students answered "No pain" after Trunk Flexion-Extension Exercise and in the result 4 more students decreased the pain. In the Gillet test, 14(77.8%) of students answered "positive" after Trunk Flexion-Extension Exercise and in the result 4 more students increased mobility of Sacroiliac joint. In the differences of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk by B.M.I. scale, Slim type was decreased both Acromion(0.45mm), both Iliac crest(0.44mm), and both ASIS(0.31mm) to anterior plane, Normal type was decreased both inferior angle of Scapular(0.02mm), both L4-5(0.07mm), and both PSIS(0.09mm) to posterior plane Fatness type was decrease both Acromion(0.05mm), both ASIS(0.05mm) to anterior plane. In the differences of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk for degree of pain No pain group was decreased both Acromion(0.17mm), both Nipple(0.25mm) to anterior plane and both PSIS(0.13mm) to posterior plane Pain group was decreased both Acromion(0.04mm), both Iliac creast(0.03mm) to anterior plane and both inferior angle of Scapular(0.18mm) both PSIS(0.13mm) to posterior plane. In the difference of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk for each of the exercises, Both iliac crest(0.1mm), both ASIS(0.12mm) to anterior plane were decreased after Flexion Trunk Exercise. Both acromion(0.27mm) to anterior plane, both inferior angle of scapular(0.14mm) and both PSIS(0.12mm) to posterior plane were decreased after Extension Trunk Exercise. Each of the exercises, The both inferior angle of Scapular showed high scores($0.65{\pm}0.23$) at Trunk Extension Exercise group and there was statistical significance between Trunk Flexion Exercise group and Extension exercise group(t :-2.502, p < 0.05). 7. At Pre-exercise group, Both inferior angle of Scapular showed low scores($0.23{\pm}8.27$) at Trunk Extension Exercise group and there was statistical significance between Pre- Exercise group and Trunk Extension Exercise group(t :-2.5430, p<0.05). Conclusion : The simple linear regression analysis was presented at Acromion(-0.243), L4-5(-0.753), PSIS(0.576) and there was statistical significance in BMI scale(p<0.01).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.420-430
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• 2008

Statement of problem & Purpose: Articulators are very important for education and overall clinical situation in the field of prosthodontics, however preexisting articulators are designed and built based on maxillofacial structures and mean values of mandibular movement of Western people. Purpose of this research is to find out a adequate basis for applicating these articulators, presently used for clinical education, for Korean. Material and methods: 59 Korean adults (41 males, 18 females), aged between 24 to 41, where selected for this study. Two pairs of both maxillary and mandibular models were made for each examinee. These models where attached to both KaVo PROTARevo 7 and Hanau Modular semiadjustable articulators by using facebow transfer, than sagittal condylar inclination, occlusal plane inclination and position of mandibular on the articulator where measured. Result and conclusion: 1. Mean sagittal condylar inclination for KaVo PROTAR semiadjustable articulator was $33.75^{\circ}$(standard deviation $12.46^{\circ}$) meanwhile Hanau Modular semiadjustable articulator showed $40.72^{\circ}$(standard deviation $12.09^{\circ}$) for mean sagittal condylar inclination. 2. Mean occlusal plane inclination for KaVo PROTAR semiadjustable articulator was $-2.76{\circ}$(standard deviation $3.63^{\circ}$) meanwhile Hanau Modular semiadjustable articulator showed $11.87^{\circ}$ (standard deviation $3.63^{\circ}$) for mean occlusal plane inclination. 3. On the average center of the mandibular dentition were in the range of 5 to 7 mm of the central position of the articulator. Both anterior and posterior dentition were positioned at the center of the articulator vernacularly for KaVo PROTAR semiadjustable articulators, meantime for Hanau Modular semiadjustable articulator, anterior dentition was positioned 5 mm downwards and 3mm upwards for posterior dentition from vertically central position of the articulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.725-726
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• 2013

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.345-352
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Spine-Pelvis Monitor(SPM) that was developed to measure 3-dimensional motion of spine and pelvis using tilt sensor and gyro sensor. Background: The main cause of low back pain is very much associated with the task using the low back and pelvis, but no measurement technique can quantify the both spine and pelvis. Method: For testing the SPM, 125 angles from three anatomical planes were measured three times in order to evaluate the accuracy and reliability. The accuracy of SPM in measuring dynamic motion was evaluated using digital motion analysis system. The motion pattern captured by two measuring methods was compared with each other. In result, the percentage error and Cronbach coefficient alpha were calculated to evaluate the accuracy and reliability. Results: The percentage error was 0.35% in flexion-extension on sagittal plane, 0.43% in lateral bending on coronal plane, and 0.40% in twisting on transverse plane. The Cronbach coefficient alpha was 1.00, 0.99 and 0.99 in sagittal, coronal and transvers plane, respectively. Conclusion: The SPM showed less than 1% error for static measurement, and showed reasonably similar pattern with the digital motion system. Application: The results of this study showed that the SPM can be the measuring method of spine pelvis motion that enhances the kinematic analysis of low back dynamics.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.133-151
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• 1988

The objectives of this study were to compare the position of centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges, bilateral manipulation, chin-point guidance with Lucia jig and self-guided method and the reproducibility, respectively. A Veri-check (Denar Co., Anaheim, California) was employed for examining, and the displacement of position and reproducibility were verified. The following results were obtained. 1. On the sagittal plane, the centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges showed greater posterior displacement than that by means of bilateral manipulation and less than that by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig, and self-guided centric relation showed least posterior displacement. The centric relation guided by means of bilateral manipulation showed greater superior displacement than that by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig and less than that by means of leaf gauges and self-guided centric relation showed least superior displacement. 2. On the horizontal plane, the centric relation guided by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig showed greater posterior displacement than that of bilateral manipulation and less than that leaf gauges, however the self-guided centric relation showed slightly anterior displacement. 3. The anteroposterior displacement measured on sagittal plane and horizontal plane were highly correlated. (p<0.05). 4. The reproducibility of centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges, bilateral manipulation and chin-point guidance with Lucia jig were similar and more reproducible than self-guided centric relation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 1991

The authors examined the patterns and various ranges of mandibular movements in TMJ lock closed patients in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal plane pre-end post-treatment. And the author obtained the following results. 1. In the frontal plane, the patterns and ranges of mandibular movement of the patients were very irregular and small before treatment. But after the treatment, the patterns were similar to the typical shield shape of the normal subjects. And the velocity of opening and closing was improved after the treatment. 2. In the sagittal plane, the mean amount of maximum mouth opening was 27.0±4.0mm before treatment and 44.0±5.4mm after treatment. And there was statistically significant improvement(p<0.005). The patterns of the movement were very irregular and small before treatment, but were similar to the shape of "Posselt's envelope of motion" after the treatment. The velocity of opening and closing was improved after the treatment 3. In the horizontal plane, the mean amount of maximum laterotrusion was 8l2±2.5mm in the affected side and 6.7±2.2mm in the non-affected side before treatment. There was a significant difference between the sides(p<0.05). After the treatment, the mean was 10.4±2.6mm in the affected side and 8.9±2.3mm in the non-affected side and there was no significant difference between the sides(p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean amount of maximum protrusion between the before and aftertreatment(p>0.05), but the patterns of the movements were improved.