• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2010

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a herb primarily distributed throughout in the world. We have used the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of C. tinctorius. Of all germplasms, 88.7% were polymorphic among all germplasms. Mean genetic diversity within germplasms was very low (0.048). The Turkey germplasm had the highest expected diversity (0.082) and Australia germplasm was the lowest (0.020). These values indicate that most of the genetic diversity of safflower is found among germplasms and there is a high among-germplasm differentiation. We found eight phenetic bands for determining the specific marker of germplasm with SCAR markers. The regions of the Mediterranean Sea and India may be the most probable candidates for the origin of safflower. The tree showed four major clades: (1) European germplasms, (2) Azerbaijan, Egypt, and Ethiopia, (3) Australia, and (4) America.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.363-366
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• 1998

홍화로부터 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 황색소(safflower yellow)를 추출할 때의 최적 조건을 조사하였다. 여러 온도$(40,\;50,\;60,\;70,\;80^{\circ}C)$와 압력(2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 psig) 조건에서 추출을 하였으며 수율을 증가시키기 위해 물을 보조용매(0, 3, 6, 10, 14 wt%)로 하여 실험을 수행하였으며 색소분석은 spectrophotometer를 이용하였다. 황색소의 추출 수율은 $60^{\circ}C$, 4000 psig에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 보조용매로 물을 사용하였을 때는 10 wt%일 때 황색소의 추출이 가장 잘 되었고 그 이상에서는 오히려 추출량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 시료의 수분함량은 초임계 유체 추출 시 수율과 밀접한 관련이 있는데 홍화의 황색소 추출 시에도 시료의 수분함량이 낮을수록 수율이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 초임계 유체를 이용하여 최적 조건에서 추출한 경우 황색소의 수율은 용매로 추출한 경우에 비해 6% 정도 증가하였다. 상기의 결과로 초임계 이산화탄소 추출법은 홍화로부터 황색소의 추출에 적합하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the effect of seed weight on different aspect of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed germination and growth characteristics. Quantity of sinapine leaked from seed was greater as the viability of seeds was dropped by the time elapsed of seed aging model and long storage condition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The cultivar of safflower was Jin-Sun and the seeds that are separated to three different weights of small, middle, and large were used in this experiment. Large seeds revealed the highest germination percent, coleoptiles fresh weight, coleoptiles dry weight, radicle fresh weight and 1000 seed weights than other seed weight. Seed weight had little effect on yield while seed number exerted a positive influence. Interestingly, yield per plant and its major components, number of capsules and capsule weights, revealed a negligible relationship with oil content.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.431-435
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• 2000

In order to develop new materials for the functional feed, the components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was studied. Chemical composition, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids of the seed and the flower of safflower were analyzed. The chemical composition of safflower seed was 3.48% (w/w) moisture, 17.10% crude protein, 30.10% crude fat, 6.11% crude ash and these of safflower flower was 7.47% moisture, 26.30% crude protein, 11.50% crude fat, 5.73% crude ash. Mineral contents of the seed were K 170.70ppm, P 14.82ppm, Ca 13.17ppm, Mg 7.83 ppm whereas these of the flower were K 64.99 ppm, P 49.90 ppm, Ca 10.43ppm. Other mineral contents were less than 7.00ppm in all parts. The composition of the amino acid were approximately as follow, the major amino acid in all parts were aspartic acid, leucine, glycine, and arginine, the contents of these were 12.17mg/g, 11.52mg/g, 8.27mg/g, 6.99mg/g, 4.86mg/g in the seed, 19.35mg/g, 31.67mg/g, 10.30mg/g, 9.06mg/g, 12.51mg/g in the flower, respectively. The mahor fatty acids in the all parts were linoleic acid (C아래첨자). The linoleic acid and the palmitic acid (C아래첨자) in the seed and the flower parts were 77.75% (w/w), 19.32% and 8.37%, 25.62% respectively. On the basis of chemical analysis, the safflower showed to have relatively high contents of crude protein and crude fat, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acid as linoleic acid. These results suggested that safflower was found to be a useful material of natural health food for the functional food development.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1764-1771
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• 2010

홍화(Carthamus tinctorius L.)는 세계 여러 나라에 분포하고 있는 초본류이다. 이 종은 경제적으로 중요한데 홍화는 약용, 적색소, 노랑 색소로 이용된다. RAPD 기법으로 홍화의 26 집단 간 유연관계와 유전적 다양성을 조사하였다. 모든 집단에서 123개 밴드를 얻었으며 시발체(primer) 당 평균 9.5개 밴드를 나타내었다. 홍화의 유전적 다양도는 집단 내에 대부분 귀속되며 높은 집단 간 분화를 나타내었다. OPC18-01 밴드는 시리아 그룹에 특이 밴드였으며 다른 나라 집단에서는 발견되지 않았다. 이런 7개 특이 마크(SCAR)를 발견하였다. 비록 홍화의 분석한 개체 수가 적고 각 나라의 대표성을 의미하지 않지만 본 연구 결과 지중해의 지역(모로코, 시리아, 터키)이 인도를 제외한 다른 지역보다 변이가 높았다. 단순히 RAPD만으로 단정하기 어렵지만 홍화의 기원 센터의 후보군으로 지중해 연안으로 추정된다. 인도 역시 홍화의 2차 센터의 후보군이다. RAPD 마커는 홍화의 자연 집단을 분류하는데 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2005

In the present study, in vitro multiple shoot induction was achieved from cotyledonary node and stem nodal explants of cv. NARI-6 of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Among various growth regulators tested, MS salts and B5 vitamins supplemented with BA (6-Benzy-laminopurine) $17.76\;{\mu}M$ and KN (Kinetin) $6.96\;{\mu}M$ phytohormonal combination was found to be the most effective in initiating numerous shoot buds after 30 days of culture than BA ($4.44-44.39\;{\mu}M$) or KN ($2.32-46.40\;{\mu}M$) alone in the medium. In addition, 0.8% (w/v) agar (Hi-media) and 3.0% sucrose (w/v) was the optimum level for the formation of adventitious shoots. Further results showed the maximum shoot elongation occurred on MS medium with BA ($8.88\;{\mu}M$) and $GA_3$($11.56\;{\mu}M$) combinations. Efficient rooting occurred on quarter strength MS medium with NAA $10.74\;{\mu}M$. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the field.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 1999

Antioxidative compounds contained in roasted safflower seeds were investigated. Six phenolic compounds, N-feruloylserotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, matairesinol, 8'-hydroxyarctigenin, acacetin 7-Ο-β-D-glucoside(tilianine) and acacetin were isolated and identified from the extract of seeds. The inhibitory effects of six phenolic compounds on 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation induced by H₂O₂/FeSO₄in rat liver microsomes were determined. Two serotonins showed more potent DPPH radical scavenging activity, and a stronger inhibitory effect on the lipid peroxidation than that of α-tocopherol. In addition, acacetin and matairesinol also considerably inhibited lipid peroxidation, while 2-hydroxy-arctigenin and tilianine were inactive. These results suggest that phenolic compounds, including serotonins, lignans and flavonoids in the roasted safflower seeds can be used as potential dietary natural antioxidants.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2014

In traditional Korean and Chinese medicine, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for the treatment of central nervous system-related symptoms such as tremor, seizure, stroke and epilepsy. We investigated the effects of safflower could influence cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments. Administration of safflower for 1 day (200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) increased the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global brain ischemia. And neurological functions measured as short term memory. Post-treatment with safflower for 2 times decreased the induction/reduction - induced production of neuronal cell loss from global cerebral ischemia. Safflower markedly decreased neuronal cell death and also caused a decrease in the content of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) ($55.2{\pm}9.4{\mu}mol\;mg^{-1}$) and significant improvement of activities of glutathione (GSH) ($27.2{\pm}5.0{\mu}mol\;mg^{-1}$) in hippocampus. We conclude that treatment with safflower attenuated learning and memory deficits, and neuronal cell loss induced by global cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that safflower may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vascular dementia.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2000

In order to develop new materials for the functional food, the components of safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) sprout was studied. Chemical composition, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids of the leaf and the stem parts of 2 weeks grown safflower sprout were analyzed. The chemical composition of safflower spout was 12.7% (w/w) moisture, 28.5% crude protein, 10.1% crude fat, and 5.3% crude ash. Mineral contents of the leaf part were P 49%, K 22%, Mg 15%, Ca 10% whereas these of the stem part were K 51%, P 27%, S 10%, Ca 7%, Mg 4%. Other mineral contents were less than 2% in both parts. Especially, Pt was 0.18 ppb and 0.17 ppb in the leaf and the stem parts, respectively. The composition of the amino acid were approximately as follow, the major amino acid in the leaf and the stem were aspartic acid and glutamic acid, the contents of these were 10.7mg/g, 10mg/g in the leaf, 11.3 mg/g, 8.4 mg/g in the stem, respectively. The major fatty acids in the leaf and the stem parts were linoleic acid and $\alpha$-linolenic acid. The linoleic acid (C18:2) in the leaf and the stem parts were 67% (w/w) and 47% whereas the $\alpha$-linolenic acid. The linoleic acid (C18:2) in those parts were 14% (w/w) and 11%, respectively. On the basis of chemical analysis, the safflower sprout showed to have relatively high contents of crude protein and crude fat, minerals including small amount of Pt, polyunsaturated fatty acid as linoleic acid and $\alpha$ -linolenic acid. These results suggested that safflower sprout was found to be a useful material of natural health food for the functional food development.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2020

Background: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a useful medicinal and oil crop in Korea. However, when safflower is cultivated, the flowering period overlaps with the rainy season, and seed maturation is poor. Therefore, this study aimed to use basic research data to develop superior varieties using agronomic characteristics and crossing method. Methods and Results: A total of 34 safflower germplasms were sown and their agronomic characteristics were investigated. Based on these investigations, the cultivar 'ui-san-hong-hwa' was selected as the mother plant, and 'Myanmar safflower' (Hsu Pan) was selected as the father plant. In addition, we developed a floret-protecting cap to cover florets after emasculation during the artificial crossing. When florets were protected by the cap, the seed setting rate increased in comparison to that in the non-covered florets. Conclusions: Agronomic characteristics can contribute to developing suitable varieties. The results suggest that the protection cap will be helpful in breeding without the floral organ drying. This study contributes an efficient breeding method to develop new safflower varieties.