• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.285-291
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural capacity of steel pipe pile specimens reinforced with hollow steel plate shear connectors by pull-out test. Compressive strength testing of concrete was conducted and yield forces, tensile strengths and elongation ratios of re-bars and hollow steel plate were investigated. A 2,000kN capacity UTM was used for the pull-out test with 0.01mm/sec velocity by displacement control method. Strain gauges were installed at the center of re-bars and hollow steel plates and LVDTs were also installed to measure the relative displacement between the loading plate and in-filled concrete pile specimens. The yield forces of the steel pipe pile specimens reinforced with hollow steel plate shear connectors were increased 1.44-fold and 1.53-fold compared to that of a control specimen, respectively. Limited state forces of steel pipe pile specimens reinforced with hollow steel plate shear connectors were increased 1.23-fold and 1.29-fold compared to that of a control specimen, respectively. Yield state displacement and limited state displacement of steel pipe pile specimens reinforced with hollow steel plate shear connector were decreased 0.61-fold and 0.42-fold compared to that of a control specimen, respectively.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.507-516
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• 2019

Costs invested in road maintenance and road development are on the rise. However, due to accidents such as portholes and ground subsidence, the risks to the drivers' safety and the material damage caused by accidents are also increasing. Following this trend, we have developed a system that determines road damage, according to the magnitude of vibration generated without directly intervening the driver when driving. In this paper, we implemented the system using a remote control car (RC car) simulator due to the limitation of the environment in which the actual vehicle is not available in the process of developing the system. In addition, we attached a vibration sensor and GPS sensor to the body of the RC car simulator to measure the vibration value and location information generated by the movement of the vehicle in real-time while driving, and transmitting the corresponding data to the server. In this way, we implemented a system that allows external users to check the damage of roads and the maintenance of the repaired roads based on data more easily than the existing systems. By using this system, we can perform early prediction of road breakage and pattern prediction based on the data. Further, for the RC car simulator, commercialization will be possible by combining it with business in other fields that require flatness.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

The safety of cosmetics or cosmetic ingredients on human skin is generally evaluated by visual assessment but some early subtle skin changes may not be noticed by the naked eyes. Thus, the present study was conducted to detect skin reactions induced by mildly irritating cosmetic ingredients by using a laser Doppler perfusion imager (LDPI) method that measures blood flow, a $Vapometer^{(R)}$ that measure strans epidermal water loss (TEWL), and a spectrophotometer that measures the skin color as the erythema values ($a^*$). Visual assessment showed that all tested oils and humectants except propylene glycol belong to the low skin irritation ranges (grades 0+ to 2.9+) while all tested surfactants and propylene glycol belong to the moderate-to strong-skin irritation ranges (grades 3+ to 5+). Among three instrumental methods, TEWL assessment appeared to be more sensitive than spectrophotometric or LDPI method and suitable for the detection of subtle skin response invisible to the naked eye (grades 0+ to 2.9+). Skin reactions of grade 3+ to 5+ could be detected by all three instrumental methods. In conclusion, the current study suggested that the sub-clinical skin reactions due to mild irritants contained in cosmetics can be best assessed by TEWL measurements.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.91-108
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number of first aid training and safety performance. The researcher's questionnaire consisted of three variables: necessity of first aid education, application to security practice, and improvement of job satisfaction. In this study, Chronbach's Alpha coefficients were calculated to measure the internal validity for the reliability of the questionnaire. In order to verify the validity of the measured variables, exploratory factor analysis was carried out using the Berimax rotation method. The mean variance extracted AVE and the conceptual reliability CR value of the measurement result variables were both above the allowable reference value of 0.5 and it was judged to be a good test in terms of intensive validity. As a result of the hypothesis test, the standardization coefficient was 1.106 for 'necessity of first aid education ⇒ applied to security practice work', and 'applied to security work practice ⇒ improvement of job satisfaction' was 1.063 and the relationship of hypothesis 1 hypothesis 2 was significant (+), Respectively. Therefore, in order to increase the job satisfaction of security related workers, it is necessary to support first aid education and to receive first aid education.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2012

With the rapid growth of fresh-cut produce market, the South Korean fresh-cut industry is facing the challenge of ensuring food safety. As the estimation of the microbial numbers in fresh-cut produce processing lines (tools, and equipment) using the conventional microbiological techniques takes days, so there is a need for faster and easier monitoring methods. This study was conducted to investigate the use of ATP bioluminescence assay to measure the degree of microbial contamination from three actual fresh-cut processing lines. The samples collected from frech-cut vegetables, and fresh-cut fruits processing plants were tested for the estimation of the bacterial number, using the ATP bioluminescence and microbiological methods. The result of former was transferred to log RLU/100 $cm^2$, and that of the latter was transferred to log CFU/100 $cm^2$. A positive linear correlation between the ATP bioluminescence assay value and aerobic-plate count was found for fresh-cut processing lines, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8772 (n=50). The results of this study indicate that ATP bioluminescence assay can be used to monitor microbial contamination in fresh-cut produce processing plants, and can help improve the hygiene therein.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1289-1298
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• 2014

Pavement crack sealing method, which is one of the methods to maintain and repair the road, prevents the extending of cracks by repairing cracks in its early occurrence and has already been applied to many roadworks in advanced foreign country for a long time. But in the conventional crack sealing method, traffic accidents occur frequently during the repair because it's commonly performed on the heavy traffic road or highway. It also has some difficulties in securing the safety of workers from the risk of burns caused by heated sealant. In an effort to solve these problems, automated pavement crack sealing machines such as ARMM, OCCSM, TTLS have been developed in advanced foreign country since early 1990s. Also APCS in 2004 and ACSTM in 2013 were already developed domestically. However, since these automated crack sealers developed from a number of research institutions have different test-bed conditions and productivity measurement models, it's difficult to compare and evaluate them objectively. In this study, the image processing time of the respective machines and the movement time of each motion on the work process were estimated by using fully autonomous mapping and semi-automatic mapping in order to measure the productivity in the same environmental conditions. In addition, the productivity measurement test-bed reflected domestic road characteristics was designed to estimate and compare the productivity of the automated crack sealing machines.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2009

In this study, Crotalaria sessiliflora L., leaf was extracted with a solvent mixture of $CH_2Cl_2$ and $CH_2OH$ (3:1). In order to draw or separate effective components from the leaf extract with high activity, a 1:1 solvent mixture of water and butanol was used after removal of the sugar and fat from the extract. From the decompressed and concentrated butanol layer, 10 small fractions (Fr1, Fr2, Fr3, Fr4, Fr5, Fr6, Fr7, Fr8, Fr9, and Fr10) were obtained using a chromatography column filled with sephadex LH-20. The activity of each fraction was measured by the same method as that used to measure the antioxidant effect of each part(p<0.05). The Fr1, Fr4, and Fr6 fractions showed the highest activity levels(p<0.05). The vital unknown material that vitality exists in the strong butanol fractions of F1, F4 and F6 will be isolated and identified. Currently, we are performing for a single compound from an unknown peak by instrumental analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

In this study, biomonitoring methods were developed to measure BTEXs exposure level in the air, metabolites of benzene and toluene in human urine, individual susceptibility markers in human blood for evaluation of the health effects about environmental pollution. We have also performed a small-scaled molecular epidemiology study on residents in Chuncheon and workers in workplace for these method applications. The workers in workplace were surveyed as study areas, and the residents in Chuncheon which is in the suburban area were surveyed as comparative areas in this study. Actually, 31 workers in as target group and 33 residences in as control group this epidemiological study. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen, it's median concentrations were 0.00024∼0.02057ppm at suburban area and 0.002∼00.654ppm at work place, These benzene concentrations were not exceed the OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) threshold benzene level of 1ppm in the states. 2. Metabolites product of benzene(t,t-Muconic Acid) and toluene(Hippuric Acid) were not significant both in suburban and workplace area. The median concentration of t,t-MA and HA were 0.0122, 1.44277g/g creatinine, respectively. 3. In the case of individual susceptibility markers as CYPlAl, 41.8% of them has homozygous wild type(W) and who has heterozygous variant type(H) was 35.4% and 22.8% of homozygous variant type(M) genetic type. In the case of CYP2E1, 62.82% of them has homozygous wild type(D) type, 34.62% of each has heterozygous variant type (DC) and 2.56% of them has homozygous variant type (CC). Who doesn't have GSTM1 gene was 46.25% and who has GSTM1 gene was 53.75％. Who doesn't have GSTT1 gene was 40.0％ in study groups and who has GSTT1 gene was 60.0%. Who has W genetic type, which is homozygous wild type of GSTP1, was 69.18% and H genetic type, which is heterozygous variant type was 28.4%. M genetic type which is homozygous variant type was 2.4%. 4. Concentration differences of metabolites such as t,t-MA and HA in urine, which is generated by individual susceptibility marker of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 gene of Phase I and CYP1A1, CYP2E1 gene of Phase II, was examined. As a result, GSTP1 and GSTM1 indicate slight differences depend on the amount of metabolites in urine, it was not statistically significant.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.18
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• pp.385-444
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• 2003

Current Military Airbase Law, in an effort to promote safety of military aircraft and security of military airbase, requires an administrative agency or its empowered branch to consult with the Secretary of Defense or the commander of the airbase before they issue a certain administrative approval or decision related to the installation. Although this consultation process purports itself in simplifying what can be an protracted administrative procedure, and in unifying objectives of the military and the administrative services, such procedural requirement is vulnerable inevitability of various legal problems whenever there is a conflict of interests among civil, military, government services. Nor is there sufficient studies done by academian in the area of bureaucratic issues of administrative resolution, and certainly not in the area of the military consultation procedure. This article, with such reality in mind attempts to constructively examine 1) when a consultation application is submitted, whether the discretionary power of the commander of the affected airbase is acknowledged at the outset; 2) if the content of the consultation is deemed unlawful, whether a civilian can institute an administrative lawsuit against it; 3) problems about the subject matters of the consultation requirement within the framework of military airbase law; 4) whether the issuing administrative agency must abide by and issue approval or decision in accordance with the opinion proposed by the said commander; 5) the legal problems of the remedial measure such as an order of removal, appellate review, notion to challenge authority, and etc. in cases such as administrative agency ignoring the commanders proposal or issuing final approval or decision that is inconsistent with what was consulted and agreed upon between both parties.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2016

Objective: Direct current cardioversion for atrial fibrillation could be associated with the risk of thromboembolic events. Anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (INR 2.0-3.0) is recommended 3 weeks before and 4 weeks after cardioversion to reduce the risk of thromboembolism. This study evaluated warfarin therapy in pharmacist-managed anticoagulant services (ACS). Methods: This retrospective study was performed in 106 patients with atrial fibrillation from 2012 to 2013. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. The primary safety measure was major bleeding. To evaluate the peri-procedural effects of warfarin treatment, we studied whether target INR was maintained, as well as the maintenance period of the therapeutic range. Quality of treatment was measured by time in therapeutic range (TTR) by using the Rosendaal method. Results: There were no thromboembolic events, but TEE examination at time of cardioversion showed a left atrial thrombus in three patients (2.8%). Bleeding complications after cardioversion occurred in 2 patients (1.9%). The average INR value at the time of cardioversion was $2.59{\pm}0.8$, and was within the therapeutic range in 83 patients (78%). Analysis of the patients in whom the value was within the therapeutic range twice consecutively showed that the ratio of TTR was 80% and the therapeutic range was maintained in 67 patients (63%) for an average of 4.90 weeks prior to cardioversion. Similarly, 76 patients (72%) had a stable INR within the therapeutic range for an average of 5.70 weeks and a mean TTR of 83%. Conclusion: Pharmacists significantly contributed to appropriate warfarin treatment with close monitoring during cardioversion. Likewise, active pharmacist monitoring and systemic management should be considered to reduce thromboembolism and bleeding complications in the peri-cardioversion period.