• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.27-38
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• 2002

VTIS(Value-added Traffic Information System), among the sub-systems of ATIS, is an Advanced Traffic System which innovates efficiency and safety. And this system, having marketability and publicness, is very important. Moreover, This system offers definite traffic information according to the demand of specified users. And it is expected to produce additional spread effects because of high participation rate of private sector. However, the VTIS service media are varied and there are varied optimal Prices and payment methods according to each medium. Because of that, there needs the study on these problems or optimal criteria. But because existing studies were devoted to estimate the optimal route, the study toward the optimal price which was considered part of user and service use demand do not exist. Accordingly, we surveyed under imaginary alternative pricing scenarios and forecasted the use demand of VTIS by using Binary Logit model. Also, for the users who answered that they would use VTIS service in survey, we classified their use's behaviors as four categories and estimated the use ratio to each category by using Ordered Probit model. Last, using sensitivity analysis for results form above, we derived the optimal price that is 2800won in monthly. 145won in payment per call. Then, VTIS service use rate is respectively 65%, 75%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2010

In this study, noncomposite and composite eco-arch structures with I-beams and precast concrete(PC) decks were investigated. Four finite-element models(a steel-girder model, a steel-girder-and-several-PC-panels model, a three-steel-girder model, and a three-steel-girder-and-several-PC-panels model) using a general finite-element program, ABAQUS, were reviewed to predict the strength of the noncomposite and composite arch structures. Based on the results of the finite- element analysis, the behaviors of the four models were investigated, and deflection and strain gauges for the experimental specimen consisting of three steel girders and several PC panels were set up to obtain the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength of the specimen was estimated to be 1,961kN. The ultimate strength was much larger than the 1,380-kN load calculated using AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications(2007). The noncomposite and composite arch bridges were found to have enough strength for safety.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2014

Super-critical $CO_2$ ($S-CO_2$) Brayton cycle has been considered to replace the current steam Rankine cycle in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) in order to improve the inherent safety and thermal efficiency. Several austenitic alloys are considered as the structural materials for high temperature $S-CO_2$ environment.. Microstructural change after long-term exposure to high temperature $S-CO_2$ environment could affect to the mechanical properties. In this study, candidate materials (austenitic stainless steels and Alloy 800HT) were exposed to $S-CO_2$ to assess oxidation resistance and the change in tensile properties. Loss of ductility was observed for some austenitic stainless steels even after 250 h exposure. The contribution of $S-CO_2$ environment on such changes was analyzed based on the characterization of the surface oxide and carburization of the materials in which 316H and 800H showed different oxidation behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This paper proposes architectural and evacuation recommendations through evacuation experiments of two child care centers with disabilities. To achieve these purposes, a survey on the architectural characteristics and evacuation experiments was carried out. The results were as follows: (1) the child care center with disabilities were located within one kilometer or five minutes from a fire station and 119 safety center, but the architectural characteristics and the ratio of self-moving children in a care center were very different conditions. (2) The evacuation behavior patterns of children with a disability were as follows: hugging a child by a teacher with the arms, walking with hugging and holding the child by a teacher, moving a wheelchair with a helper, and drag-out a cerebral palsied child with a mat wrapping. (3) The speed of the evacuation was fast in the following order: drag-out with a mat wrapping a child with a disability, hugging the child with the arms, walking with hugging and holding child, and moving with a wheelchair. In the case of difficulties in the vertical evacuation, a temporal evacuation area was essential for children with disability.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Recently, natural aggregate was adequate to supply the demand due to increase of building construction. National pollution induced by construction waste caused by the reconstruction and redevelopment was cited as the major social issues in Korea. Therefore, government are required by law to use the recycled aggregate. In order to consider safety, KS F 2573 recommend that recycled aggregate with below design strength 27MPa and replacement ratio of 30%. This study on flexural behaviors of reinforced concrete beam was conducted and the specimens employed in test were planed with high strength concrete (40, 50 and 60MPa) and recycled aggregate replacement ratio (0, 30, 50, 100%). Although the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beam has trendy to decrease with increase of replacement ratio, it is meet to KCI 2007. The comparison results show that reinforced concrete beam using recycled aggregate can apply as flexural member in building construction.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the results of salty taste assessment, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors among adult and senior women by region and by age. The results generated from this was expected to provide fundamental data for implementing a nationwide salt reduction education program. Methods: The salty taste assessment tool was applied to 4,064 subjects from 15 areas in Korea. Also, a survey of dietary attitude and dietary behavior related to salt intake was conducted for all subjects participated in this study. Results: The salty taste assessment scores by region and by age were the lowest in capital (p < 0.01) and was highest among the 70+ year age group (p < 0.01). The dietary attitude scores and dietary behavior scores showed that Gyeongsang was the highest (p < 0.001) and the capital was the lowest. The dietary attitude scores were highest at 20&30's followed by 40's and 70's group (p < 0.001). Dietary behavior scores showed that 20's~30's and 40's groups were higher than the other age groups (p < 0.001). The score of 'I like kimchi' was $3.46{\pm}0.88$, which was the highest among 10 dietary behavior questions. The score of 'I eat a lot of kimchi' was $3.30{\pm}0.90$, which was the highest among 10 dietary behavior questions related to salt intake. The scores of salty taste assessment had significant positive correlations between the scores of dietary attitude (p < 0.001), dietary behavior (p < 0.001) and self-awareness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of salty taste assessment, we observed a tendency that older people and regions except the capital had higher preference for salty taste. Our results suggested the necessity for a nationwide salty reduction education program tailored for regions and for different age groups.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.74-92
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the types of health documents for nurses, the content of informations in the documents, and writing behaviors of occupational health nurses. Health documents were collected from 7 nurses who were working in 7 group occupational health agencies (GOHA) located at Seoul and Inchon area in Korea. The collected health documents written in January to June 1999 were analyzed, and revealed the following results. 1) The occupational health nurses were using 9 to 18 different types of health documents. The contents of the documents were considered quite similar to each other with slightly different headings and items to record. Among different types of health documents. Health Management Card for Workplace', Nursing performance sheet and Workplace environmental checklist were in common among nurses and were used for content analysis. 2) The 'Health Management Card for Workplace' was the only formal sheet of small-scale-enterprises (SSE) for health management, in which health and safety related information was recorded. The information on nursing services were recorded on the Nursing performance sheet, which has slightly different names on each type with similar contents. The Workplace environment checklist was for the information on general work environment management and mainly status of workplace hygiene. This checklist is to be used by or with nurses among the 3 types health professional team such as doctor, hygienist, and nurse, but it seemed not being used frequently by nurses. 3) Analysis on recording tendencies of nurses revealed that the writing styles of occupational health nurses were associated with 'memo' using a few number of words and short sentences. The amount of information by this kind of recording style was considered not enough for health management situation. The possible reasons for nurses to use this writing style might be insufficient time for recording and improper designed format of health documents. Because nurses working in SSE spend more time on the roads to visit workplaces, nurses may not found enough time for recording properly within their working time. In addition, the health records were designed to focus on the frequency of nurse's performance in certain types of work rather than on the method they used to deal with health problems. In conclusion, this study suggests that some steps are necessary to develop health documents and recording system which is appropriate to occupational health nurses. The educational need for nurses on appropriate recording behavior is also recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.137-147
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception factors of a pedestrian environment that affect pedestrian environment satisfaction(PES) and determine the relationship between PES and the expected effects of health promotion. The targeted areas of study are neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. First, regarding the results for the evaluation of pedestrian environment perception, 'Gentle slope' was rated the highest, while factors regarding pedestrian safety such as 'Lots of unpleasant elements', 'Risk from biking and motorcycling' and 'Many obstacles on sidewalks' were rated low. A stepwise regression analysis showed that factors such as 'Fresh air', 'Beautiful scenery', 'Continuity of the sidewalks', 'Various attractions', 'The shade of trees' and 'Lots of unpleasant elements' influenced the PES. Therefore, creating fresh air and shade trees by planting trees and removing unpleasant elements from pedestrian areas are important. Also, it is necessary to cultivate beautiful scenery and attractions through street improvement and improve the continuity of the sidewalks. Finally, in terms of path analysis, PES influenced the frequency of park use, the expected effects of physical and mental health promotion both directly and indirectly.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.79-89
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• 2018

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the factors that influence consumer's overseas online shopping behavior. Consumers adopt overseas online shopping as a new buying way and more and more consumers prefer overseas online shopping than traditional shopping ways. Consumers' behaviors in this shopping experience can be different from other shopping experiences. With the increase of overseas online shopping, we need to find antecedents and results of overseas online shopping. Especially there would be positive or negative factors which influence overseas online shopping motivation. To find the relationship, this study examines self-efficacy and impulsivity as major factors which influence overseas online shopping. We also suggest that several attitude factors increase self-efficacy and it is positively related to customer satisfaction. On the other hand, we assume that overseas online shopping factors influence impulsivity of buying and it will decrease customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - This empirical study data were collected from Korean people who experience overseas online shopping. The subjects for this study were confined to shoppers who used overseas online shopping within the past six months. A total of 267 responses were gathered. SPSS 23.0, PLS 2.0 software were used in the data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to show sample characteristics. We examined reliability, validity test for constructs. All measurement items used seven-point scales(1= very strong disagree, 7 = very strongly agree) drawn from previously published papers. Partial Least Square method was applied to find the relationship between antecedent factors and dependent factors and hypotheses were estimated. Results - Results show that perceived superiority, perceived ease of use, perceived transaction safety, perceived behavioral control positively affect self-efficacy. Self-efficacy influences positively to consumer's post purchase satisfaction. Perceived monetary benefit and perceived uniqueness motivated impulse buying. This can make consumer's post purchase dissatisfaction. Conclusions - This paper attempted to confirm the existence of both the positive and negative faces of overseas online shopping. The result reveals that self-efficacy is a major factor which may increase satisfaction in the overseas online shopping. Usually, we can think monetary benefit and uniqueness of products motivate overseas online shopping. But it can also intrigue impulse buying and negatively affect customer relationship. Therefore companies should provide enough products information to their potential customers and they might apply adequate processes such as recommendation, comparing systems to build long term relationship with their customers.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.6 s.90
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• pp.955-962
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• 2005

Still no accurate theory exists for predicting ultimate shear strength of deep reinforced concrete beams because of the structural and material non-linearity after cracking. Currently, the load capacity assesment is performed for the upper structure of the bridges and containing non-reliability in the applications and results. The purpose in this study is to evaluate analytically the complex shear behaviors and normal strength for the reinforced concrete deep beams and to offer the accuracy load capacity assesment method based on the reliability theories. This paper presents a method for the load capacity assesment of reinforcement concrete deep beams using nonlinear finite element analysis. A computer program named RCAHEST (Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology), for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures was used. Material non-linearity is taken Into account by comprising tensile, compressive and shear models of cracked concrete and a model of reinforcing steel. From the results, determine the reliability index for the failure base on the Euro Code. Then, calculate additional reduction coefficient to satisfy the goals from the reliability analysis. The proposed numerical method for the load capacity assesment of reinforced concrete deep beams is verified by comparison with the others methods.