• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a widely used insecticide in agriculture and household area. In mammals, PYRs such as deltamethrin is metabolized to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in liver that is mainly excreted in urine. This study is designed to single exposure of deltamethrin to rats in a dose-dependent manner and identify the correlation between deltamethrin exposure and its metabolite (3-PBA) in urine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure levels of deltamethrin were control (0 mg/kg bw), low (0.0705 mg/kg bw), medium (0.705 mg/kg bw) and high (7.05 mg/kg bw) dose. Low concentration was derived by ussing Korea predictive operator exposure model (KoPOEM). Dermal exposure persisted for 6 h, and urine specimens were collected for 24 h. The urine matrix was removed after a series of procedures and 3-PBA was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: There was a strong correlation ($R^2=0.83$) between the amount of oral exposure to delta me thrin and urinary levelof3-PBAexcreted. In dermal exposure groups of deltamethrin except high-dose, also there was a good correlation between urinary 3-PBA and deltamethrin exposure, but not stronger than in oral deltamethrin exposure groups. Based on these results, therefore, the amount of 3-PBA in urine can be used as a good monitoring indicator that reflexing the exposure level of deltamethrin to human body.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.23-29
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• 2005

Our country marine transport enterprise the international from competitive power from the hazard which develops at marine transport powerful country the government and marine transport presentation with activation of safety management protection of life Protection and oceanic environment from the sea hazard at the place where compared to it is endeavoring more the activation plan so far regarding the safety management from the coastal line insufficient are and the system and actuality safety management activation plan which is suitable in the coastal line is necessary. From the research which it sees consequently today a result analysis of coastal line safety management and the development direction of activation plan importance from it let in the immediacy which from the marine transport enterprise is important with the international and oceanic environmental protection it presented.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an independent international organization that advances the science of radiological protection for the public benefit, particularly by providing recommendations and guidance on all aspects of protection against ionizing radiation. The ICRP is a community of more than 380 globally-recognized experts in radiological protection science, policy, and practice from more than 50 countries. As of January 2024, the ICRP is comprised of a Main Commission, the Scientific Secretariat, four Standing Committees, and 30 Task Groups under the four committees. The ICRP has released well over one hundred publications on all aspects of radiological protection. Most address a particular area within radiological protection, but a handful of the publications, the so-called fundamental recommendations, describe the overall system of radiological protection. The system for radiological protection is based on the current understanding of the science of radiation exposure and its effects along with value judgements. The ICRP offers recommendations to regulatory and advisory agencies and provides advice to management and professional staff with responsibilities for radiological protection. Legislation in most countries adheres closely to ICRP recommendations. The International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) International Basic Safety Standards are based heavily on ICRP recommendations. ICRP recommendations form the core of radiological protection standards, legislation, programs, and practice worldwide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.138-138
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• 2002

In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary and cumulative skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2018

Eggs, immature eggs, and pupae of 8 different insects (Halyomopha halys, Riptortus pedestris, Lymantria dispar, Antheraea yamamai, Verlarifictorus spp, Antheraea pernyi, and Musca domestica) including Lycorma delicatura were used to select the alternative host for laboratory mass rearing of A. orientalis. Except L. delicatula's eggs and immature eggs of A. pernyi, other 7 tested insects were not parasitized by A. orientalis. A. pernyi was reared with oak tree leaves and its cocoons were harvested on mid-July and early October. On 4 or 5 days after emergence, only female adults showing swollen abdomen were collected and stored at $1{\sim}5^{\circ}C$. We could get 150~200 eggs per one female by dissecting the female's abdomen. For examining the possibility for laboratory mass rearing of A. orientalis with A. pernyi's immature eggs, developmental periods from egg to pupa between the two different hosts were compared. Developmental periods were 36.1 days on immature eggs of A. pernyi and 36.8 days on an original host's eggs, respectively. The number of parasitized eggs by A. orientalis' female for 24 h was 3.4 on immature eggs of A. pernyi and 4.2 on an original host's eggs, respectively. However, there were no significant statistical differences in developmental period and parasitization between the two hosts. By supplying honeyed water to newly emerged female parasitoids, it was able to maximize their longevities up to 64.3 days after emergence. Therefore, our results support potential for laboratory mass-rearing of A. orientalis using A. pernyi's immature eggs as an alternative host.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

Fire was and remains a great threat to historic buildings of wood. This threat is omnipresent and often results to irreparable property losses especially cultural heritages. Fire of historic buildings continues to increase every year. The purpose of this study is to preserve a life safety, historical heritage and architectural & cultural values by pursuing for fire safety in the historical buildings. This study shall employ two research methods: a literature review and field survey methods. The literature review shall focus on the observations of characteristics noted in fire codes. The field survey shall cover a heat analysis and fire protection equipment. A method is proposed to investigate fire codes related historical building, reported fire history Fire Codes and Regulations for modern buildings are not always applicable on the historic buildings. Old buildings, and some new buildings with architectural, historical or cultural importance may have values which cannot be measured on a monetary scale. Their protection against the damage caused by fire is considered to be one of the basic moral duties of society. It is strongly recommended, therefore, legislation for fire safety in historical buildings must be extended to a complementary relationship with 'active' fire protection measures, to provide safety in real historical building in real fire situations. The development and application of performance based Codes and the Fire Safety Engineering approach seems to be a rather reasonable and effective way to deal with this historical buildings.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

When Aphidius colemani mummies were stored at four different temperatures (6, 8, 10 and 12 ± 1℃), they could be stored at 8℃ for 10 days with over 50% adult emergence. A number of mummies of Rhopalosiphum padi parasitized by A. colemani adults emerged from mummies after 8℃ storage clearly reduced with increasing duration of storage and especially declined with storage longer than 13 days showing < 20% parasitism. However, there were no differences in aphid parasitisms by A. colemani on 3 to 10 days after storage. Over 3 day storage at 8℃ was adversely affected on survival of A. colemani adults. Therefore, cold storage of A. colemani adults is considered as an unsuitable method for mass production of biological control agent. When 2-day-old Meteorus pulchricornis cocoons were stored at 6, 8 and 10 ± 1℃, it was possible to be stored up to 63 days at 8℃, showing the highest emergence. With increasing of cold storage duration at 8℃, parasitism on 2^nd and 3^rd larval instar of Spodoptera litura by stored M. pulchricornis significantly reduced. However, parasitic rate by M. pulchricornis stored for 2 weeks was similar to that by 1 week stored ones. Therefore, M. pulchricornis cocoons could be stored up to 2 weeks at 8℃ for stockpiling before release.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

Recently Korea and many countries are legislated for pedestrian protection as following the GTR(Global Technical Regulation). Most NCAP organization have been applying pedestrian protection results in their own rating system in individual or overall rating. Euro NCAP agency has been introduced it first. From the beginning, Euro NCAP had assessed occupant and pedestrian protection. It has become to strengthen a pedestrian protection protocol every time published. Korea NCAP also has been rating pedestrian protection with overall rating system. This paper proposed to study new pedestrian protection protocol especially upper leg in order to find injury response based on physical test. On Euro NCAP, the upper leg injury are assessed two kind of value which are bending moment and force.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 1996

I hope that in the limited allotted to me today I managed to draw to your attention just some of the recent legal developments relation to international maritime safety and environmental protection or more simply, of safer ships and cleaner seas, none of us should be in any doubt the ever increasing pressure that is going to be placed upon the shipping industry to achieve the objectives to which those expressions refer.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2024

Background: Glove reuse poses risks, as chemicals can persist even after cleaning. Decontamination methods like thermal aeration, recommended by US OSHA, vary in effectiveness. Some studies show promising results, while others emphasize the importance of considering both permeation and tensile strength changes. This research advocates for informed glove reuse, emphasizing optimal thermal aeration temperatures and providing evidence to guide users in maintaining protection efficiency. Methods: The investigation evaluated Neoprene and Nitrile gloves (22 mils). Permeation tests with toluene and acetone adhered to American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) F739 standards. Decontamination optimization involved aeration at various temperatures. The experiment proceeded with a maximum of 22 re-exposure cycles. Tensile strength and elongation were assessed following ASTM D 412 protocols. Breakthrough time differences were statistically analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results: At room temperature, glove residuals decreased, and standardized breakthrough time (SBT)₂ was significantly lower than SBT₁, indicating reduced protection. Higher temperature decontamination accelerated residual removal, with ∆SBT (SBT₂/SBT₁) exceeding 100%, signifying restored protection. Tensile tests showed stable neoprene properties postdecontamination. Results underscore thermal aeration's efficacy for gloves reuse, emphasizing temperature's pivotal role. Findings recommend meticulous management strategies, especially post-breakthrough, to uphold glove-protective performance. Conclusions: Thermal aeration at 100℃ for 1 hour proves effective, restoring protection without compromising glove strength. The study, covering twenty cycles, suggests safe glove reuse with proper decontamination, reducing costs significantly. However, limitations in chemical-glove combinations and exclusive focus on specific gloves caution against broad generalization. The absence of regulatory directives on glove reuse highlight the importance of informed selection and rigorous decontamination validation for workplace safety practices.