• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2012

현재 우리나라는 도로교통법에서 도로의 우측통행을 법률로 규정하고, 이에 적합한 운전석의 위치는 좌측 체계를 관례적으로 유지하고 있다. 그러나 최근 우측 핸들차량이 외국(특히 일본)에서 다양한 절차를 통해 수입되어 2004년 7월 자료에 의하면 이사화물 차량 1,343대와 외교관 차량 593대 등 2,000대 이상이 운행되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 수입된 우측 핸들 차량은 국내의 우측 방향 운행체계에 적합하지 않아 잠재적으로 사고의 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 실험을 통하여 우측 핸들차량에 익숙하지 않은 운전자들은 방향지시등의 조작시간이 길어지고 에러횟수가 많아진다는 것을 볼 수 있었는데, 이는 교통사고에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인이다. 또한 추월시 발생하는 시거확보의 문제에 대한 실험의 결과, 운전석으로부터 10m 뒤에 위치한 종이컵을 보는 실험결과 좌측 핸들 차량의 시야 범위는 2.95m, 우측 핸들 차량의 시야 범위는 1.7m로 분석되었다. 우측 핸들차량에 대한 안전교육을 실시하고 기준에 준하는 운전자에게 운행할 수 있는 자격을 부여하며, 법 규정에 이와 관련된 기준 마련 등을 통하여 우측 핸들차량에 대한 안전대책을 수립할 수 있는 방안 모색이 필요하다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2012

Purpose: Provision of accurate temperature measurement is an essential element to ensure a precise control in greenhouse environment. This study was organized to compare the effects of six solar radiation shields with different shapes for temperature measurement and find the most appropriate shield for greenhouse environment. Methods: A fan-aspirated radiation shield was designed and manufactured. Using the fan-aspirated radiation shield and five other shapes i.e., the cup shape, horizontal pipe, vertical pipe, parallel boards and commercial shields, temperature measurement was conducted over the lawn surface as well as greenhouse indoor environment. The measurement height varied at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m from the floor. Results: The measured temperatures by the fan-aspirated radiation shield were 1.30-$1.49^{\circ}C$ lower than the values recorded by other different-shaped shields at 1.5 m of measurement height. As the measurement height decreases, observed differences between measured temperatures of the fan-aspirated radiation shield and other shields demonstrate a declining trend. However, at low measurement heights, the radiation emitted from the bottom surface would be the source of error in temperature measurement. Conclusions: The fan-aspirated radiation shield is a required tool for exact measurement of air temperature in greenhouse temperature control.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 카울 모듈의 성형 시 최적 설계 공정을 유한요소해석을 통해 도출하는 방안을 제시하였다. 소재 인장시험 및 성형성 평가와 같은 기계적 물성 평가를 통해 성형 해석의 주름 및 크랙 발생을 사전에 파악하고 이를 개선하기 위한 공정 설계 변경을 통해 최적 설계 방안을 도출하였다. 또한 제진성 향상이 필요한 카울 로워 패널에 패치워크를 적용을 통해 카울 모듈의 강성 증대 및 제진 특성 향상을 고유진동수 측정 시험과 해석을 통해 확인하였다. 해석 결과, 실러 패치워크 기술 적용에 따른 1차 고유진동수가 향상됨을 알 수 있었고, 이는 강성 및 제진특성 증대와 관련있다고 볼 수 있다. 실러 패치워크 적용 시 공정수 감소를 위해 성형 전 로워 패널 블랭크에 패치워크 블랭크를 점용접으로 접합시켜 성형하므로, 성형 후 패치워크 패널의 위치가 점용접 조건에 따라 달라진다. 이를 위해 점용접 위치에 따른 성형 해석을 실시하여 결과를 바탕으로 최적 공정 설계를 도출하였다. 스탬핑 공법을 이용한 타부품의 적용을 위해 성형 해석 기법을 구축하여 다양한 제품 설계에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.955-963
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine effect of the application of different types of coffee on teeth stain during home bleaching. Methods : Twenty five premolars that were extracted within the past month and healthy without any signs of dental caries or restorations were collected and divided into five groups. The teeth of a control group were bleached everyday for two weeks, and the teeth of four experimental groups were bleached everyday for two weeks and then deposited respectively in four different types of coffee solution: brewed coffee, black coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sugar and cream. Afterwards, the color of the teeth of the four experimental groups was checked by a shade pilot. Results : As a result, there were significant differences in the change of lightness and color according to the blending type with the lapse of time during home bleaching. Concerning changes in lightness and hue, there were the largest differences in the control group and the experimental group deposited in coffee with sugar and cream, followed by coffee with sugar, black coffee and brewed coffee. When the extent of change in lightness and hue was investigated after home bleaching, the experimental group deposited in coffee with sugar and cream was stained the least, and the experimental group deposited in brewed coffee was stained the most. Conclusions : In conclusion, the intake of coffee that is the cause of stain should be reduced during bleaching, and in case of having a cup of coffee, it's advisable to have coffee with cream.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2004

Fruits we subjected to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. During a long journey from the production area to markets, there is always some degree of vibration present. Vibration inputs are transmitted from the vehicle through the packaging to the fruit. Inside, these cause sustained bouncing of fruits against each other and container wall. These steady state vibration input may cause serious fruit injury, and this damage is particularly severe whenever the fruit inside the package is free to bounce, and is vibrated at its resonant frequency. The determination of the resonant frequencies of the fruit may help the packaging designer to determine the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. The vibration characteristics of the pears in corrugated fiberboard container in transit were analyzed using FEM (finite element method) modeling, and the FEM modeling approach was first validated by comparing the results obtained from simulation and experiment for the pear in the frequency range 3 to 150 Hz and acceleration level of 0.25 G-rms and it was found that between simulated and measured frequencies of the pears have a relatively good agreement. It was observed that the fruit and vegetables in corrugated fiberboard container could be analyzed by finite element method. As the elastic modulus of the cushion materials of corrugated fiberboard pad and tray cup decreased, the first frequencies of upper and lower pears increased and the peak acceleration decreased.

• 기술사
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.5-23
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• 1983

On the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Construction of No. 3, 4 Line, the total length is 57 Km and it is now undergoing almost 55％ progress. The working method is classified into Open Cut of 70% and the rest of 30% tunnelling method in the 48 job site. Above tunnelling method is execute by American Steel Support System and the rest of 10 job site carried out by New Austria Tunnelling Method. This paper describes Blasting Standardizations works on the above Tunnelling ' Open Cut Method under big slogan, first safety, second execution. As a superintendent, I strived standardization of works with Better powder, Better Drills ' Better Pattern. Geological structure of Seoul area is composed by Jurassic Granite and also the above rockgroup are over burden by Alluviums as a Unconformity. First of all, I carried out the standard amount of powder and burden through experimental standard blasting by each powder as following Blasting works in the subway construction is surrounding shop Building, under pass the city river and also under pass highest building basement floor. I made allowable Blasting Vibration Value by West-Germany Vornorm DIN 4150, Teil 3 and should measure each blasting works as fellows all of powder is used basically Low-Gravity and Low Velocity such as Slurry, Ammonium Nitrate ' Finex I, II. for Smooth Blasting Instead of Gelatin Dynamite. Electric Detonation Cap is used basically M/S Delay Cup instead of Electric delay ' Simultaneous cap. I applied following formula V=KW3/4 $D^{-2}$ V=Particle Velocity (Cm/sec) K=Ginh Huh's Value W=Delay Charge (Kg) D=Distance(m) In the Open Cut, within 1m distance from H-pile I made to use the Concrete breaker, as following V=7W/$^{0.5}$V/$^{-1.75}$ On the Concentrate Building area, I advise to use Light class drill ø36m Bit and advance 1.1m per round blasting the three boom jumbo drill over ø45mm used only suburb of city.e Light class drill ø36m Bit and advance 1.1m per round blasting the three boom jumbo drill over ø45mm used only suburb of city.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제22호
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• pp.37-64
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• 2010

9.11테러사건 이후 테러는 다양한 동기를 가지고 목표달성을 위해 국가중요시설과 같은 경성표적에서 연성표적인 지하철, 백화점, 관광호텔 등 다중이용시설에 대한 테러공격이 급증하고 있으며, 또한 불특정 다수의 일반인들을 대상으로 무차별적인 동시다발 테러양상을 보이고 있다. 2010년 11월 서울에서 주요 20개국(G20) 정상회의와 국제기구 등 40여개 국가가 참여하는 국제회의가 개최되며, 금년 7월에 아프간 350명 이내의 치안지원군 추가파병을 앞두고 국제테러조직들이 예민한 반응을 보이고 있다. 한국은 지난 APEC, ASEM, 2002 한 일 월드컵 등의 국제행사를 성공적으로 개최하였던 경험을 토대로 다음과 같이 다중이용시설의 테러 안전대책 방안을 강구하여야 한다. 첫째, 다자간 국제회의 안전 활동의 효율성 제고와 테러방지법의 조기입법, 부총리급의 대테러센터의 장 직위를 신설해야 한다. 둘째, 다중이용시설의 테러위기관리시스템 정립과 안전대책이 강구되어야 한다. 셋째, 다중이용시설의 테러예방을 위해 근본적인 건축적 대처방안과 신종 IED위협에 대한 범정부차원에서의 대책을 강구해야 한다. 넷째, 테러현장에서의 경찰과 소방기관의 초기대응태세 확립 및 사경비회사의 근무체제 확립을 위한 특수교육이 필요하다. 다섯째, 대국민 테러위협의 인식변화와 홍보 교육시스템이 개발되어야 하며, 테러의 사전예방활동을 위한 테러위해 인지능력배양을 위한 연구가 필요하다. 여섯째, 다중이용시설물 이용객의 안전관리를 위해 3D SICS와 같은 과학적인 장비를 개발하여 운영할 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 요소를 보강하여 테러를 사전에 예방할 수 있도록 모든 수단과 방법을 총동원해야 할 때라고 보여 진다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2014

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate preferred herbal medicine packaging. Methods The study used questionnaires for the caregivers, who have administered their children herbal and western medicine. 106 of them were visited the Department of Pediatrics, the Oriental Medicine Hospital of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University, during the period between in 2014. We used PASW Stastics 18.0 to analyze different dosing methods, and preferred packaging and drug formulations. Results 1. 77.4% answered that they use cups to administer medications, 9.4% transferred it to other plastic bottles, 8.5% used straw to drink from the pouch, 4.7% drank as it is inside the pouch. Method of taking it was not very significant depending on the age. 2. Compare to pills and capsules, 48 responders answered that pills and capsules are easier to take, 11 answered herbal medication is easier to take. 32 answered that there were no significant difference. 3. 45.3% reported vinyl pouch was preferable, 44.3% answered spout pouch was preferred, 5.7% answered bottles are convenient, and another 5.7% responders thought cup was fine. Others include syrup bottles had 1 person. These varying preferences were not depending on the age variations. 4. 56.3% answered that price was the main reason why they prefer one over the other. Others 29.2% stated convenience, 12.5% reported safety, and 10.4% people answered ease of administration as their main reason for their preferences. Conclusions Based on this study, numbers of parents felt inconvenient administering herbal medicine as a vinyl pouch, and felt necessary to improve this. However, price and other reasons made vinyl pouch still more preferable option. Vinyl pouch that we are using today didn't show any safety issues. Therefore, it is recommended to still use vinyl pouch, but with caps on top to improve administration and distinguishing issues.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the filtration efficiencies and pressure drops of five commercial cloth masks (4 plate type, 1 cup type) in comparison to the performance of a class 1 disposable respirator (reference respirator). A further objective was to evaluate the effects of the number of layers and wash treatment independently on filtration efficiencies and pressure drops. Methods: Polydisperse NaCl aerosols were generated in an aerosol chamber and their concentrations were measured by an optical particle counter (OPC) in the size range of $0.3{\sim}10{\mu}m$ (five channels). Results: The filtration efficiencies of the five cloth masks and the reference respirator were D: 9.5%, C: 18.5%, E: 23.6%, A: 28.5%, B: 29.7% and R: 91.1%, respectively, and the pressure drops through them were C, D: 0.8 Pa, E: 1.7 Pa, B: 6.4 Pa, A: 42.7 Pa and R: 19.3 Pa, respectively. The filtration efficiencies of the cloth masks and reference respirator were below the class 1 respirator criterion (${\geq}94.0%$) of the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). The pressure drops satisfied the class 1 respirator criterion (${\leq}70Pa$) of MOEL and MFDS. When the cloth masks were folded into two and four layers, the filtration efficiencies of cloth masks A, B, C, D (plate type) increased 1.7-4.6 times, and 2.3-6.8 times, respectively, compared to the efficiencies of the same products in a single layer. Pressure drops increased as the number of layers was increased. The filtration efficiency of cloth mask E with a liner was 1.3 times higher than that of the same mask without a liner, and the pressure drop was lower in the no-liner configuration. After a single washing, the filtration efficiencies of all the cloth mask products decreased 1.04-4.0 times compared to those of the same products intact. For the cloth masks C and E, their filtration efficiencies were significantly decreased after washing (p<0.05). The pressure drops of all cloth masks were 1.2-2.0 times lower after washing. Conclusions: The filtration efficiencies of the five cloth masks were below 30% and did not improve greatly by increasing the number of layers. After a single washing, their performances decreased. Considering the above and other issues identified with cloth masks, such as poor fit and stretched fibers through use, people should not expect protection against particulate matters from the cloth masks on the market.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2009

APC 지정시설과 APC 미지정시설의 선별대와 작업자, 공중낙하균을 대상으로 하여 미생물 오염도를 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 선별대의 경우 일반세균과 대장균군 모두 높은 수준으로 오염되어 있었고 S. aureus와 Salmonella도 검출되었다. 특히 모든 시료에서 S. aureus 의 오염이 매우 높아 제품으로의 직접적인 교차 오염이 우려되었다. 이와 같이 APC 지정시설과 APC 미지정시설간의 미생물 오염도 차이가 거의 없는 것은 기존의 APC 시설이 미생물학적 개념이 없이 단순히 저장의 용도로만 설치되었기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 GAP제도를 도입 운영하기 위하여 APC 시설은 단순한 농산물 저장의 기능뿐만 아니라 2차 오염이 발생할 수 없는 구조를 갖추어 위생적인 선별 및 유통이 이루어져야 하고, GAP 운영의 연장선에서 관리 운영해야 할 것 이다. 아울러 일정한 기간마다 시설에 대한 위해요소 분석을 하여 APC시설의 미생물학적 측면에서의 적절한 유지, 보관 여부를 모니터링 하고, 그 결과를 문서화 하여야 할 것이다.