• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.49 no.8
• /
• pp.719-729
• /
• 2016

Extreme events of rainfall has increased mainly from climate change, resulting in more severe floods intensified by land use development. Appropriate estimation of design floods gets more attention to ensuring the safety of life and property in flood-prone areas for hydraulic structures such as dams and levees. In the current study, we reestimated the design flood of the Nam River Dam to adopt the influence of climatic change of hydrometeorological variables including recent datasets of extreme rainfall events. The climate change scenarios of extreme rainfall events in hourly scale that has been downscaled was used in analyzing the annual maximum rainfall for the weather stations in the Nam River Dam basin. The estimates of 200-year and 10,000-year return periods were calculated to provide a design flood and a probable maximum flood case for the Nam River Dam. The results present that the new estimate employing the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 downscaled data is much higher than the original design flood estimated at the dam construction stage using a 200-year return period. We can conclude that the current dam area might be highly vulnerable and need an enhancement of the dam safety regarding the reduction of damage in Sachen bay from the outflow of Nam River Dam.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of the seasonal and regional distribution of phytoplankton communities in the Fisheries Resources Protection Area of Korea (FRPA). We investigated the phytoplankton composition, abundance and dominant species collected from five different regions (Cheonsu, Tongyeong-I, Tongyeong-II, Hansan, and Jindong) in 2016. According to the results, most environmental parameters, such as temperature, salinity and nutrients, showed statistically significant seasonal differences. Suspended particulate material (SPM) only showed a statistically significant regional difference. The mean abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 13 to $4,062cells{\cdot}ml^{-1}$, with large spatio-temporal fluctuations. In particular, the bloom of phytoplankton (>$10^3cells{\cdot}ml^{-1}$) in Cheonsu Bay occurred in April and October with Skeletonema spp. and Chaetoceros socialis being the dominant species during these two seasons, respectively. The dominant species in the FRPA were diatoms (Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Skeletonema spp., and Chaetoceros pseudocriniuts) and dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella trochoidea and Tripos furca). The seasonal distribution of phytoplankton communities showed typical characteristics of coastal waters, i.e., that diatoms usually dominated in winter and autumn, while dinoflagellates tended to dominate in spring and summer. Meanwhile, the dominance rate of diatoms in the phytoplankton community in Cheonsu Bay, which is located in a high-turbidity region, was 9~27 % greater than that of diatoms in the phytoplankton community found in the south coastal waters, which is a low turbidity region.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 2010

One of the most obvious climatic manifestations of urbanization in Korea is a trend towards higher air temperature. The trends of long-term annual temperature generally well describe the warming of urban areas. The increase of air temperature in urban area has been observed to the present since the meteorological observations in Korea began. The objective of this study is to explore the actual increase and the regional long-term trends of air temperature attributed to urbanization in the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, temperatures of the selected urban areas were compared with that of the surrounding rural areas, with the results varying by the application of the estimates of each region. The second objective is to separate the long-term trend of surface air temperature of global warming from urbanization and to find the actual temperature increase from urbanization in Korean peninsula. For the data analysis, daily air temperatures observed by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) during between from 1961 and 2005 were used at five rural sites and cities. The re-analyzed surface air temperatures by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) was also carried out to compare the result from the observed air temperature in the Korean climate domain. In this study, the urban areas in Korea showed high increase rate of air temperature with $0.4^{\circ}C$ per decade during past 50 year period, while rural sites as Chupungryung with the $0.2^{\circ}C$ decadal increase rate. The analyses reflect that the urban area shows the high rate of temperature increase with $1.39^{\circ}C$ of regression value at the urban area, Seoul, and $0.43^{\circ}C$ at the rural site, Chupungnyeong during the period of 30 years. The temperature increas due to the urbanization only showed the increase range between $0.44^{\circ}C$ and $0.86^{\circ}C$, and the observed decrease in diurnal temperature range at five urban areas during the 30 years period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.581-588
• /
• 2019

A long-term trend analysis of cold water masses along eastern coast of South Korea was performed during summer, based on wind speed, wind direction, and sea surface temperature (SST) data. Wind data collected over a 22-year period (1997-2011) were compared with another set of data collected over the successive 7-year (2012-2018), highlighting a general decrease in the frequency and speed of south winds. However, both the frequency and speed of these winds have been higher in June between 2012-2018, rather than between 1997-2011. The cold water season between July and August was faster during the 7-year period; moreover, the SSTs registered around Gangneung (EN) rose by $0.5^{\circ}C- 1.8^{\circ}C$, while those around Yeongdeok (EC) and Gijang (ES) increased by only $0.1^{\circ}C-0.3^{\circ}C$. The number of cold water days during the 7-year period, compared to those recorded during previous years (1990-2011, satellite SST data by NOAA/AVHRR), decreased in the proximity of Yeongdeok and Gijang, but increased in the proximity of Kangneung. Additionally, the number of cold water days around Kangneung, Yeongdeok, and Gijang increased in June highlighting a geographical and temporal change in the occurrence of cold waters. These observation can be explained by variations in the pressure distribution that should have weakened the East Asian monsoon, affecting the direction and speed of winds that regulate the flow of cold waters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2024

In this study, we analyzed the water temperature variability in the sea area of the Korean Peninsula in August, before and after the typhoon inflow through Typhoon Soulik, the 19th in 2018 that turned right around the Korean Peninsula and passed through the East Sea, and Typhoon Bavi, the eighth in 2020 that advanced north and passed through the Yellow Sea. The data used in this study included the water temperature data recorded in the real-time information system for aquaculture environment provided by the National Institute of Fisheries Science, wind data near the water as recorded by the automatic weather system, and water temperature data provided by the NOAA/AVHRR satellite. According to the analysis, when typhoons with different movement paths passed through the Korean Peninsula, the water temperature in the East Sea repeatedly upwelled (northern winds) and downwelled (southern winds) depending on the wind speed and direction. In particular, when Typhoon Soulik passed through the East sea, the water temperature dropped sharply by around 10 ℃. When Typhoon Bavi passed through the center of the Yellow Sea, the water temperature rose in certain observed areas of the Yellow Sea and even in certain areas of the South Sea. Warmer water flowed into cold water regions owing to the movement of Typhoon Bavi, causing water temperature to rise. The water temperature appeared to have recovered to normal. By understanding the water temperature variability in the sea area of the Korean Peninsula caused by typhoons, this research is expected to minimize the negative effects of abnormal climate on aquaculture organisms and contribute to the formulation of damage response strategies for fisheries disasters in sea areas.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Communication in hospitals is one of the major factors in patient safety. So, the purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intra-organizational communication satisfaction and the safety attitude of nurses in hospitals. Method: A descriptive survey design with convenience sampling was used. Data collection was done using a self-report questionnaire answered by 278 nurses from one university hospital located in Kyeoung-gi Province, Korea. Result: Intra-organizational communication satisfaction positively correlated with safety attitude (r=.747, p<.01). Among the 6 sub dimensions of safety attitude, perceptions of management (r=.675, p<.01), job satisfaction (r=.640, p<.01) and teamwork climate (r=.600. p<.01) were strongly related to intra-organizational communication satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify explanation power of intra-organizational communication satisfaction against safety attitude. The model was significant (F=48.540, p<.01). Intra-organizational communication satisfaction accounted for 60.9% of variance in safety attitude (Adj $R^2$=.609). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that higher levels of intra-organizational communication satisfaction promote positive safety attitude in hospital nurses and that communication media quality is an important factor in patient safety attitude. Therefore, developing interventions to revitalize intra-organizational communication level based on communication media quality will help in the construction of positive safety attitude in nurses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2020

The introduction, construction, and operation of the safety and health management system of specialized construction companies have a problem incurred in the cost of introducing and operating the safety system. In addition, it is difficult to establish a virtuous cycle system to build a safety system, obtain a certification, and settle in a harsh environment that does not have technical personnel in construction safety. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and review the literature related to the safety and health management system of the construction industry and to analyze various research trends such as the actual situation. Through this, it is to find ways to improve the safety and health management system level of specialized construction companies that want to build and obtain the safety and health management system of the construction industry and specialized construction companies that are carrying out the post-assessment and extension examination after obtaining the certification.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.360-369
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The organizational culture of small-scale enterprises is influenced by a lack of awareness of industrial accidents and a business-oriented culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a correlation between chemical awareness and worker safety, which is the reason why a company's safety environment is responsible for human factor accidents. Methods: The research model established the organizational culture, human relationships, organizational relationships, workplace culture, safety climate, and safety parameters, all of which affect the perception of chemical substances, then established safety rankings, communication, safety regulations, and safety support. Results: In order to derive the results of this study, the satisfaction level was mostly derived from the degree of engagement (+) depending on the number of years worked, in the hierarchical regression analysis. During work with chemicals, the number of years spent on the level of the service was determined by the influence of the chemical (-). Based on this company, the occurrence of chemical accidents caused by chemical materials was felt to be felt at the risk of causing the hazard to be felt, the absence of physical damage was excluded from the variables. The other variables detected in the variables were $62.8{\pm}24.4$. Conclusion: As a result, it is necessary to develop a statistical model for the verification of the hierarchical regression analysis, and the relationship between safety and awareness of the dangers of chemicals and biological agents requires periodic safety training. Job satisfaction was found to be higher if the level of awareness was sufficient.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.121-133
• /
• 2020

Globally, the frequency and intensity of abnormal climate events are increasing. Since this can directly damage lives and property, it is important to establish and implement an appropriate maintenance strategy in response to abnormal weather. Facilities built in cold regions where cold wave or heavy snow occurs frequently can be more damaged by freeze-thaw than facilities located in other regions. However, there are no clear criteria for quantitatively identifying the damage of freeze-thaw and how to cope with it. Therefore, based on the results of indoor freezing tests, the freezing conditions considering regional climate characteristics were selected as one day at -14℃, two days at -7℃ or three days at -5℃. As a result, it was confirmed that they were in the freeze-thaw environment in order of Daegwallyeing (8.3 times), Cheorwon (5.3 times) and Taebeak (4.9 times) in Gangwon region. Through this study, the evaluation criteria of freeze-thaw of road tunnels were newly proposed. The freeze-thaw evaluation criteria of the road tunnel presented in this study can be used for the quantitative evaluation and maintenance strategy of tunnels in cold regions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2020

The installation of lightning protection system has recently been increasing, but the amount of damage has still been increasing. In this study, survey (interview) and field conditions were conducted to identify the installation and safety standards of the lightning protection system. it was analyzed that the safety management system is non-existent at the stage of the design, manufacturing and construction of the site lightning protection system, and that the safety inspection of the lightning protection facility is not properly managed. It has been shown that lightning protection systems, that can solve these problems, need to be re-established according to the reality so that safety inspection can be carried out in accordance with safety standards such as management of safety certification products, operation of survey institutions, design, manufacturing, and construction of safety standards at a national level.