• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

The investigation on reliability of ERA-Interim reanalysis wind data was conducted using wind data from the five met masts measured at inland and coastal areas, Jeju island. Shinchang, Handong, Udo, Susan and Cheongsoo sites were chosen for the met mast location. ERA-Interim reanalysis data at onshore and offshore twenty points over Jeju Island were analyzed for creating Wind Statistics using WindPRO software. Reliability of ERA-Interim reanalysis wind data was assessed by comparing the statistics from the met mast wind data with those predicted at the interest point using the Wind Statistics. The relative errors were calculated for annual average wind speed and annual energy production. In addition, the trend of the error was analyzed with distance from met mast. As a result, ERA-Interim reanalysis wind data was more suitable for offshore wind resource assessment than onshore.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

This paper discussed motivation, some theories of motivation and motivation of library personnel. The most important aspect of any organization is its workforce. Motivation arouses, energizes, influences and sustains behaviour and performance of employees. Motivating factors include extrinsic factors which pertain to the conditions under which a job is performed and intrinsic motivators which contribute to job satisfaction and subsequently increase productivity. Two levels of motivation were identified in the library: the need-factor motivation and the profession-related motivation. Need-factor motivation is well-pronounced in the lower cadre of library staff such as library assistants, clerical staff, and porters who set their priority on economic needs. The profession-related motivation occurs among professionally trained librarians whose motivation hinges self-fulfillment derived from professional growth and development. Other motivating factor in the library is job design which includes job rotation, job enlargement, and job enrichment. Job design specifies the contents or methods of any job in such a way that various requirements of a job can be effectively satisfied. Adequate motivation of library employees lies with the managers because they generally control work distribution, freedom and autonomy, work challenge Remove, staff development and training, and advancement opportunities. The managers are urged to create enabling environment to ensure improved commitment, satisfaction, and productivity of employees in the library.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1990

합판(合板)에 내화약제(耐火藥劑) 가압법(加壓法)에 의하여 약 1,588kg/$(30cm)^3$(3.5lbs/$ft^3$)을 주입시켜 내화합판(耐火合板)을 제조(製造)한 후(後), 이들 합판(合板)의 합수율(含水率)을 6%로 유지하면서, 기간은 0, 21, 60, 160 및 215일 동안 온도를 $26.6^{\circ}C(80^{\circ}F)$에 14 시간, $65^{\circ}C(150^{\circ}F)$에서 7시간, $26.6^{\circ}C$로 내리는데 1시간, $65^{\circ}C$로 올리는데 2시간씩으로 순환시켜, 내화처리합판(耐火處理合板)과 무처리합판(無處理合板)의 기계적 성질에 미치는 영향을 조사 비교 하였다. MOE는 내화처리합판(耐火處理合板)과 무처리합판(無處理合板) 사이에 유의성이 없었고, MOR에 있어서 내화처리합판(耐火處理合板)은 무처리합판(無處理合板)에 비하여 15~20% 감소하였고, WML에 있어서 내화처리합판(耐火處理合板)과 무처리합판(無處理合板)사이에 유의성이 있었으며, 두 내화처리합판(耐火處理合板) 사이에도 시간에 따라 유의성이 인정되었다. 따라서 WML은 내화처리합판(耐火處理合板)의 기계적 성질을 구명하는데 좋은 기준이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2018

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a lung infection that develops in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. VAP contributes to about 50% of hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU settings. One of the recommendation of the Institute of for Healthcare Improvement ventilator bundle is HOB elevation. HOB elevation affects shearing forces and makes higher risk for pressure injury development. Pressure injury (PI) is localized damage to the skin over a bony prominence. PI prevention guidelines recommend that HOB positioning should be lower to reduce risk for PI development which contradicts VAP prevention guidelines for the HOB between 30 and 45 degrees for ICU patients. This presents a care dilemma and tension. The purpose of this study was to perform a secondary data analysis using cumulative electronic health record data in order to determine the association of HOB elevation with VAP and PI in ICU patients. A secondary data analysis was conducted to determine whether HOB elevation is associated with VAP and PI. HOB elevation was not likely to be associated with VAP prevention whereas it was likely to be related to PI development. This is somewhat contrary to popular data and publications. Prospective cohort study is desired to inform us in an evidence-based fashion what actually is optimal HOB elevation for ventilated patients in ICU settings.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

To examine the trend on the flowering time in some weather flora including Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Robinia pseudo-acacia in Busan, the changes in time series and rate of flowering time of plants were analyzed using the method of time series analysis. According to the correlation between the flowering time and the temperature, changing pattern of flowering time was very similar to the pattern of the temperature, and change rate was gradually risen up as time goes on. Especially, the change rate of flowering time in C. bipinnatus was 0.487 day/year and showed the highest value. In flowering date in 2007, the difference was one day between measurement value and prediction value in C. bipinnatus and R. pseudo-acacia, whereas the difference was 8 days in P. mume showing great difference compared to other plants. Flowering time was highly related with temperature of February and March in the weather flora except for P. mume, R. pseudo-acacia and C. bipinnatus. In most plants, flowering time was highly related with a daily average temperature. However, the correlation between flowering time and a daily minimum temperature was the highest in Rhododendron mucronulatum and P. persica, otherwise the correlation between flowering time and a daily maximum temperature was the highest in Pyrus sp.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2005

Calcium and zinc binding protein, calprotectin is a multifunctional protein with broad spectrum antimicrobial and antitumoural activity. It was purified from human neutrophil, using a two-step ion exchange chromatography. Since surface hydrophobicity of calprotectin may be important in membrane anchoring, membrane penetration, subunits oligomerization and some biological roles of protein, in this study attempted to explore the effect of calcium in physiological range on the calprotectin lipophilicity. Incubation of human calprotectin ($50\;{\mu}g/ml$) with different calcium concentrations showed that 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence intensity of the protein significantly elevates with calcium in a dose dependent manner, suggesting an increase in calprotectin surface hydrophobicity upon calcium binding. Our study also indicates that calcium at higher concentrations (6, 8 and 10 mM) induces aggregation of human calprotectin. Our finding demonstrates that the starting time and the rate constant of calprotectin aggregation depend on the calcium concentration.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.277-288
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• 2011

The marine unicellular red algal genus Rhodella was established in 1970 by L. V. Evans with a single species R. maculata based on nuclear projections into the pyrenoid. Porphyridium violaceum was described by P. Kornmann in 1965 and transferred to Rhodella by W. Wehrmeyer in 1971 based on plastid features and the non-parietal position of the nucleus. Molecular and fine structural evidences have now revealed that Rhodella maculata and R. violacea are one species, so R. violacea has nomenclatural priority and the correct name is Rhodella violacea (Kornmann) Wehrmeyer. The status of families within Rhodellophyceae was examined. The order Dixoniellales and family Dixoniellaceae are emended to include only Dixoniella and Neorhodella. The order Rhodellales and family Rhodellaceae are emended to include Rhodella and Corynoplastis. Glaucosphaera vacuolata Korshikov and the Glaucosphaeraceae Skuja (1954) with an emended description are transferred to the Glaucosphaerales ord. nov.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.sup
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• pp.50-65
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• 2007

감미료는 감각을 만족시키는 기능을 가지며, 에너지를 공급하는 영양적 감미료와 에너지를 공급하지 않는 비 영양적 감미료로 분류 될 수 있다. 영양적 감미료들은(설탕, 과당 등) 미국 식약청에서는 일반적으로 안전하다고 인식(generally recognized as safe, GRAS) 되고 있다. 그러나 감미료 섭취는 적절한 영양섭취와 건강과 관련하여 아직 많은 우려를 가지고 있다. 첨가당으로부터의 에너지 섭취가 총 에너지 섭취의 25% 이상이면 식사의 질(quality)이 낮아진다. 지난 수 십 년 간, 당 섭취가 행동적인 면에 부정적으로 작용한다는 많은 이론들이 대두되었다. 그러나 포도당은 뇌의 주요 에너지원이다. 포도당의 기억력 향상기능은 모든 연령에서 보고되었으며, 특히 젊은 층보다는 노인에서 더 효과적이었다. 특히 적당량으로 섭취하였을 때 포도당의 섭취는 단어기억, 이야기 기억, 24시간 전에 학습한 정보에 대한 기억, 경계(vigilance)의 향상, 반응시간의 단축, 정신적 계산 능력의 향상, 시뮬레이터 조절에서의 실수감소, 스투르프효과(Stroop effect)의 감소, 지능검사의 향상, 실제사건에 대한 기억력 검사와 웩슬러 척도(Wechsler Scale)에서의 향상과 같은 여러 인지능력 검사에서 좋은 영향을 미친다고 한다. 포도당 용액과 간식의 섭취는 기억력을 개선한다. 아침식사를 거르는 것은 아동들에서 낮은 학습능력을 보인다. 인지능력 변화와 관련 있는 식이는 뇌에 포도당을 공급하는 것과 관련 있다. 과당도 동물실험에서 기억력을 향상시키는 기능이 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문은 당 섭취가 인지능력에 미치는 영향에 대한 과학적인 연구들을 종합하여 정리한 것이다.

• ALGAE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2020

Culture isolates of the genus Hypoglossum (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) were obtained and their development and morphological structure over many years were followed in the laboratory. Molecular data (rbcL, large subunit ribosomal DNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were obtained from these strains and evidence presented to recognize the new species: Hypoglossum sabahense from Sabah, Malaysia. Because various aspects of morphology in culture specimens differ significantly from types based on field specimens we have to rely mainly on the molecular criteria in ascribing a new taxonomic name here. This also is complicated by the major lack of molecular phylogenetic evidence for Hypoglossum and other Delesseriaceae. The 'Germling Emergence Method' and 'serendipity' are proving valuable in discovering significant new taxa from laboratory cultures which otherwise might never be known.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1884-1889
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• 2008

The ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitory protein, BLIP-II, found in the culture supernatant of Streptomyces exfoliatus SMF19, shows no discernible sequence identity with other ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitory proteins identified in Streptomyces spp. A null mutant of the gene encoding BLIP-II (bliB::$hyg^r$) showed a bald appearance on solid media. Although BLIP-II was initially isolated from the supernatant of submerged cultures, sites of BLIP-II accumulation were seen in the cell envelope. Mutation of bliB was also associated with changes in the formation of septa and condensation of the chromosomal DNA associated with sporulation. The bliB mutant exhibited infrequent septa, showing dispersed chromosomal DNA throughout the mycelium, whereas the condensed chromosomes of the wild-type were separated by regularly spaced septa giving the appearance of a string of beads. Therefore, on the basis of these results, it is suggested that BLIP-II is a regulator of morphological differentiation in S. exfoliatus SMF19.