• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2023

The endangered species of Cyathea spinulosa (tree ferns) are among the least concerned ferns of Nepal that bring threats to them and their habitat. A way to reduce such threats is by maintaining a database of species' whereabouts and generating a scientific understanding the habitat preferences. This will eventually help in the formulation of conservation plans for the species. This research aimed to characterize the suitable habitat of C. spinulosa by enumerating the location of species in the Panchase Forests of central Nepal. The statistical index method was applied to relate the occurrence locations of species with various environmental factors for the development of indices. The suitable habitat of C. spinulosa (more and most suitable categories) covered 119 km² and accounted for 43% of the total area studied. 74.4% of occurrence locations of C. spinulosa were recorded from these habitats. The habitat characteristics suitable for C. spinulosa were: proximity to streams (high moisture), land covered by forested area (shady area), mid-elevations of hills about 1,000 m to 2,000 m (sub-tropical climate), slope gradient of 20° to 40° (steep slopes), and northern to eastern aspects. These habitat characteristics could be considered for in-situ protection of tree ferns and designating the conservation plots.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2013

This study was carried out to propose the new procedure to apply Habitat Evaluation Procedure(HEP) of target species using delphi technique, which is suitable to develop endangered species with few researches and ecological knowledges. To identify habitat quality of specific species in development project site, we can develop habitat model and create habitat suitability maps. In this study, we select the Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus) as target species in four areas(Paju, Siheung, Ansan, Hwaseong) which is located near the Seoul metropolitan area. The Delphi technique was selected to get the reliable information on the species and habitats requirements. Through the delphi approach, seven habitat components were determined as suitable variables for the Common Kestrel: density($n/km^2$) of small mammals, area($km^2$) of bare-grounds, pasturelands and riparian, and open area(%), spatial distribution and area of croplands, landscape diversity, breeding sites(tall trees, cliffs, high-rise buildings), and the length of shelf. Habitat variables used in this model were classified into two categories: % of suitable land-cover type(open areas, croplands, pasturelands, wetlands, and baregrounds) and the quality of feeding sites(within 250m from edges of woodlands). Habitat quality of the Common Kestrel was assessed against occurred sites derived from the nationwide survey. Predicted habitat suitability map were closely related to the observed sites of the endangered avian species in the study areas. With the habitat suitability map of the Common Kestrel, we assess the environmental impacts with habitat loss after development project in environmental impact assessment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2022

Background: We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Pedicularis hallaisanensis, a Grade II Endangered Species in South Korea. To determine the habitat variables, we conducted a literature review on P. hallaisanensis with a specific focus on the associated spatial factors, climate, topography, threats, and soil factors to derive five environmental factors that influence P. hallaisanensis habitats. The specific variables were defined based on the collected data and consultations with experts in the field, with the validity of each variable tested through field studies. Results: Mt. Seorak had a suitable habitat area of 2.48 km² for sites with a score of 1 (0.62% of total area) and 0.01 km² for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Bangtae had a suitable habitat area of 0.03 km² for sites with a score of 1 (0.02% of total area) and 0 km² for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Gaya showed 0.13 km² of suitable habitat for sites with a score of 1 (0.17% of total area) and 0 km² for sites with a score of 0.9. Lastly, Mt. Halla showed 3.12 km² of suitable habitat related to sites with a score of 1 (2.04% of total area) and 4.08 km² of sites with a score of 0.9 (2.66% of total area). Mt. Halla accounts for 73.1% of the total core habitat area. Considering the climatic, soil, and forest conditions together with standardized collection sites, our results indicate that Mt. Halla should be viewed as a core habitat of P. hallaisanensis. Conclusions: The findings in this study provide useful data for the identification of core habitat areas and potential alternative habitats to prevent the extinction of the endangered species, P. hallaisanensis. Furthermore, the developed HSI model allows for the prediction of suitable habitats based on the ecological niche of a given species to identify its unique distribution and causal factors.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.894-905
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• 2010

바다숲 조성 해역에 대상 해조류의 최적 적지를 도출하기위해 서식지 평가 방법을 이용하였다. 서식지 평가 방법은 HEP(Habitat Evaluation Procedure)를 이용하여 대상 해조류가 서식하기에 적합한지를 고려하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 바다숲 조성 해역에서 바다숲을 시설하기에 최적으로 예측되는 곳을 계량적으로 선정할 수 있었으며, 적지 선정에는 수심의 변화에 따른 인자인 광조건과 파랑의 변화 여부가 적지의 공간적 변동에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 선정된 적지의 총 면적은 18ha로 분석되었으며, 서식 적합 지수(Habitat Suitability Index, HSI)에 의해 분석된 서식지의 질을 계량화한 결과 0.55~0.907(최고치는 1.0) 사이의 범위를 보였고, 선정된 적지가 등 수심선 방향을 따라 분포하고 있기 때문에 바다숲 조성지에 기반 시설인 해중림초를 투하할 때, 수심에 수평 방향의 띠 형태로 시설하는 것이 가장 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2000

본 연구는 최근 하천유지유량에서 중요한 위상을 차지하고 있는 하천생태계에서 어류 서식처를 보전하고 복원하는데 필요한 적정 유량을 산정하는 것이 주된 목적이다. 어류 서식처를 적절히 유지할 수 있는 연과 월갈수량을 산정한다. 이 갈수량을 이용하여 점변 흐름에서 어류 서식처 제공에 필요한 수심과 유속을 모의하고, 또한 수온과 용존산소를 예측한다. 예측된 각 갈수량별 서식 조건과 각 성장단계별 어류 서식처 요구 조건을 도식적으로 비교하다. 이 과정을 남한강의 달철 본류에 위치한 3개 여울 구간에 적용하였다. 달천의 대표어종으로 피라미를 산정하였다. 달천의 피라미(Zacco paltypus)성장단계별 서식처 유지를 위한 적정유량은 수질보다는 수리 조건에 좌우되며, 그 양은 10년 빈도 연갈수량에서 2.33년 빌도 7일 연속갈수량까지의 범위를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2008

The purpose of this study are to compare existing presence-absence predictive models and to predict suitable habitat for Goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus raddeanus) that is an endangered and protected species in Seoraksan national park using the best model among existing predictive models. The methods of this study are as follows. First, 375 location data and 9 environmental data layers were implemented to build a model. Secondly, 4 existing presence-absence models : Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Addictive Model (GAM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were tested to predict the Goal habitat. Thirdly, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) and Kappa statistics were used to calculate a model performance. Lastly, we verified models and created habitat suitability maps. The ROC AUC (Area Under the Curve) and Kappa values were 0.697/0.266 (GLM), 0.729/0.313 (GAM), 0.776/0.453 (CART), and 0.858/0.559 (ANN). Therefore, ANN was selected as the best model among 4 models. The models showed that elevation, slope, and distance to stream were the significant factors for Goal habitat. The ratio of predicted area of ANN using a threshold was 31.29%, but the area decreased when human effect was considered. We need to investigate the difference of various models to build a suitable wildlife habitat model under a given condition.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2022

Background: The Korean scarlet dwarf, Nannophya koreana Bae (Odonata: Libellulidae), is anendangered dragonfly with an increasing risk of extinction owing to rapid climate changes and human activities. To prevent extinction, the N. koreana population and their habitat should be protected. Therefore, suitable habitat evaluation is important to build the N. koreana restoration project. The habitat suitability index model (HSI) has been widely used for habitat evaluation in diverse organisms. Results: To build a suitable HSI model for N. koreana, 16 factors were examined by seven experienced researchers. A field survey for N. koreana observed sites and spatial analysis were conducted to improve the model. Five factors were finally selected by this procedure (crown density, open water surface, water depth, pioneer plant cover, and type of water source). Finally, the N. koreana HSI model was generated with the five adjusted factors based on interview, field survey, and spatial analysis. This model was validated by a current N. koreana habitat in 2021. With this model, 46 sites in Uljin-gun, Korea, were surveyed for N. koreana habitats; five sites were identified as core habitats and seven as potential core habitats. Conclusions: This model will serve as a strong foundation for the N. koreana restoration project and as a reference for future studies on N. koreana and other endangered insect populations. Further analysis and long-term data will improve the efficacy of this model and restore endangered wildlife.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.764-772
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• 2018

꼬막은 갯벌에서 자연 발생, 양성, 수확의 단계를 거치기 때문에 기초적인 서식지 특성 파악과 함께 단계적인 대체 서식 지역에 대한 탐색이 필요하다. 현재 꼬막은 타 종에 비해 자연적으로 발생된 치패의 의존도가 높은 반면, 자연 서식지는 한정적이어서 생물자원이 감소되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 꼬막 적지선정을 위해 천수만에 위치한 창기와 호포, 가로림만의 당산, 사창, 왕산 총 5개 정점을 선정하여 서식지 적합인자를 조사하였다. 환경(Environment)에 관련된 함수율과 유기물 함량, 생존(Survival)에 관련된 니질 함량과 퇴적물 평균입도, 성장(Growth)에 관련된 클로로필a, 총 5가지 서식지 적합인자들의 상관성을 고려하였다. 그 결과 가로림만에 위치한 왕산이 꼬막 주요 서식지의 환경 특성 적합도(왕산: 87점, 당산: 86점, 사창: 81점, 호포: 78점, 창기: 73점)가 가장 높았다. 퇴적환경은 천수만에 비해 가로림만이 더 세립 하였고, 계절적인 변동이 낮아 적합한 환경으로 나타났다. 따라서 가로림만이 꼬막의 잠재적인 적지로 더 적합하며 공간활용이 용이할 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 이러한 잠재적인 적지 탐색과 선정을 통해 꼬막의 생물자원과 생산량 감소에 따른 문제점들을 해소할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.567-578
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 주요 용재수종인 잣나무와 삼나무, 편백에 대한 종 분포 예측 모델의 결과를 앙상블하여 기후 시나리오에 따라 현재, 근미래, 먼미래의 서식 적합지를 예측하였고 잣나무와 삼나무, 편백의 기후변화 시나리오별 분포 적합지를 분석하였다. 특히, 잣나무를 삼나무와 편백이 대체할 수 있는지 평가하였다. 기준연도(현재) 잣나무의 매우 적합한 서식지는 전국의 약 13.87%를 차지하지만 SSP5-8.5 하의 먼미래에서는 약 0.11%까지 낮아진다. 삼나무의 경우 기준연도의 서식 적합지는 약 7.08%이며 SSP5-8.5하의 먼미래에서는 약 18.21%까지 증가한다. 편백의 경우 기준연도의 서식 적합지는 약 19.32%이며 SSP5-8.5 하의 먼미래에서는 약 90.93%까지 차지하는 것으로 예측되었다. 전국적으로 조림하던 잣나무는 기후변화의 영향으로 서식처가 점차 북상하여 우리나라에서 적합한 서식처가 크게 감소하였으므로 21세기 중반 이후에는 국내에서 용재수종으로 조림하기에는 부적합하며 높은 수준의 서식 적합도를 갖는 편백이나 삼나무로 대체될 필요가 있다고 전망된다. 특히, 편백은 대부분의 영역에서 잣나무를 대체 가능하며, 삼나무의 경우 남해안과 중부지방 일부분을 대체할 수 있다고 평가되었다. 결론적으로 미래에는 조림하는 용재수종의 변화가 생길 것이며 다양한 수종을 대상으로 한 연구를 통해 기후변화에 대응하는 방안이 마련되기를 기대한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1134-1136
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• 2003

In this research, GIS based evaluation methods were applied to habitats of Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus Schlegel) in northern Honshu. The study area was divided into 828 small watershed units , and five GIS indexes, Vegetation Type（V.T.）, Extent of Forest Cover (E.F.C.) Slope Incline (S.I), Average Altitude (A.A.) and Road Density(R.D.), were used to evaluate each watershed unit in terms of suitability as black bear habitat. In addition, Interspersion and Juxtaposition spatial indices were calculated for each watershed unit. The results clearly identified the regions with the most suitable habitats, indicating that this methodology is suitable for application to various environmental planning efforts, such as regional development master plans, project-specific environmental impact assessments, species management plans and biodiversity conservation plans.