• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

Energy consumption is the largest contributing factor for the increase of $CO_2$ emissions and amounts for almost 85% of all emissions. The future energy consumption of Korea is projected to grow exponentially despite its heavy dependence on imported energy that represents 97% of its total energy supply. According to a recent OECD report the carbon emission level of Korea is currently ranked 9th in $CO_2$ emissions, and is growing by almost 3% every year. Against this background, the Korean government introduced the "low carbon green growth" policy in 2008. As the global challenges intensified in the wake of the world economic crisis, Korea has been working hard in raising the visibility of its efforts at the club governance meetings, in particular the G-20 summit. Because of cooperative efforts with major member countries, the G-20 summit agenda has been significantly diversified to include long-term issues such as climate change, development issues, and global health. To achieve an effective green recovery for a new green world economic order, the G-20 summit leaders should concentrate on a strategy of establishing green governance for a global STI cooperation. Korea as the host country is poised to leverage the Seoul G-20 summit to catalyze global efforts toward a new green economic order.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.199-229
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• 2013

S&T policy long treated as a sector policy is now solidifying its position as an infrastructure innovation policy that forms the foundation for many different policies. There is a growing need for enhancing the linkage and integration between policies by strengthening planning and coordination functions of the government organizations in charge of innovation policy. The major countries including Japan, U.S., Finland elevated planning and coordination roles and emphasized the interaction between S&T-society and innovation governance in response to emergence of the third-generation innovation policy. This study deal with several issues related STI governance from the post-catchup innovation and holistic innovation policy and examine arguments on governance design. And then new schemes and alternatives of 1)governance design for sustainability, 2)design of policy coordination and integration mechanism, 3)reorganization of S&T administration system will be discussed.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.106-131
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• 2016

The general purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for and to measure existing collaboration on research and development between institutions from the countries of Asia and Latin America in FEALAC's framework, in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their convergence. The methodological approach includes scientific and technological surveillance and research seeking to identify both the R&D and innovation capacities of the countries as well as the degree of international cooperation between countries of the two regions; case studies and a study of the governance framework of international collaboration in R&D about issues considered global challenges. The study has three main findings. First, nanotechnology, biotechnology and their convergence contribute to solving the problem of contamination by heavy metals affecting most of the countries that are part of FEALAC and to address problems arising from the accelerated rate of energy consumption, which also contributes to environmental damage. In this scenario, important business opportunities arise from the adaptation and development of bio-refinery technologies. Second, the scientific relationship between FEALAC countries, mainly between Asian and Latin American countries, is weak as can be seen in research for articles and patents. But there is plenty of room and potential for improvement. Third, current and upcoming joint R&D programs and projects should be linked both to existing governance structures and to new ones that serve as experiments of STI public policy regarding innovative management of intellectual property and capacity building. Practical implications are included in lessons learned and a set of recommendations involving a couple of proposals. One proposal calls for research and innovation in promising fields for international cooperation. Another proposal creates mechanisms in the governance framework for sharing knowledge, capacity building, and funding.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-88
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• 2011

This paper presents theoretical discussions on socio-techical system transition, by shedding light on the STS context. With a rising attention paid by STI policy researchers, the socio-technical system perspective seems particularly promising in applying to the pursuit for the sustainable development. The normative strand in STI policy research has been strongly influenced by the STS tradition that emphasizes active and participatory roles not only of academian but also of science and technology. Throughout reviewing the development of the socio-technical system perspective, its theoretical components of environment, drivers and dynamics are discussed, often being linked to older perspectives. STI policy involves in socio-technical transition in a manner of transition management and governance, which is the final part of this paper.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-110
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• 2015

Science and technology diplomacy has become an important policy agenda because of its diplomatic utility and enhancing of international science networks. However, different countries possess different objectives and governance of S&T diplomacy. In this context, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: what are the similarities and differences of S&T diplomacy in countries and what shapes these characteristics? To answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative case study with five countries - Switzerland, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States - whose S&T diplomatic programs are highly recognized and benchmarked by other countries. A useful typology is devised to conduct a systematic comparison. For S&T diplomatic objectives, this paper suggests five types by elaborating concepts from the previous literature: access diplomacy, promotion diplomacy, public aid diplomacy, functional diplomacy, and global leadership diplomacy. Also, in terms of a governance model for S&T diplomacy, three models - a sciencecentered model, a science-outsourcing model and a top-down coordinating model - are suggested based on leadership organization. This paper reveals the different characteristics of the selected countries in S&T diplomacy. While the selected countries pursue almost every type of S&T diplomatic objective, the US and the UK tend to conduct influence-based diplomacy more than other countries do. In addition, different countries each have unique governance models for S&T diplomacy. While more research is necessary for vigorously testing the causes of different objectives and their relationship with governance models, this paper suggests more general policy implications throughout. The strength of the country's S&T base is fundamentally important for the success of S&T diplomacy. However, domestic S&T assets need to be transferred to its diplomatic capabilities. In this sense, the appropriate governance that fits best with the country's S&T mission should be established, while S&T communities should increasingly play a leadership role in evolving global S&T networks.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-62
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• 2010

Whatever the country, nanotechnology features as a key priority of most national research and innovation policies. This focus on nanotechnology is due to the promises of this general purpose technology, this new technological wave. As 'one size does not fit all', policies supporting its development cannot just adopt the 'best practices' of the preceding wave. We argue that specific on-going dynamics of nanoscience and technology production justifies the existence of dedicated nanotechnology policies. It also questions the portfolio of instruments mobilized and their balance. In this article, we discuss policies developed for the preceding technological waves and, based on the characteristics of nanosciences and technologies, propose five dimensions of policies to be taken into consideration for their governance at the country and cluster levels.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-92
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• 2010

Recent years have seen an intensified discussion in many OECD countries about the role and mission of public research in the innovation system. This discussion takes place in quite specific national contexts, but should benefit from international experience. However, whereas voluminous literatures address the changing governance methods, organizational forms and missions of universities, much less attention has been devoted to developing a common understanding of the challenges faced by non-university public research institutions. The main goals of this paper is to contribute to clarifying the nature of these challenges, outlines possible policy answers and draws some implications for Korea. In the first section, the paper uses available internationally comparable indicators to review trends in the contribution of government research institutes (GRIs) to R&D and innovation activities. In the second section, the paper identifies the current major changes in the dynamics of innovation that may call for further adjustments in the positioning, organization and steering of public research institutes. Finally, the paper outlines some strategic objectives and orientations for the reform of public research institutes as part of the broader agenda of the Korean innovation strategy.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-108
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• 2023

Science, technology and innovation (STI) has expanded the activity of actors from the traditional physical territory to the cyberspace. Data-driven platform services and markets advance new discussions on cross-border cooperation and cyber security, as well as discourse on sovereignty in cyberspace. These changes are also affecting the hegemony competition between the US and China. In particular, competition for aid to developing countries that are located along major resource transportation routes, such as natural gas and deep sea resources, is fierce. ASEAN is not only a geopolitical military and security point where the US and China powers collide, but its population of 600 million has great potential for the development of the digital economy due to its data resources. In this regard, this article aims to connect the discourse of liberalism and authoritarianism with data regulation and cybersecurity in international development cooperation, and derive implications for ASEAN integration through this. This study has significance as a convergence study that links international political issues related to big data in terms of global governance.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.833-859
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• 2011

This study aims to draw the characteristics of the regional operation system of the shared research instrument service, which contributes to the R&D investment efficiency by the avoidance of duplicated research instrument investment and the enhancement of the network collaboration. So from the perspective of technology infrastructure policy and regional innovation system, Gyeonggi region of Korean metropolitan area has been analyzed for the case study. The case study has been conducted by 2 step process of within-case analysis and cross-case analysis. Firstly, the characteristics of operation system of the shared research instrument have been examined through various research methods. Secondly, in the cross-case analysis, the examined issues and problems have been organized by the matrix of 3 organizational governance characteristics and 4 issues to facilitate the regional policy approach. The issues deducted by the cross-case analysis have been deducted as (1) 'usage fee charge system', 'relevant method for the performance index and measurement of the instrument service management' for the regional policy led case, (2) 'performance management issue', 'financial and managerial accounting system for the instrument operating division', and 'change of budget support scheme' for the joint operation case and lastly (3) 'usage facilitation after the expiration of research lab support project' for the university led case.