• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of CAD/CAM system milling tool wear on the marginal and internal fit of PMMA implant interim prosthesis three-dimensional manner. Methods: A total of 20 crowns were fabricated with CAD/CAM method. Their designs were unified to first molar of the left maxilla. The Customized abutments were prepared and scanned with on optical model scanner. Five crowns were milled by the newly replaced tool (1st milling), and 15 crowns were milled by 2nd, 3rd, 4th milling tool. The marginal and internal fit of 20 interim crowns were measured using the triple-scan protocol. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the $1^{st}$ milling group ($51.8{\pm}14.6{\mu}m$) and the $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ milling group ($128.6{\pm}43.8{\mu}m$, $146.2{\pm}38.1{\mu}m$, respectively) at the distal margins. In the mesial margins, There was a statistically significant difference between the $1^{st}$ milling group ($63.6{\pm}25.9{\mu}m$) and the $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ milling group ($137.2{\pm}25.9{\mu}m$, $186.8{\pm}70.6{\mu}m$, respectively). In the distal line angle, significant difference was found between the $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ milling groups and the $4^{th}$ milling group. In the mesial axial wall, significant difference was found between the $1^{st}$ milling group ($52.2{\pm}20.3{\mu}m$) and the $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ milling groups ($22.8{\pm}8.8{\mu}m$, $7.8{\pm}5.7{\mu}m$). Conclusion: As a result of the experiment, decrease of the marginal and internal fit was statistically significant as the number of machining cycles increased. In order to produce clinically excellent restorations, it is recommandable to consider the condition of the milling tool wear, when designing the restoration with CAD program.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of the induced molting with low-protein and energy diet on the postmolt performance of layers. Eighty White Leghorn layers (61-old-wk) with over 80% egg production were used for 12 weeks in this work. Treatments were non-molt control (CO), fasting treatment for 10 days (FW), molt treatment with low-protein and low-energy molting diet for 3 weeks (LO), and molt treatment with standard molting diet for 3 weeks (ST) as 4 treatments (2 replications/treatment and 10 birds/replication). Body weight (BW) loss was 26.5% of initial BW at 2 week in FW treatment, and was 17.3% and 14.2% in both LO and ST treatments (P<0.05). Layers in molting treatments were fed with commercial layer diet after completion of molting since BW of layers was recovered for 7 weeks. Heart weight ratio was shown as 0.47, 0.43, 0.46 and 0.46% at CO, FW, LO and ST treatments, respectively, and liver weight ration of body weight was shown as 2.56, 1.30, 1.47 and 1.52%, respectively. Thus, those of molting treatments decreased compared to non-molt control (P<0.05). Oviduct weight ratio were shown as 3.95, 1.17, 1.54 and 1.67%, respectively, and similar with the results of liver (P<0.05). Feed intake decreased at LO and ST treatments during molting period and increased from the 5th week compared to control. Egg production decreased at 1 week in molt treatment and stopped at 2 week in FW, 3 week in LO, and 4 week in ST treatments. The birds started to lay egg at 4 week in FW and at 5 week in LO and ST treatments. Egg production was recovered until 50% at 6 week in FW and was recovered as 66.1 and 71.6% at 8 week in LO and ST treatment, respectively. Egg weights were similar among all treatments. Eggshell thicknesses were 0.41, 0.47, 0.46 and 0.46 mm at CO, FW, LO and ST treatment, respectively, but the higher in molt treatments than control (P<0.05). Eggshell breaking strength was 3.83 and 3.81 kg/$cm^2$ in FW and LO treatment, respectively, and high compared to control. However, eggshell breaking strengths were 3.54 and 3.78 kg/$cm^2$ and were not statistically different. Haugh units were 75.6, 81.1, 80.6 and 79.9 in 4 treatments and high in molt treatment. Finally, dietary low-protein and low-energy may induce molt as few effect on performance of layers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2000

Objectives : Acupuncture is expected to have somewhat like the efficacy parallel increasing activity of immune system in Western modem medicine. There, already, are many animal researches on activating effect of acupuncture for the immune system in peripheral organs. So, we carried out this experiment to see whether acupuncture has controlling effect on interleukin-6(IL-6) activity in rat's brain. Methods and Results : We had topical application of IL-6(1U=lpg, $10{\mu}l$) on brain of rat. It reduced afferent sensory transmission to the primary somatosensory(SI) cortex from periphery. Whereas, electrical stimulation(ES, 2Hz, 1.5V, 15min) of ST36(足三里) with application of IL-6 prominently activated afferent sensory transmission. ES of non-acupoint(proximal tail) with IL-6 showed suppression of afferent transmission. ES of ST36 without IL-6 application also exerted facilitation of afferent transmission to the SI cortex. Conclusions : Electoacupuncture(EA) on ST36 has noticeable influences on modulating activation of IL-6 in central nervous system, which do major role in immune system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.294-300
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify physicochemical properties such as chemical composition, size, shape and crystal structure of powder byproducts generated from a metallization process and its 1st scrubber in the semiconductor industry. Methods: Powder samples were collected from inner chambers during maintenance of the W-plug process equipment (using tungsten hexafluoride as a precursor material) and its 1st scrubber. The chemical composition, size and shape of the powder particles were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). The crystal structure of the powders was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: From the SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS analyses, O and W were mainly detected, which indicates the powder byproducts are tungsten trioxide ($WO_3$), whereas Al, F and Ti were detected as low peaks. The powder particles were spherical and nearly spherical, and the particle size collected from the process equipment and its 1st scrubber showed 10-20 nm (agglomerates: 55-90 nm) and 16-20 nm (agglomerates: 80-120 nm) as primary particles, respectively. The XRD patterns of the yellow powder byproducts exhibit five peaks at $23.8^{\circ}$ $33.9^{\circ}$ $41.74^{\circ}$ $48.86^{\circ}$ and $54.78^{\circ}$ which correspond to the (200), (220), (222), (400), and (420) planes of cubic $WO_3$. Conclusions: We elucidated the physicochemical characteristics of the powder byproducts collected from W-plug process equipment and its 1st scrubber. This study should provide useful information for the development of alternative strategies to improve the working environment and workers' health.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.241-245
• /
• 2007

Objective : So called "minimally invasive procedures" have evolved from chemonucleolysis, automated percutaneous discectomy, arthroscopic microdiscectomy that are mainly working within the confines of intradiscal space to transforaminal endoscopic technique to remove herniated epidural disc materials directly. The purpose of this study is to assess the result of endoscopic spinal surgery and favorable indication in the thoracolumbar spine. Methods : The records of 71 patients, 73 endoscopic procedures, were retrospectively analysed. Yeung Endoscopic Spine Surgery system with 7 mm working sleeve and $25^{\circ}$ viewing angle was used. The mean follow up period was 6 months [range, 3-9]. Results : Operated levels were from T12-L1 disc down to L5-L6 of S1 disc. Of 71 cases, 2 patients underwent transforaminal endoscopic surgery twice due to recurrence after initial operation. MacNab's criteria was used to assess the outcome. Favorable outcome, excellent of good, was seen in 78% [57 procedures] of the patients. Among 11 fair outcomes, only 1 procedure was followed by secondary open procedure, laminectomy with discectomy. Two of 5 poor outcomes were operated again by same procedure which resulted in fair outcomes. One patient with aggravated cauda equina syndrome remained poor and a lumbar fusion procedure was performed in other patient with poor outcome. There were 2 postoperative discitis that were treated with conservative care in one and anterior lumbar interbody fusion in the other. Conclusion : Evolving technology of mechanical, visual instrument enables minimal invasive procedure possible and effective. The transforaminal endoscopic spinal surgery can reach as high as T12-L1 disc level. The rate of favorable outcome is mid-range among reported endoscopic lumbar surgery series. Authors believe that the outcome will be better as cases accumulate and will be able to reach the fate of standard open microsurgery.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 1987

Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (AFLNH) with well marginated lymphoid masses, is a rare benign disease of unknown etiology. The majority of the disease develop intrathoracically. Histologically this disease can be divided into the hyaline-vascular and the plasma cell types with the hyaline-vascular type prevailing. The plasma cell variant has been associated with nephrotic syndrome, anemia, growth failure, fever, hyperglobulinemia, peripheral neuropathy, and hypoalbuminemia. Surgical resection is known to be treatment of choice in most cases, and radiotherapy is reserved for advanced, unresectable lesions. We report a complete remission of AFLNH in a case treated by sugical excision followed by irradiation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2003

Development of new ceramic and esthetic need of patient increased the use of ceramic restorations. The purpose of this study was to confirm the possibility of recycling for IPS Empress2 which has a lot of advantages in esthetics. 1st, 2nd and 3rd pressed disc-shaped($10{\times}1.5mm$) IPS Empress 2 specimens were made with IPS Empress ingot(shade 200, Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) and pressing furnace(IPS Empress EP 500, Ivoclar, Liechtenstein). Flexure strength was measured with universal testing machine(Zwick 145641, Zwick, Germany), and color change and staining resistance of specimens were evaluated with colorimeter (Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co., Japan). The followings were drawn from this study : 1. Flexure strength of the 1st, the 2nd, and the 3rd pressed specimens showed 236.78 MPa. 247.16MPa, and 220.72MPa, respectively. Flexure strength of the 2nd pressed specimens was higher than others, but there's no statistical difference between them. 2. The color difference between the 1st and the 2nd pressed specimens was 3.25, and that between the 1st and the 3rd pressed specimens was 3.63(P<0.05). 3. The color change after staining of the 1st, the 2nd. and the 3rd pressed specimens were 1.43, 2.64, and 1.45, respectively. In this study, reused IPS Empress 2 specimens showed insignificant change of flexure strength and stain resistance, but they showed some color change according to reuse. From this results, the limited possibility of reuse for IPS Empress 2 could be considered.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2015

Blastocystis sp. is a common zoonotic intestinal protozoa which has been classified into 17 subtypes (STs). A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in villagers living on the Thai-Myanmar border, where the risk of parasitic infection is high. A total of 207 stool samples were collected and DNA was extracted. PCR and sequencing using primers targeting small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene were performed. The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 37.2% (77/207). ST3 (19.8%; 41/207) was the predominant subtype, followed by ST1 (11.6%; 24/207), ST2 (5.3%; 11/207), and ST4 (0.5%; 1/207). A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method based on the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano + G + I model. The percentage of bootstrapped trees in which the associated taxa clustered together was relatively high. Some sequences of Blastocystis positive samples (TK18, 39, 46, 71, and 90) were closely related to animals (pig and cattle) indicating zoonotic risks. Therefore, proper health education in parasitic prevention for the villagers should be promoted to improve their personal hygiene. Further longitudinal studies are required to monitor the prevalence of parasitic infections after providing health education and to investigate Blastocystis ST in animals living in these villages.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.523-526
• /
• 2008

Minimally Invasive repair of pectus excavatum using a metal bar, as advocated by Nuss, has been broadly accepted recently for its aesthetic aspect. There are and various treatment methods, as welt. Pectus excavatum may be accompaniedso many modified repair methods have been developed and performed. We report a case of a 33-year-old woman with pectus excavatum and breast hypoplasia, which were simultaneously corrected using a substernal steel bar and mammoplasty.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.26 no.11
• /
• pp.856-860
• /
• 1993

We performed serial pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas analysis at preoperative period and postoperative 1st week in 337 patients who underwent pulmonary resection from May 1988 to April 1992 at Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul adventist hospital. Follow-up study for PFT and ABGA were possible in 30 % of the patients at postoperative 3rd or 4th month. In patient who underwent pneumonectomy, VC was decreased from 57.7% to 46.1%, FVC was decreased from 53.5 % to 41.2 % and MBC also decreased from 68.1% to 49.6 % at postoperative 1st week. But ABGA revealed that POa-, was increased from 87.2 mmHg to 92.7 mmHg, and PCO2 was decreased from 43.2 mmHg to 35.9 mmHg at postoperative 1st week. In patients who underwent lobectomy, VC was decreased from 78.1% to 68.30 %, FVC was decreased from 72.5% to 55.3% and MBC was decreased from 73.5% to 68% at postoperative 1st week.But, ABGA revealed that PO2 was increased from 95.2 mmHg to 97.9 mmHg and PCO2 was decreased from 42.3 mmHg to 39.0 mmHg at postoperative 1st week. The pulmonary function recovered at postoperative 3rd or 4th month and its ratio to preoperative value was 90% in lobectomy cases, but in pneumonectomy cases VC and MBC were recovered 20% and 15 % above the preoperative values. We concluded that resection of atelectasis, destructed lung, open negative and open positive cavity in the pulmonary tuberculosis were beni~t to improve ventilation-perfusion ratio,and pulmonary function was recovered nearly to preoperative level at postoperative 3rd or 4th month.