• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study examines the degree of empowerment recognized by the 1st paramedics and the trend of their critical thinking, analyzes correlations between empowerment and critical thinking to reveal whether there is statistically significant difference between them and then is to provide basic materials necessary for research on empowerment and critical thinking. Method: This study distributes 105 structured self-report questionnaires to the 1st emergency medical technicians working at fire fighting police boxes, general hospitals, clinics and emergency medical information centers in G Metropolitan City and J province from April 29 to May 28, 2006, collects their responses directly and analyzes results with t-test, F-test(ANOVA) and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Result: 1. First, average score of empowerment of subjects was 4.68 out of 6 and according to scores by area, capacity 5.98 was highest, followed by significance 5.41, self- determination 4.44 and effectiveness 3.79. 2. degree of empowerment according to general characteristics of subjects showed statistically significant differences in final education(F=2.714, p= .049), level of salary (F=3.298, p= .014) and satisfaction of current job (F=5.399, p= .001). 3. average score of critical thinking of subjects was 3.28 out of 7 and according to areas, no bias 3.95 was highest, followed by maturity 3.68, structure 3.35, inquisitiveness 3.11, pursuit of truth 3.07, critical thinking and self-confidence 3.00, analyticity 2.98. 4. degree of critical thinking by general characteristics of subjects showed statistically significant differences in age(F=2.577, p= .041), final education (F=7.877, p= .000), current workplace (F=3.513, p= .018), level of salary(F=4.628, p= .002), satisfaction with current job(F=6.879, p= .000) and intention to transfer current job(t=15.21, p=.000). 5. as a result of correlations between empowerment and critical thinking of subjects, Pearson correlation coefficients between whole empowerment and critical thinking were r= .21, p=.013. Conclusion: It is considered that the 1st paramedic managers must seek how to keep and manage empowerment and development of education and training program which can enhance critical thinking is needed. Further, emergency educators must develop educational program based on the concept of empowerment to establish early awareness of a desirable organization culture and increase understanding of empowerment in the process of education.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제81권4호
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2018

Background: Roflumilast is the only approved oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with chronic bronchitis and a history of frequent exacerbations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of adverse effects associated with roflumilast treatment in a real-world setting. Further, we compared the incidence of adverse effects and the discontinuation rate among patients receiving different doses. Methods: We identified all outpatients diagnosed with COPD at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital between May 2011 and September 2016 and retrospectively reviewed their medical records. Roflumilast was prescribed to patients in doses of $500{\mu}g$ and $250{\mu}g$. Results: A total of 269 COPD patients were prescribed roflumilast in our hospital during the study period. Among them, 178 patients were treated with $500{\mu}g$ and 91 patients were treated with $250{\mu}g$. The incidence of adverse effects was 38.2% in the $500{\mu}g$ group and 25.3% in the $250{\mu}g$ group (p=0.034). The discontinuation rate of roflumilast was 41.6% (n=74) in the $500{\mu}g$ group and 23.1% (n=21) in the $250{\mu}g$ group (p=0.003). When adjusted by age, sex, smoking status, and lung function, $500{\mu}g$ dose was significantly associated with the discontinuation of roflumilast (odds ratio, 2.87; p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a lower incidence of adverse effects and discontinuation among patients treated with $250{\mu}g$ compared with $500{\mu}g$ dose. Further studies regarding the optimal dose of roflumilast are required.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.993-1011
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 각 집단별 노년기 장애발생과 변화에 관련이 있는 영향요인들을 분석하는 것으로 노동연구원의 "한국고령화연구패널(Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging: KLOSA)" 1차(2006년)와 2차(2008년) 기본조사자료를 사용하였다. 연구대상은 65세 이상 남성노인 1,454명(41.7%), 여성노인 2,032명(58.3%)으로 총 3,486명이다. 노년기 장애는 ADL장애와 IADL장애를 측정하였으며 전체노인을 정상노인, 만성질환노인, 치매의심노인, IADL장애노인, ADL장애노인으로 나누어 장애발생과 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 2006년에 장애가 없는 노인들이 2008년에 장애가 발생하는데 영향을 미치는 요인들로는 부상, 시력제한, 인지능력저하, 우울, 건강행태, 사회경제적 특성, 연령 등을 들 수 있다. 부상과 시력으로 인한 일상생활제한 등의 경험은 2006년에 정상노인들이 2년 후 치매의심증상 발생이나 장애발생에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 2006년에 인지능력저하를 경험한 노인들은 2년 후 치매의심증상이 나타날 확률이 정상노인의 2배 이상으로 나타났다. 2006년의 만성질환자가 우울증을 갖고 있는 경우는 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 2년 이후 장애가 발생할 확률이 1.8배 높게 나타났다. 그 외에 흡연과 규칙적 운동의 경험뿐만 아니라 사회경제적 특징들도 비장애노인의 장애발생에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 2006년에 장애를 이미 갖고 있는 장애노인들의 2년 후 장애수준변화에서는 ADL장애노인의 경우는 유의미한 변수가 나타나지 않았으나 IADL장애노인의 경우는 도구적 지지를 적게 받을수록, 연령이 증가할수록 장애수준이 악화되는 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 노년기장애발생을 예방하고, 장애악화를 지연시키기 위해서 다양한 수준의 개입이 필요함을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Soyeom Pharmacopuncture on postauricular pain accompanied acute peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : We observed thirty peripheral facial palsy inpatients with postauricular pain at Cheonan oriental hospital of Daejeon university from Jan. 1st, 2009 to July 31th, 2009. These inpatients were divided into two groups; Group A was treated using general treatment and Group B was treated using general treatment and Soyeom Pharmacopuncture on the posterior ear area. Results : 1. Postauricular pain was significantly decreased in Group B. 2. Duration of postauricular pain was significantly reduced in Group B. 3. Improvement of facial paralysis was not significantly different between Group A and Group B. Conclusions : Soyeom Pharmacopuncture has significant effects on a postauricular pain accompanied with peripheral facial paralysis.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국초전도저온공학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.189-192
• /
• 2002

In this study, The experimental open-tube-type and close-tube-type thermoacoustic refrigerator were constructed. The resonant characteristics of a thermoacoustic refrigerator were investigated. In order to determine the optimum resonant tube length and frequency, We changed the length of resonant tube from 400mm to 850mm and the frequency from 100Hz to 1000Hz. In case of first harmonic, the temperature difference of open-tube-type (1/4 wave) refrigerator was $41^{\circ}C$(resonator length :500mm). The temperature difference of close-tube-type (1/2 wave) refrigerator was $43^{\circ}C$(resonator length :850mm). In this experiments, the experimental 1/2 wave refrigerator is slightly cooler than the experimental l/4 wave refrigerator.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 1998

These experiment was carried out to investigate the pulmonary lesions and the function of alveolar macrophages in rats exposed to cement dusts. 1. The number of total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL) increased remarkably in 1st month. As time goes by, tend to less and less in numbers. 2. The number of neutrophil and lymphocytes obtaining from the total cell of BAL increased remarkably in first month, but as time goes by, they tended to grow less and less in number. Macrophages decreased gradually after being temporarily augmentation. 3. Histipathologically, the thickening of alveolar walls, alveolar interstitial, and infiltrated macrophages containing cement dusts.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 1978

Optical properties were studied in the costal waters of the southern part of Korea based on twenty oceanographic stations from 1 st to 9 th February, 1977. Submarine daylight intensity was measured by using an underwater luxmeter (Toshiba No.9). Daylight intensity in the upper 30m depth layer was measured at 1 m depth interval. The absorption coefficient of the sea water in the area ranged from 0.101 to 2.539 (mean 0.578). The Secchi-disc depth in the area ranged from 0.8 to 13 meters (mean 5.33 meters). The relationship between absorption coefficient (K) and transparency (D) was k= 1. 704/ D. The mean water color in the area was 5. 75 (3-9) in Forel scales. The rates of light penetration for daylight at 1m layer in the area ranged from 13.18 to 82. 05% and the mean was 59.56%, while the rate at 5m layer ranged from 0.007 to 46.1% and the mean was 18.47%.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 2004

Volatile oil components were analysed in Perilla frutescens accessions collected from different regions in South Korea and identified chemotypes based on the major volatile oil components. Major components out of 30 compounds identified were limonene, perillaldehyde, perillaketone, isoegomaketone, beta-caryophyllene, beta-farnesene, myristicin, and dillapiole. P. frotescens collections were classified into four chemotypes : PA type (57.7% limonene and 19.8% perillaldehyde), PK type (89.8% perillaketone), ST type (82.4% sesquiterpene, as 54.5% beta-caryophyllene and 27.9% beta-farnesene) and PP type (40.3% phenylpropenes as 13.6% myristicin and 26.7% dillapiole) and 37.8% sesquiterpenes. The majorities of P. frutescens collections in this study belong to PA type (41.9%) and PK type(38.8%).

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2006

A modified Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) numerical method is used to predict the dynamics of a liquid drop of a low viscosity dilute polymer solution, forming in air from a circular nozzle. Viscoelastic effects are rep-resented using an Oldroyd-B model. Predicted drop shapes are compared with experimental observations. The main features, including the timing of the shape evolution and the 'bead-on-a-string' effect, are well reproduced by the simulations. The results confirm published conclusions of the third author, that the deformation is effectively Newtonian until near the time of Newtonian pinch-off and that the elastic stress becomes large in the pinch region due to the higher extensional flow there.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 1990

Thirteen patients underwent repair of atrioventricular septal defect [AVSD] from January 1980 to July 1989 at Kyungpook National University Hospital. Two patients had complete AVSD [Rastelli type A] and eleven patients had partial AVSD [ostium primum atrial septal defect and cleft of anterior mitral leaflet]. In all the patients of partial AVSD, atrial septal defect was closed with Dacron patch and the mitral cleft was approximated with interrupted simple sutures. In one patient of complete AVSD, one patch technique was used to close the atrial and ventricular septal defect, and in the other patient of complete AVSD, two patch technique was used. In six patients, there were associated anomalies; four had isolated ostium secundum ASD, two had patent foramen ovale. Postoperative complete A-V block was noted in a patient of partial AVSD, but it was returned to 1st degree A-V block 30 months later and in another case of partial AVSD, severe congestive heart failure [NYHA functional class IV] due to residual mitral insufficiency was developed postoperatively, but this patient was recovered to the state of functional class I after receiving mitral valve replacement. There was one hospital death [8 %] resulting from low cardiac output.