• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.221-226
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• 2017

Purpose: Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131, a multidrug-resistant clone causing extraintestinal infections, has rapidly become prevalent worldwide. However, the epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric infections are poorly understood. We aimed to explore the characteristics of ST131 Escherichia coli isolated from Korean children with urinary tract infections. Methods: We examined 114 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates from children hospitalized at Chung-Ang University Hospital between 2011 and 2014. Bacterial strains were classified into STs by partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes (adk, fumC, gyrB, icd, mdh, purA, and recA). Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility were compared between ST131 and non-ST131 UPEC isolates. Results: Sixteen UPEC isolates (14.0%) were extended-spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase$ (ESBL)-producers; 50.0% of ESBL-producers were ST131 isolates. Of all the isolates tested, 13.2% (15 of 114) were classified as ST131. There were no statistically significant associations between ST131 and age, sex, or clinical characteristics, including fever, white blood cell counts in urine and serum, C-reactive protein, radiologic abnormalities, and clinical outcome. However, ST131 isolates showed significantly lower rates of susceptibility to cefazolin (26.7%), cefotaxime (40.0%), cefepime (40.0%), and ciprofloxacin (53.3%) than non-ST131 isolates (65.7%, 91.9%, 92.9%, and 87.9%, respectively; P<0.001 for all). ESBL was more frequently produced in ST131 (53.3%) than in non-ST131 (8.1%) isolates (P<0.01). Conclusion: ST131 E. coli isolates were prevalent uropathogens in children at a single medical center in Korea between 2011 and 2014. Although ST131 isolates showed higher rates of antimicrobial resistance, clinical presentation and outcomes of patients were similar to those of patients infected with non-ST131 isolates.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 1971

Cu(II) chelates of several sulfanilamide derivatives (Sulfa-Cu) were prepared and their effects on solubility, absorptivity in intestinal lumen, biding tendency with serum protein and erythrocytes, concentration in rabbit blood, and acetylation rate were studied in comparison with their free ligand forms. For solubility concerned, the partition coefficients of Sulfa-Cu are decreased as following order: Sulfadimethoxine Copper chelate (SDM-Cu), Sulfamethoxypyridazine Copper chelate (SD-Cu), Sulfamerazine Copper chelate (SM-Cu), Sulfaisoxazole Copper chelate (SIX-Cu). The partition coefficients of SDM-Cu and ST-Cu were much greater than those of ligands. this phenomenone acounts for the rapid absorption of SDM-Cu and ST-Cu in the rat small intestine (in situ). The Sulfa-Cu were absorbed at the intestinal lumen of a rat in the rate of first order and there was no difference between long acting sulfa drugs and their Cu0chelates in biological half lives. In binding experiments, sulfa-Cu binded with serum protein in lower ratio than their ligands except SIX-Cu. On other hand, acetylation rates of sulfa-Cu were higher than those of free sulfa drugs and the acetylation rate were higher than those of free sulfa drugs and powder. In a experiment on Sulfa-Cu concentration in rabbit blood, the half lives of SD-Cu, SIX-cu, ST-Cu, and SM-Cu were longer than those of their ligands. Above all, the half life of SD-Cu appeared to be approximately 3.5 times logner than that of corresponding ligand, SD. When absorption of sulfa drugs or sulfa-Cu at the small intestinal lumen of a rat and the concentration in rabbit blood after absorption were compared, it was found that there was not always conrrelated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.222-237
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• 2002

Effects of high and low levels of feeding with or without protected protein on the performance of lactating goats were studied. Twenty four German Fawn goats either from 1st ($43.37{\pm}3.937$ kg and 2 year old) or 3rd $62.64{\pm}6.783$ kg and 4-5 year old) parity were used for the trial. Feeding levels were 7.2 (I) and 5.2 (II) MJ ME/litre of milk of 3.5% fat in addition to that of the maintenance allowance. At each feeding level, diet had either unprotected (U) or formaldehyde protected (P) soya-meal. Thus, four diets were IU, IP, IIU and IIP, having six animals in each. The diets were composed of hay and pellet (10:4:1 of beet pulp : barley : soya-meal). Effect of feeding level, protein protection, parity, health status and kid number on intake, milk yield, milk composition, growth rate of goats were recorded across the 21 weeks of study. High feeding level resulted increase (p<0.001) in estimated metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP) availability. Dietary inclusion of protected soya-meal increased (p<0.001) the estimated MP but not the ME availability. Animals in 1st parity ate more (p<0.001) DM (111 vs. 102 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d) than those in 3rd parity. Animals with twin kids (110 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d) had higher (p<0.001) DM intake than those with single kid (102 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d). Fat (4%) corrected milk (FCM) yield was not effected by high (1,924 g/d) or low (1,927 g/d) feeding level but increased (p<0.001) with protected (2,166 g/d) compared with unprotected (1,703 g/d) soya-meal. FCM yield for four dietary combinations were 1,806, 2,078, 1,600 and 2,254 g/d for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively. For unit increase (g) in estimated MP availability relative to ME (MJ) intake, FCM yield increased ($1,418{\pm}275.6$) g daily ($r^2$=0.58; p<0.001). Milk fat (3.14 vs. 3.54%; p<0.001) and protein (2.94 vs. 3.04% p<0.05) contents were lower at high than the low feeding level. Protected protein increased (p<0.001) the fat, lactose and net energy (NE) content of milk. Milk urea concentration of 175, 183, 192 and 204 mg/l for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively indicated lower RDP content of these diets. The RDP contents were 6.97, 6.70, 7.30 and 6.83 g/MJ of ME for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively. Live weight change over the experimental period were 41, 6, 17 and 19 g/d. Absence of any positive response of high feeding was probably due to inefficient rumen fermentation resulting from inadequate RDP supply. Protected protein improved production performance apparently by increasing MP:ME ratio in the absorbed nutrient.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 1996

Purpose : Aseptic meningitis is relatively frequent in children and caused mostly by enterovirus. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of early diagnosis (spinal tapping) on symptom duration of childhood aseptic meningitis. Methods : One hundred fifty-three children who were hospitalized due to aseptic menigitis in the Department of Pediatrics St. Benedict Hospital from July 1996 through October 1996 were included in this study. Patients were divided to two groups according to the duration from first symptom onset to diagnosis. Early diagnosis group is diagnosed within 3 days from first symptom onset. Later diagnosis group is diagnosed after 4 days from first symptom onset. Results : 1) The average age of these patients was 4.3 years old in early diagnosis group and 4.1 years old in later diagnosis group. The sex ratio(male: female) was 2.04:1 in early diagnosis group and 2.5:1 in later diagnosis group. 2) The mean duration of diagnosis of this study was 2.04 day in early diagnosis group and 5.12 day in later diagnosis group. 3) The percentage of symptom and sign of the early diagnosis group were fever(100%), headache(88.4%), vomiting(86.9%), abdominal pain(39%), neck stiffness(36.2%), skin rash(18.8%), diarrhea(16.9%) and that of later diagosis group were fever(100%), headache(83.3), vomiting(80.9%), abdominal pain(47.6%), neck stiffness(41.6%), skin rash(29.7%), diarrhea(16.6%). 4) Initial CSF findings revealed leukocyte $146.8{\pm}386.3/mm^3$ with PMNL 38%, protein 32.47mg/dl, sugar 66.23mg/dl in early diagnosis group and leukocyte $458.1{\pm}663.2/mm^3$, protein 31.22mg/dl, sugar 64.21 mg/dl in later diagnosis group. 5) There was no statistically significant differance in the peripheral blood findings between early diagnosis group and later diagnosis group. 6) The duration of disappearance of symptom after spinal tap were 2.3 days in early diagnosis group and 2.24 days in later diagnosis group. Total symptom duration was 4.34 days in early diagnosis group and 7.36 days in later diagnosis group. Conclusions : Our results demonstrate that early diagnosis(early spinal tap) shortened duration of clinical symptoms.

• Journal of Endocrine Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2018

Purpose: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family plays a crucial role in the growth of malignant tumors. EGFR and human EGFR 2 (HER2) protein overexpression are associated with an unfavorable prognosis and are important therapeutic targets in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between EGFR and HER2 expression and clinicopathological factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at a single institution. Methods: A total of 129 consecutive patients with PTC were enrolled in this study and underwent thyroid surgery between October 2013 and February 2015. EGFR and HER2 protein expression was evaluated in the 129 primary tumors by immunohistochemistry, and the results were compared with the clinicopathological features. Results: Of the 129 PTC tumors, 20 (15.5%) were HER2 positive, and 109 (84.5%) were HER2 negative. Moreover, EGFR positivity were observed in 111 (86%) tumors. The mean age of the patients was $46.3{\pm}11.9years$ (range, 20-74 years), and the mean tumor size was $1.08{\pm}0.75cm$ (range, 0.2-3.5 cm). Tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, histological subtype, and TNM stage were not significantly associated with EGFR or HER2 expression. Meanwhile, high Ki-67 labeling index was significantly associated with EGFR expression (P=0.002), HER2 expression was significantly associated with younger age (${\leq}45years$) and cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Based on our data, it is not clear whether EGFR and HER2 expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness in PTC.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.512-519
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• 1997

To investigate the energy, protein, lipid, and lactose intakes of breast-fed infants of lacto-ove-vegetarians, 25 infants(13 boys, 10 girls) were examined on the 0.5th, 1st, 2nd, and 3nd months of lactation. The amount of breast milk intake was determined by a test-weighing method, and the energy content of protein, lipid, and lactose was calculated using the Atwater factor. Thedaily energy intake for boys averaged 316, 436, 447, and 431kcal and that of girls averaged 284, 399, 401, and 390kcal during lactation, respectively. Average energy intake of boys from milk from 2nd week to the 3rd month postpartum was significantly higher than that of girls(p<0.05), because milk intake volume of boys was much higher than that of girls. The protein intake of boys on 2nd week-3rd month averaged 7.33g/day and that of girls averaged 6.29g/day. The lipid intake of 2nd week, months averaged 21.8g/day and that of girls averaged 20.1g/day. The lactose intake of boys averaged 45.48g/day, while that of girls averaged 41.09g/day. The mean intake of protein and lactose in boys was significantly higher than that of girls.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) tagging method on the blood indices and PSAT attachment efficiency of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (mean body weight 10.2 kg). Based on tagging method, the fishes were divided in four different groups: untagged (control), single anchor (SA), dual anchor (DA), and silicon tube (ST). The blood indices and PSAT attachment efficiency were investigated on days 1, 14, and 28 after tagging PSAT on the muscle below the dorsal fin for each tagging method in triplicates. After 28 days of tagging with PSAT, a significant increase was observed in plasma glucose level in the ST group and in total protein level in the DA and ST groups. The levels of glucose, total protein, and total cholesterol in the SA group after 28 days of tagging were significantly lower than in the control group. The efficiencies of PSAT attachment were 0% in the SA and DA groups on 14 days post-tagging, and 66.7% in the ST group on 28 days post-tagging. The study results indicate that the proper PSAT tagging method is the ST type. The information obtained in this study presents valuable data that provide the required PSAT operational tool for industrial development and ecological monitoring of yellowtail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the pH, extractability of protein, ATPase activity of myofibrillar protein, myofibrillar fragmentation, freezing loss and drip loss during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$ in breast and leg muscle of spent-hen meat. pH values ill pectoral and leg muscle were lowest ell tile 1st day and 1st week during cold and frozen storage, respectively. The extractabilities of myofibrillar proteins were increased graduall during cold storage and were highest on the 1st week during frozen storage, The $Mg^{2+}-ATPase$ activities of myofibrillar proteins were highest on the 1st day and 1st week during cold and frozen storage, respectively. The myofibrillar fragmentations were greatly changed on the 1st day during cold storage and 1st week during frozen storage. Freezing losses and drip losses were increased gradually during frozen storage. pH values in breast muscle were lower than those of leg muscle, and the extractabilities, $Mg^{2+}-ATPase$ activities, fragmentations of myofibrillar proteins, and drip losses in breast muscle were higher than those of leg muscle during storage, but the patterns of the changes in both muscles were similar during storage.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.217-225
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• 2001

Objectives and Mtthods : In order to study on the Effect of Strychni Semen aqua-acupuncture on the arthritis induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant to the right posterior planta of rat's foot, rats were divided 5 groups equally, one group was not treated(Normal) and the other groups were induced arthritis by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant(Control, ST, SS, SST). Control was not treated after injecting of Freund's complete adjuvant. ST was 0.2cc Saline-injected Group at Chok-Samni(ST36) either days during 2 weeks after injecting of Freund's complete adjuvant. SS was 0.2cc Strychni Semen-subcutaneous injected group either days during 2 weeks after injecting of Freund's complete adjuvant. SST was 0.2cc Strychni Semen-injected group at Chok-Samni(ST36) either days during 2 week after injecting of Freund's complete adjuvant. And then effect of Strychni Semen aqua-acupuncture on the edema, numbers of blood WBC, platelet, hematocrit, contented quantities of total protein, albumin in rats with F.C.A were measured. Results : The following results have been obtained. 1. In effect of Strychni Semen aqua-acupuncture on plantar edema, SS showed significant decrease compared with control. 2. In effect of Strychni Semen aqua-acupuncture on WBC, SS and SST showed significant decrease compated with control. 3. In effect of Strychni Semen aqua-acupuncture on platelet, SS and SST did not show significant decrease. 4. In effect of Strychni Semen aqua-acupuncture on hematocrit, SST showed significant increase compared with control. 5. In effect of Strychni Semen aqus-acupuncture on the contents quantity of total protein and albumin, SS showed significant increase compared with control: Conclusions : Accoring to this result, Strychni Semen aqua-acupunture inserted into Chok-Samn i(ST36) appeared to have effect on Adjuvant arthritis of rats. Therefore it is oxpected that Strychni Semen aqua-acupunture may be available clinically.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.386-390
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• 2017

$Birt-Hogg-Dub{\acute{e}}$ syndrome (BHDS) is a rare disease with autosomal dominant inheritance that manifests through skin tumors, pulmonary cystic lesions, and renal tumors. A mutation of FLCN located on chromosome 17p11.2, which encodes a tumor-suppressor protein (folliculin), is responsible for the development of BHDS. We report the case of a patient presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax, in whom a familial genetic study revealed a novel nonsense mutation: $p.(Arg379^*)$ in FLCN.