• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.663-670
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• 2006

국내에서 제조된 서방출형 유전자재조합 돼지 성장호르몬 (porcine somatotropin; pST)이 돼지의 성장과 등지방두께에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 평균체중이 78kg인 랜드레이스 거세돈 48두를 공시하여 대조구, 4:1제형 rpST구 (6회 투여), 1:1제형 rpST구 (4회 투여), 4:1제형 rpST구 (4회 투여)에 각각 12두씩 배치하였다. 대조구는 pST를 투여하지 않았고, rpST 처리구는 1주일에 1회, 목 근육에 서방형 제재를 주입하였는데, 6회 투여구는 개시부터 2주까지는 100mg을, 3주부터 6주까지는 125mg을, 4회 투여구는 개시부터 2주까지는 100mg을, 3주부터 4주까지는 125mg을 투여하였다. 시험사료는 라이신 함량이 0.9%인 시판 육성돈사료를 무제한 급여한 결과 (주) LG 화학에서 제조한 서방출형 유전자재조합 pST는 증체량 및 사료요구율을 개선시켜 생산성 향상과 등지방두께 감소로 육질이 향상되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.98-98
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• 2018

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts of leaves (ST-L) and branches (ST-B) from Sageretia theezans in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B blocked LPS-induced degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ and nuclear accumulation of p65, which resulted to the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B also attenuated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, ST-L and ST-B increased HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP reduced the inhibitory effect of ST-L and ST-B against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of p38 activation and ROS elimination attenuated HO-1 expression by ST-L and ST-B, and ROS elimination inhibited p38 activation induced by ST-L and ST-B. ST-L and ST-B dramatically induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, but this was significantly reversed by the inhibition of p38 activation and ROS elimination. Collectively, our results suggest that ST-L and ST-B exerts potential anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling activation, and activating HO-1 expression through the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 via ROS-dependent p38 activation. These findings suggest that ST-L and ST-B may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drug to treat acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.81-83
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• 2023

• 미생물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 1988

수리학적 방법을 이용하여 낙동강 하구에서 분리한 종속영양세균을 분류하였다. 70%의 유사도로 나눈 결과, 정점 l에서 분 리한 균주는 14 clusters로, 정점 2에서 분리한 균주는 17 clusters로, 정정 3에서 분리한 균주는 17 clusters로, 정점 4에서 분리한 균주는 15 clusters로 구분되었다. 각 cluster의 주요 생리학적 및 형태학적 특성으로 분류한 결과, 정점 1에서의 우점 종은 AeroηlOnas, Vibrio, Alcaligenes로, 정점 2에서는 Alcaligenes로, 정점 3에서는 Aeromonas, Vibrio, Moraxell $\alpha$-Acinetobacter group으로, 정점 4에서는 Pseudomonas로 판명되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 1984

The author has sought to determine the time and the sequence of permanent teeth eruption in Korean children. The study group consisted of 15,671 healthy children (male 8,015 ; female 7,656) aged 5-13 years old who lived in Seoul or Cheongju. The results were as follows : 1. The eruption times of permanent teeth were 0.45 years earlier in females than in males. 2. The ages corresponding to $ER_{50}$ of permanent teeth were as follows : In Maxilla 1) central incisor was 7.37 yrs 2) lateral incisor was 8.50 yrs 3) canine was 10.83 yrs 4) 1st premolar was 10.30 yrs 5) 2nd premolar was 11.09 yrs 6) 1st molar was 6.49 yrs 7) 2nd molar was 12.79 yrs In Mandible 1) central incisor was 6.40 yrs 2) lateral incisor was 7.41 yrs 3) canine was 10.18 yrs 4) 1st premolar was 10.26 yrs 5) 2nd premolar was 11.15 yrs 6) 1st molar was 6.32 yrs 7) 2nd molar was 12.05 yrs 3. The eruption sequence of permanent teeth by Z-test was as follow: In Male 1st : Mandibular 1st molar, and Mandibular central incisor 2nd : Maxillary 1st molar 3rd : Maxillary central incisor 4th : Mandibular lateral incisor 5th : Maxillary lateral incisor 6th : Mandibular canine, Maxillary and Mandibular 1st premolar 7th : Maxillary canine 8th : Maxillary and Mandibular 2nd premolar 9th : Mandibular 2nd molar 10th : Maxillary 2nd molar In Female 1st : Mandibular 1st molar, and Mandibular central incisor 2nd : Maxillary 1st molar 3rd : Mandibular lateral incisor, Maxillary central incisor 4th : Maxillary lateral incisor 5th : Mandibular canine, Maxillary and Mandibular 1st premolar 6th : Maxillary canine 7th : Maxillary and Mandibular 2nd premolar 8th : Mandibular 2nd molar 9th : Maxillary 2nd molar 4. The corresponding permanent teeth in the mandible generally erupted earlier than the corresponding permanent teeth in the maxilla by an average of 0.73 years, but the mean eruption time of mandibular 1st premolars was almost the same as those of maxillary 1st premolars, and the mean eruption time of mandibular 2nd premolars was 0.06 years later than those of maxillary 2nd premolars. 5. There is no significant difference between left and right arch in the eruption time and sequence. 6. Generally, the ages of permanent teeth eruption tended to be earlier than those of Dr. Cha's data from 1963.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1945-1952
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• 2008

Sialylation, the attachment of sialic acid residues to a protein, can affect the biological activity and in vivo circulatory half-life of glycoproteins. Human ${\alpha}2$,3-sialyltransferase (${\alpha}2$,3-ST) and ${\beta}1$,4-galactosyltransferase (${\beta}1$,4-GT) are responsible for terminal sialylation and galactosylation, respectively. Enhanced sialylation of human erythropoietin (EPO) by the expression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT was achieved using recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (EC1). The sialic acid content and sialylation of N-glycans were evaluated by HPLC. When ${\alpha}2$,3-ST was expressed in CHO cells (EC1-ST2), the sialic acid content (moles of sialic acid/mole of EPO) increased from 6.7 to 7.5. In addition, the amount of trisialylated glycans increased from 17.3% to 26.1 %. When ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT were coexpressed in CHO cells (EC1-GTST15), the degree of sialylation was greater than that in EC1-ST2 cells. In the case of EC1-GTST15 cells, the sialic acid content increased to 8.2 and the proportion of trisialylated glycans was markedly increased from 17.3% to 35.5%. Interestingly, the amount of asialoglycans decreased only in the case of GTST15 cells (21.4% to 14.2%). These results show that coexpression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT is more effective than the expression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST alone. Coexpression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT did not affect CHO cell growth and metabolism or EPO production. Thus, coexpression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT may be beneficial for producing therapeutic glycoproteins with enhanced sialylation in CHO cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.404-413
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• 2008

Major objectives were to evaluate effects of three schemes of bST-supplementation of Holstein cows (142.8 mg/14 d, POSILAC) during the prepartum and/or postpartum periods through 63 d (${\pm}3d$) of lactation. Measures evaluated the potential of treatments to improve body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), provoke changes in plasma concentrations of somatotropin (ST) and IGF-I, and improve milk yield, milk composition (percentages of protein and fat, and somatic cell counts), and several calving variables. Multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments (TRT) to give four groups (I = no bST, n = 26; II = bST postpartum, n = 25; III = bST prepartum, n = 27; IV = bST prepartum and postpartum, n = 25). During the prepartum period, cows in groups I and II were not supplemented but those in groups III and IV were supplemented every 2-wk beginning 21 d before expected calving date through calving. During the first 63 DIM only cows in groups II and IV were supplemented with bST. From 64 DIM through the end of lactation cows in all groups were supplemented with the full lactation dose of bST (500 mg/14 d). The BW and BCS were recorded weekly throughout the prepartum and postpartum periods and every 2-wk beyond 70 DIM. Blood samples were collected 3-times a week for analyses of ST and IGF-I. Milk yields were recorded daily though 150 DIM. Prepartum supplementation of bST did not affect BW or BCS, but mean concentrations of ST were increased 12.2% and were 15.5% greater at calving. Overall, mean concentration of IGF-I was not affected by treatment but concentrations were greater at 1 and 2 wk before calving in bST-supplemented cows. During the first 63 DIM the BW and BCS were not affected by treatment. Significant effects of bST-supplementation were detected on concentrations of ST, IGF-I and on milk yield compared to non-supplemented cows in group I. Postpartum concentrations of ST were greater in bST-supplemented cows (TRT II and IV; +41.9 and 54.6%). However, concentrations of IGF-I were greater only in cows in group IV (+25.9%) during the postpartum period. Overall, the three bST-supplemented groups had greater actual milk yield than the control group (I) during the first 63 and 150 DIM. The actual milk yields during 63 and 150 DIM were 6.5 and 4.6 kg/d greater for cows in group IV than cows in group I and the 305-d ME milk yield also was 15.6% greater. No adverse effects of TRT were observed on calf birth weight, colostrum immunoglobulins, ease of calving or other measures evaluated.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1985

Ciguatoxin 구조 연구의 일환으로 파랑비늘돔 중에 서 독성분을 추출하였는데 Scarus sordidus만 근육과 내장에 독이 있었으나, S.frenatus, S.scaber and S.pectorlis에는 모두 독이 없었다. 실리스산컬럼에서 얻은 조독을 DEAE-셀루로즈 컬럼상에서 콜로로포름, 클로로포름-메타놀 (1 : 1) 및 메타놀로 전개하였더니 클로로포름 유출액(ST-1) 과 클로로포름-메타놀(1 : 1) 유출액에서 독성분이 발견되었고, 메타놀 유출액에서는 독성분이 검출되지 않았다. ST-1과 ST-2을 silica gel 60F-254에 spot하여 클로로포름-메타놀-물-식초산 (90 : 9.5 : 0.2 : 0.3)으로 전개하였더니, 그Rf값이 각각 0.60-0.75, 0.30-0.54였다. DEAE-셀루로즈 컬럼에서 얻은 ST-1을 재재크로마토그라피 하여도 역시 ST-1과 ST-2로 나누어졌다. 이렇게 얻은 ST-1과 ST-2는 세파텍스 LH-20에 흡착시켜, 클로로포름-메타놀(1 : 1) 용매로 전개할 때, 머무름시간이 모두 같았고, 역상 LiChrosorb RP-18를 이용한 HPLC상에서도 머무름시간이 동일하였다. 또 순수한 $ST-1\;(1.10\;{\mu}g)$ 그리고 이것을 1 N NaOH로 처리한 것 $(1.13\;{\mu}g)$을 활성도V인 알루미나 컬럼에 흡착시켜 클로로포름-메타놀 혼합액으로 전개하였더니 알카리처리를 하지 않는 경우는 $0.35\;{\mu}g)$가 클로로포름-메타놀의 9 : 1, 1 : 1 유출액에서, $(0.55\;{\mu}g)$가 메타놀-물 (1 : 1) 유출액에서 검출되었으나, 알카리처리를 한 경우는 처음 독성의 50%가 소실되어, 클로로포름-메타놀 (9 : 1) 유출액에서 $(0.21\;{\mu}g)$, 메타놀-물 (1 : 1) 유출액에서 $(0.80\;{\mu}g)$ 검출되었다. 하면 morey eel내장에서 얻은 독물질도 DEAE-셀루로즈에서 ST-1 과 ST-2로 나누어지며, 이 ST-1의 TLC, HPLC 및 알루미나 컬럼상의 거동이 파랑비늘돔에서 얻은 ST-1의 그것과 같으므로 scaritoxin으로 보고한 ST-1은 ciguatoxin의 형태인 less polar cigutoxin (LPCTX) 으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

목적 : 족삼리($ST_{36}$) 자침이 유방 조직에 미치는 혈역학적 변화를 측정하기 위하여 diffuse optical imaging 기법을 사용하였다. 방법 : 실험에 사용한 쥐는 자침을 하지 않은 대조군 7마리, 자침을 한 실험군 7마리로 총 2개의 군으로 나누었다. 몸무게 170g 정도의 건강한 암컷 쥐는 100% 산소와 1.5% isoflurane을 혼합한 것을 이용하여 마취 시켰다. 자침은 경골 조면에서 2mm 외측에 위치한 지점인 족삼리($ST_{36}$)에 20분간 시행하였다. 자침을 시작할 때와 자침 후 10분에 각각 침을 5회 회전하였다. Diffuse optical imaging system을 이용하여 자침하는 동안 의 산화혈색소(OHb), 탈산소혈색소(RHb), 총 혈색소(THb)와 조직 산소 포화도($StO_2$)의 변화를 측정했다. 결과 : 실험 결과 족삼리($ST_{36}$) 자침을 시행한 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의성이 있는 OHb, RHb, THb의 증가와 유의성이 없는 $StO_2$의 감소가 나타났다. 결론 : 이러한 결과 족삼리($ST_{36}$) 자침이 혈류를 증가시키고 동시에 세포 대사 활동을 증가 시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 diffuse optical imaging 기법으로 족삼리($ST_{36}$) 자침 시의 유방 조직의 산소공급과 혈류량의 변화를 확인할 수 있었고, 이는 비침습적으로 자침의 효과를 측정하는 데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

The behavior of the 2-stage spray was studied by using the schlieren method with the high pressure common-rail injection system. The spray injected 2 times with the interval of $0.3ms{\sim}1.5ms$ between the 1st and the 2nd spray in a modeled combustion chamber of constant volume bomb. In this case, the quantity of injected fuel of 1st and 2nd also changed. The schlieren photograph shows that the 2nd spray goes further away than the 1st spray when the quantity of the 1st spray is less than that of the 2nd spray. The dispersion of the vapour to the combustion chamber is not affect in a 10% of 1st spray quantity. When the 1st spray quantity is more than the 2nd spray, the vapour scattering of spray is good.