• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1009-1017
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• 2004

인간유래 시알산전이효소 유전자들의 특이적 발현과 그들의 mRNA isoform의 생성에 대한 조절기구를 이해하기 위하여 5종류의 human 시알산전이효소 유전자(hST3Cal II, hST8Sia II, hST8Sia III, hSTS8Sia IV, hST8Sia V)들의 게놈구조를 분석하였다. hST3Gal II 유전자는 17 kb이상의 게놈상에 46 bp에서 1017 bp의 길이를 가진 exon이 6개로 이루어져 있고, hST8Sia III유전자는 10 kb이상의 게놈상에 125bp에서 2023bp의 길이를 가진 exon이 4개로 이루어져 있어 다른 human 시알산전이효소 유전자들보다 짧고 단순한 구조를 가지고 있었다. 반면에 다른 3종류의 유전자(hST8Sia II, hST8Sia IV, hST8Sia V)들은 70 kb이상의 게놈상에 5개이상의 exon으로 이루어져 있으며, 5종류 모두 exon-intron boundary는 GT-AG rule을 나타내고 있었다. 특히 모든 시알산전이효소에 고도로 보존되어 있는 sialylmotif L은 hST8Sia III유전자에서는 하나의 exon에 존재하는 반면에, 다른 시알산전이효소 유전자에서는 분리된 exon에 존재하여 exon의 구조적 다양성을 나타내고 있다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 5'-RACE와 cap site hunting법에 의해 hST3Gal II 유전자의 전사개시점을 결정하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.627-633
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• 2013

무선이동통신 시스템에서 두 수열의 상호상관 함숫값은 통화 품질과 사용자 수를 결정하는데 있어 큰 영향을 끼치고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주기 $2^n-1$인 m-수열에 새로운 데시메이션 $d=\frac{2^{m-st-1}}{2^s-1}(2^n+2^{st+s+1}-2^{m+st+1}-1)$를 적용하여 또 다른 m-수열을 생성하고 두 수열의 상호상관 함숫값과 그 값들의 발생횟수를 결정한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.377-381
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• 2023

This study included a 42-year-old female farmer with a 2-year history of Graves' disease who visited the hospital for a total thyroidectomy for her grade III goiter based on World Health Organization classification. Besides Hegu (LI4) and Neiguan (PC6), extensively used for acupuncture analgesia in thyroid surgery in previous studies, three additional acupuncture points for acupuncture analgesia in thyroidectomy were evaluated in this study: Shuitu (ST10), Quepen (ST12), and Yifeng (SJ17). In this case, we used an electroacupuncture stimulator to stimulate the acupuncture points and combined acupuncture analgesia with diazepam and atropine sulfate administration as adjunct medications to calm the patient. The operation was completed without any complications. The findings revealed that stimulating the five acupuncture points, i.e., Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Shuitu (ST10), Quepen (ST12), and Yifeng (SJ17), for acupuncture analgesia combined with adjunct medications is safe for maintaining an adequate level of analgesia and hemodynamic stability during thyroidectomy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1945-1952
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• 2008

Sialylation, the attachment of sialic acid residues to a protein, can affect the biological activity and in vivo circulatory half-life of glycoproteins. Human ${\alpha}2$,3-sialyltransferase (${\alpha}2$,3-ST) and ${\beta}1$,4-galactosyltransferase (${\beta}1$,4-GT) are responsible for terminal sialylation and galactosylation, respectively. Enhanced sialylation of human erythropoietin (EPO) by the expression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT was achieved using recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (EC1). The sialic acid content and sialylation of N-glycans were evaluated by HPLC. When ${\alpha}2$,3-ST was expressed in CHO cells (EC1-ST2), the sialic acid content (moles of sialic acid/mole of EPO) increased from 6.7 to 7.5. In addition, the amount of trisialylated glycans increased from 17.3% to 26.1 %. When ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT were coexpressed in CHO cells (EC1-GTST15), the degree of sialylation was greater than that in EC1-ST2 cells. In the case of EC1-GTST15 cells, the sialic acid content increased to 8.2 and the proportion of trisialylated glycans was markedly increased from 17.3% to 35.5%. Interestingly, the amount of asialoglycans decreased only in the case of GTST15 cells (21.4% to 14.2%). These results show that coexpression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT is more effective than the expression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST alone. Coexpression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT did not affect CHO cell growth and metabolism or EPO production. Thus, coexpression of ${\alpha}2$,3-ST and ${\beta}1$,4-GT may be beneficial for producing therapeutic glycoproteins with enhanced sialylation in CHO cells.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2014

세균성 어류질병의 치료 및 예방을 위하여 어류와 인체에 안전한 수산용 probiotic의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 남해안 일대에서 양식되고 있는 참굴 (Crassostrea gigas), 바지락 (Ruditapes philippinarum), 피조개 (Scapharca broughtonii), 새조개 (Fulvia mutica)의 가식 부위로부터 17균주의 candidate probiotic bacteria (CPB)를 분리하였다. 나아가 다양한 연쇄상구균 (Lactococcus garvieae, L. piscium, Streptococcus sp., S. iniae, and S. parauberis)에 대하여 강한 생장 억제력을 보이는 균주(CPB-St)를 선별하여 어류의 연쇄구균증 관리를 위한 probiotic 균주로서의 개발 가능성을 알아보았다. CPB-St 균주를 double layer test를 통하여 다양한 연쇄상구균들에 대한 생장 억제 정도를 알아보았으며, 혼합 배양에서의 Streptococcus sp.에 대한 생장 억제 능력을 확인하였고, CPB-St의 어류에 대한 안전성 및 장내 생존 유무를 평가하였다. CPB-St는 대부분의 연쇄상구균에 대하여 18~26 mm의 생장 억제대를 형성함으로써 높은 생장 억제 능력을 보였다. CPB-St와의 혼합 배양에서 Streptococcus sp.는 6시간째부터 생장 억제 현상이 관찰되기 시작하여 12시간 전후로 8~55배 정도의 감소를 나타내었다. CPB-St의 어류에 대한 병원성 유 무를 알아본 결과, 2주일 동안 CPB-St로 인한 어류 폐사는 관찰되지 않았다. CPB-St의 1회 강제 경구 투여 후, 위와 장에서 CPB-St의 생존을 확인한 결과 투여 24시간 후에는 CPB-St가 모두 배출되는 것으로 나타났다. CPB-St를 probiotic bacteria로 개발하기 위해서는 어류의 장내 정착 가능성과 먹이를 통한 효과의 정확한 검증이 추후 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.90-92
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• 2016

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common tumor of the parotid gland. Because of its propensity for invasion, pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid requires superficial parotidectomy or total parotidectomy to minimize the risk of tumor recurrence. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland with repeated recurrences. A 23-year-old male patient presented with a protruding neck mass. Six years prior to this presentation, the patient had undergone superficial parotidectomy for the removal of pleomorphic adenoma of the right parotid gland at our institution. The patient experienced recurrence at 17 months after the initial resection, which required a total parotidectomy with partial resection of the facial nerve. Pathologic examination revealed histologic findings consistent with pleomorphic adenoma across the surgical specimen from all three of the operations. The patient suffered from facial nerve paralysis, with facial expressions partially recovered over a year.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2018

Background: Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation with heterogeneous features. Neutrophilic asthma is corticosteroid-insensitive asthma related to absence or suppression of $T_H2$ process and increased $T_H1$ and/or $T_H17$ process. Macrolides are immunomodulatory drug that reduce airway inflammation, but their role in asthma is not fully known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of macrolides in neutrophilic asthma and compare their effects with those of corticosteroids. Methods: C57BL/6 female mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Clarithromycin (CAM) and/or dexamethasone (DXM) were administered at days 14, 15, 21, 22, and 23. At day 24, the mice were sacrificed. Results: Airway resistance in the OVA+LPS exposed mice was elevated but was more attenuated after treatment with CAM+DXM compared with the monotherapy group (p<0.05 and p<0.01). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid study, total cells and neutrophil counts in OVA+LPS mice were elevated but decreased after CAM+DXM treatment. In hematoxylin and eosin stain, the CAM+DXM-treated group showed less inflammation additively than the monotherapy group. There was less total protein, interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon ${\gamma}$, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ in the CAM+DXM group than in the monotherapy group (p<0.001, p<0.05, and p<0.001). More histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity was recovered in the DXM and CAM+DXM challenged groups than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Decreased IL-17 and recovered relative HDAC2 activity correlated with airway resistance and inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma mouse model. This result suggests macrolides as a potential corticosteroid-sparing agent in neutrophilic asthma.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2019

Objectives : The authors aimed at contributing to the safety of acupuncture in the clinic by analyzing the information of contraindicated acupoints described in Uihakipmun. Methods : We investigated the contents related acupuncture contraindications in Uihakipmun, categorized the contraindicated acupoints by site and identified whether they can cause adverse events from the anatomical point of view. Results : In Uihakipmun, 49 acupoints - BL6, BL8, BL9, ST1, SI18, BL1, BL2, TE18, TE19, TE20, GB1, GB3, GV22, GV24, ST12, ST9, TE16, GV6, BL15, BL30, CV17, LU2, GB22, SP16, CV8, CV9, CV15, KI11, ST30, SP11, BL56, GB32, GB33, GB42, LI13, HT2, TE8, GV17, GB18, EX-HN11, GB21, GV11, GV10, ST17, CV5, CV1, ST42, SP6, LI4 - were described as contraindicated acupoints. Among them, the contraindications induced by acupuncture treatment were described for just 5 acupoints. Anatomically, acupuncture stimulation at the contraindicated acupoints can cause organ, nerve or vessel damage near the acupoints. And the number of contraindicated acupoints in Uihakipmun was increased compared to those in Hwangjenaegyeong, Chimgugabeulgyeong, Bigeupcheongeumyobang, Donginsuhyeolchimgudogyeong and Chimgujasaenggyeong. Conclusions : In Ming dynasty, the knowledge associated with adverse events on acupuncture was increased by the accumulation of medical knowledge. Acupuncture stimulation at the contraindicated acupoints described in Uihakipmun can cause tissue damage, therefore we should perform acupuncture procedure carefully to avoid adverse events when stimulating the contraindicated acupoints.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the meaning and the importance of needling or moxibustion- prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong(鍼灸甲乙經). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong, then investigated the causes of the prohibitions from the various literatures and the anatomical structures near the acupoints. Results : In Chimgugapeulgyeong, the needling and moxibustion-prohibited points were ST9, ST17, ST32, CV5, and CV15. The needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, GV24, and jwagak(左角). The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST30, ST33, BL5, BL6, BL15, BL30, TE18, TE21, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and GV25. The major cause of developing prohibited needling or moxibustion was due to the possibility to damage vessels or organs near them; other causes were side effects brought by applying wrong stimulating method or inducing women sterilized. Conclusions : The prohibition of needling or moxibustion on the points found in Chimgugapeulgyeong had acceptable causes. Therefore the techniques of needling or moxibustion on the acupoint should be performed with care.

• 건축사
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• 통권506호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2011