• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2005

Semisulospira libertine (SL) has been used as a folk medicine for quenching a thirst, hepatic fever and inflammation in oriental countries. Although SL has been anecdotally ascertained to ameliorate the hepatic diseases, there are no sufficient experimental evidences. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Bitam-S, in which SL is a main component, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease manifested in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. At 6 week old, the ob/ob mice were randomly divided into four groups; control and three treatment groups. The control mice was to receive a regular diet, and the treatment groups were fed a regular diet with either 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg of Bitam-S (BS250 and BS500) or 300mg/kg of metformin (MT300) for a 8-week period. Bitam-S exerted beneficial effects on lipid homeostasis in ob/ob mice that are not necessarily due to its ability to decrease food intake but its specific effects on hepatic lipogenesis related genes (SREBP1a, FAS and SCD-1). The combined effects of Bitam-S to reduce body weight and lipogenic gene expressions, and reduce the deposition of triglyceride in the liver are indicative of a marked improvement in obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Taken together, Bitam-S has potential as a treatment agent for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and deserves clinical trial in the near future.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.8-27
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• 2018

Objective This study investigated the effects of Jeoreongchajeonja-tang in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Methods The study examined 9-week-old male mice (C57bl/6J) divided into four groups: the normal(C57bl/6J-Nr), control (high-fat diet only; HFD-CTL), positive-control (high-fat diet with Garcinia cambogia), and experimental (high-fat diet with Jeoreongchajeonja-tang; HFD-JCT) groups. After 7 weeks, the body weight, food efficiency ratio, organ weight, and visceral fat weight of the mice were measured. Blood serum tests, mRNA, liver histopathology, and epididymis adipocytes were also examined. Results Compared with the Control(HFD-CTL) group, the Experimental(HFD-JCT) group given Jeoreongchajeonja-tang showed significant reductions in absolute body weight and food efficiency ratio. The serum alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor-1, and leptin levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant reductions in absolute abdominal subcutaneous fat, epididymal adipose tissue, kidney adipose tissue, intestine adipose tissue, and liver, kidney and spleen adipose tissue weights. The C/EBP-${\beta}$, leptin, and SREBP1c/ADD1 mRNA expression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, while the UCP-2 and adiponectin mRNA expression were significantly higher. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in the absolute adipocyte area in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. Conclusion Jeoreongchajeonja-tang has an anti-obesity effect. Additional clinical studies are expected.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.677-685
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• 2015

인간의 질병 또는 가축의 경제적인 특성은 단일 유전자보다는 여러 유전자들의 상호작용에 의한 영향을 많이 받는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 유전자들의 상호작용을 규명하기 위해 기존에 사용되었던 방법들의 단점을 보완한 에스엔피 하비스트 방법을 이용하였다. 사용된 유전자는 최근 한우의 육질에 영향을 미치는 지방산 조성과 깊은 연관이 있다고 밝혀진 단일염기다형성 중 SREBPs (g.3270+10274 C>T, g.13544 T>C)와 FABP4 (g.2634+1018 A>T, g.2988 A>G, g.3690 G>A, g.3710 G>C, g.3977-325 T>C, g.4221 A>G)이며, 경제형질은 한우의 맛과 향에 영향을 주는 올레인산, 불포화지방산, 근내지방도를 이용하였다. 먼저 에스엔피 하비스트 방법을 이용하여 경제형질에 영향을 주는 우수 유전자 조합을 찾은 뒤 다중인자차원축소방법을 이용하여 단일염기다형성 조합 내의 우수 유전자형도 함께 규명하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-obesity effect of Galgeuntang (gegentang) and elucidate the effect of it on gene expression related to obesity. Methods The experiments were performed with the use of Diet-Induced Obese mice. They were grouped NC (normal control), HFD (high fat diet control), GGT (Galgeun-tang (gegentang), 700 mg/kg), ORL (Orlistat, 10 mg/kg). GGT was orally administered for 12 weeks. Body weight was measured every week. Real-time PCR was performed to investigate the effect of GGT on gene expression in liver tissue. Results GGT group and ORL group were reduced in body weight compared with HFD. HFD increased $PPAR{\gamma}$, SREBP-1, Leptin, aP2, FATP1, FAS gene expression compared with NC. GGT increased FATP1 gene expression. But GGT reduced $PPAR{\gamma}$ & FAS gene expression in liver tissue of diet-induced obese mice compared with HFD. Conclusions These results suggest that GGT is supposed to have a certain impact on the treatment of obesity. But more study is needed in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2012

Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers. To determine the SNP effect on somatotropic hormone concentration and lipogenesis, we measured plasma GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. We also measured mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1) and FA composition in diaphragm tissues. Heifers with genotype CC had the lowest plasma insulin concentration and FASN and SCD mRNA levels among genotypes. FASN mRNA levels in haplotype A tended to positively correlate with saturated FA (SFA) content and negatively correlated with C18:2 and unsaturated FA (USFA) contents. SCD mRNA levels in haplotype A positively correlated with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents and negatively correlated with C18:0 content. They also tended to positively correlate with C16:1, C18:1, and USFA contents and USFA/SFA ratio and negatively correlate with SFA content. Taken together, GH gene polymorphism affects the lipogenic genes expression levels and their relationships with fatty acid compositions in diaphragm tissues of JB heifers at 31 months of age.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

Obesity occurs when a person's calorie intake exceeds the amount of energy burns, which may lead to pathologic growth of adipocytes and the accumulation of fat in the tissues. In this study, the effect and mechanism of pear pomace extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and apoptosis of mature adipocytes were investigated. The effects of pear pomace extract on cell viability and the anti-adipogenic and proapoptotic effects were investigated via MTT assay, Oil red O staining, western blot analysis and apoptosis assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated with DMEM containing 10% FBS, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), $5{\mu}g/ml$ insulin and $1{\mu}M$ dexamethasone for differentiation to adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured with PBS or water extract of pear pomace. Water extract of pear pomace effectively inhibited lipid accumulations and expressions of PPAR-${\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ in 3T3-L1 cells. It also increased expression of p-AMPK and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. The induction of apoptosis was observed in 3T3-L1 cells treated with pear pomace. These results indicate that pear pomace water extract inhibits adipogenesis and induces apoptosis of adipocytes and thus can be used as a potential therapeutic substance as part of prevention or treatment strategy for obesity.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.92-105
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Daecheongryong-tang (DCRT) on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents by incubating for 2 days in the absence or presence of DCRT ranging 0.25 and 2%. The effect of DCRT on adipogenesis was examined by Oil red O staining, and the protein, RNA, and RT-PCR were measured. Results: Our results showed that DCRT decreased the TG content by ORO staining. To elucidate the mechanism of the effects of DCRT on lowering TG content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we examined the DCRT modulate expressions of transcription factors to induce adipogenesis and adipogenic genes which is related to the regulation of accumulation of lipids. As a result, the expression of SREBP1, C/$EBP{\beta}$, C/$EBP{\delta}$, C/$EBP{\alpha}$, and $PPAR{\gamma}$ genes, which induce the adipose differentiation and adipose-specific aP2, adipsin, LPL, CD36, TGF-${\beta}$ and adiponectin genes which regulates fat formations, were decreased. In addition, DCRT reduced the expression of iNOS and IL-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, resulting in inflammation. Conclusions: DCRT could regulate transcript factor related to induction of adipose differentiation, inhibit the accumulation of lipids and expression of the adipogenic genes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2008

The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of Korean red ginseng in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. The db/db mice were divided into three groups: diabetic control group (DC), Korean red ginseng group (KRG, 100 mg/kg) and metformin group (MET, 300 mg/kg), and treated with drugs once per day for 10 weeks. Compared to the DC group, fasting blood glucose levels were decreased by 19.8% in KRG-, 67.7% in MET-treated group. With decreased plasma glucose and insulin levels, the insulin resistance index of the KRG-treated group was reduced by 27.6% compared to the DC group. The HbA1c levels in KRG and MET-treated groups were also decreased by 11.0% and 18.9% compared to that of DC group, respectively. Plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels were decreased by 18.8% and 16.8%, respectively, and plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were increased by 20.6% and 12.1%, respectively, in the KRG-treated group compared to those in DC group. Histological analyses of the liver and fat tissue of mice treated with KRG revealed significantly decreased number of lipid droplets and decreased size of adipocytes compared to the DC group. From the pancreatic islet double-immunofluorescence staining, we observed KRG has increased insulin contents, but decreased glucagon production. To elucidate action mechanism of KRG, effects on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target proteins responsible for fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis were explored in the liver. KRG activated AMPK and acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylations, resulting in stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. KRG also caused to down regulation of SREBP1a and its target gene expressions such as FAS, SCD1 and GPAT. In summary, our results suggest that KRG exerted the anti-diabetic effect through AMPK activation in the liver of db/db mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.295-308
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich ethanol extract of persimmon leaf (PL), an ethanol extract of Citrus junos Sieb (CJS), and a PL-CJS mixture (MPC) on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We sought to elucidate the mechanisms of biological activity of these substances using measurements of blood coagulation indices and lipid metabolism parameters. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD with PL (0.5% (w/w)), CJS (0.1% (w/w)), or MPC (PL 0.5%, CJS 0.1% (w/w)) for 10 weeks. In comparison with data obtained for mice in the untreated HFD group, consumption of MPC remarkably prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), whereas exposure to PL prolonged aPTT only. Lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol, and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, and decreased SREBP-1c gene expression were observed in mice that received PL and MPC supplements compared with the respective values detected in the untreated HFD animals. Our results indicate that PL and MPC may have beneficial effects on blood circulation and lipid metabolism in obese mice.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

Objectives This study was conducted to experimentally evaluate the effects of Younggyechulgam-tang-ga Hwanggi(YGT) on obesity in mice induced by high fat diet. Methods The experiment was conducted with 4-week-old male mice divided into 5 groups. They were a normal diet group(Nor), a high fat diet group(Veh), a positive drug control group-orlistat 40 mg/kg(Oris), a 1.08 g/kg group(YGTL), and a 2.16 g/kg group(YGTH), and were tested for five weeks. Changes in antioxidant activity, body weight, organ weight, ROS, AST, ALT, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and lipid metabolism protein were checked. Results YGTL and YGTH group significantly reduced body weight compared to Veh group. YGTH group significantly reduced visceral fat weights compared to Veh group. In blood biochemistry analysis, ROS, AST, ALT, TC, TG and LDL-C in YGTL and YGTH group were significantly lower than Veh group. HDL-C increased significance in YGTL and YGTH group. In antioxidation protein analysis, Catalase, GPx and HO-1 have increased significantly in YGTL and YGTH group. YGTH group have increased $PPAR-{\alpha}$, p-AMPK compared to Veh group. but decreased FAS. SREBP-1, p-ACC levels in YGTL and YGTH group were decreased compared to Veh group, however CPT-1, UCP-2 levels in YGTL and YGTH group were increased compared to Veh group. Conclusions YGT has anti-obesity effects by regulating lipolysis and antioxidation in a diet-induced obesity model. Additional clinical studies are needed.