• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.113-131
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• 2017

Objectives : Dianji is a classic mental disorder in oriental medicine. Dian is often used as a name of disease together with Xian and Kuang. However, much confusion arises due to the usage of such words as Diankuang or Dianxian without the full comprehension of these terms' meanings. Dian, especially, is contained in both, so there is a need to clearly define its meaning. Therefore, the paper aims to study in what context Huangdineijing, the oldest classical medical text in oriental medicine, used Dian. Methods : All statements in Huangdineijing containing Dian were studied to create a number of categories. Based on this analysis, the paper attempted to understand Dianji's symptoms, mechanism, natures, and more. Then lastly, the relationship between the usage of Kuang and Xian was pondered upon. Conclusions & Results : The mechanism of pathology of the Dianji in Huangdineijing can be understood within the scope of upper excess and lower deficiency and the reversal of qi. Additionally, Dianji refers to a sickness in the head, and has a essence of spirit disease. Dian and Kuang were expressed as two types of relationship. One expression was a form of symptom that becomes visible during the occurrence phase of Dian, and the other expression was the cases where it was used as an independent sign. On the other hand, there was no case where Xian and Dian were explained in conjunction with each other. However, there still exist some similarities, mainly in that both diseases revolves around epilepsy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.185-196
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• 2011

This study is considered how retro design concepts that are used pop art can be expressed through overview of theories and cases, and suggested applying to retro design. As a result, we found first, concepts reflecting popular image, second, popular hero concepts simply represented pop art's feature. Third, there were no cases that are expressing the wounds made by political life. The most of cases expressed retro design with pop art representation techniques rather than reflecting of pop art's ideology or spirit. Pop art's retro design should be expressed as a modern style not only with reproduction of pop art, but also with designer's creativity and pop art's ideology and reinterpretation of formative meaning. Thus, it needs to set a concept by exploring of modern globalized mass media or daily life of people. Also, it should applying people's entertainment, spare time and fantasy to bright cheerful mood of pop art to express each area of design.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.34
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• pp.109-131
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• 2007

This paper has focusing CheongHaeJin's maritime trading activities between Korea, China and Japan in the 9th century. In operation of CheongHaeJin which Chang BoGo was given a key role, CheongHaeJin creates three nation's wealth in triangular trade among Korea, China and Japan. And also, CheongHaeJin's contribution is considerable to the maritime trade development of Northeast Asia through establishing trading advance base in China and Japan, and organizing Shilla's people in China. Chang BoGo justified the control over small business groups of the west and south sea of Korea and the east and south sea of China by keeping pirates away His trade groups controlled foreign trade of three countries: Shilla, the Dang Dynasty of China and Japan. They connected Persia, India, Southeast Asia, and China. CheongHaeJin's key success factors of the maritime activities are summarized as follows; There is a possibility of searching that successful factor from the people of operator of CheongHaeJin. Based on oceanic adventurous spirit with character and progressive thinking could complete the rally of sea influence and composition of fleets. Secondly, the success factor is the excellent operational ability and leadership which learned in the Dang Dynasty of China. Thirdly, In 9th century, International political context was suitable for CheongHaeJin's construction and operation. Such political circumstances had given to CheongHaeJin remunerative position. Finally, Although central government could not maintain the sea traffic securities, Chang BoGo's ocean trading fleets guaranteed the safe fishing industry of people and security of sea traffic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.5 s.104
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• pp.132-149
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to establish the theoretical view for the analysis of the aesthetic characteristics of dress from the viewpoint of oriental aesthetics. Also, this study examined the universality and particularity of aesthetic characteristics in Korean and Japanese women's traditional costumes. To establish the theoretical view for the aesthetic analysis of dress from the viewpoint of oriental aesthetics, this study examined the relationship between the internal spirit of human, culture and the external form of dress. Based on this consideration, the viewpoints for the analysis of dress formation were the 'Form' as the basic structure of the external formation of dress and 'the Ornamentation' as the emphasis of the artistic characteristics of dress. The common world view shared by Korea and Japan holds the thinking system that everything is created from 'not to bee(無)' to 'being(有)'. This view emphasizes the totality and circulation of energy called 'Ki(氣)'. According to this view, oriental culture has been developed by intuition and pleasure called 'Heung(興)'. Therefore, the form of the oriental culture includes ambiguity and emphasizes the total harmony. These characteristics appeared in dress as the design of ambiguity, asymmetry and concealment. The meaning of the ornamentation in oriental world was the unified harmony of diversity and the colors and patterns of oriental dress were used by the symbolic meaning of Yin-Yang & Wu-Shing (陰陽五行)s principles. On the basis of the world view of the Ki, Korean and Japanese women's traditional costumes commonly shared the aesthetic values of concealment, emptiness, and symbolism. Also, their costumes expressed the difference, especially in the ornamentation. Korean costume expressed the beauty of simplicity and naivety, and Japanese costume expressed the beauty of ornamentation and nonornamentatIon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2009

This paper compares the relative performances of area and cordon tolls as opposed to the first-best congestion tolls with respect to alleviation of traffic congestion and social welfare. The comparison is done in the monocentric city where all the jobs are located at the city center. The study shows that the size of charging zones is similar in the two second-bests, but that the optimal toll level is higher in area pricing than in cordon pricing. Area pricing schemes turn out to perform better than cordon pricing schemes as measured by average speeds and daily average travel time. Accordingly, the former is shown to increase the social welfare more than the latter. In the case of the cordon tolls, the residents at the charging zones are exempted from the tolls. In this way, cordon tolls invite people into the most congested areas over the optimal level while partially negating the whole spirit of the congestion tolls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.573-585
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• 1996

This study of counter-culture - the cultural background of the Jean Fashion of which express the consciousness and youthfulness of young - shows the various social, cultural developments and the direction of growth for the Jean industry Until now, the fashion trends flowed from the elite, upper-class minority to the general public : however, in the case of the Jean Fashion, it has spread inversely to the upper-class from the young people who have adopted the life-styles of the lower, middle class, working people. With the emphasis on Jean Fashion's establishment through and within a counter- culture influences, the first chapter explores the counter-culture's background theory and how fashion has metamorphisized within the counter-culture. The second chapter explores the image of the jeans within the society of the youth and the general public. Finally in the fourth chapter, this study divides the images of Jean Fashion within the youth and the general population into classifications of Feminism, Eroticism, Dismantlementation. Thus, 1 came to the conclusion that the above stated theories have had great influence on the Jean Fashion Industry. The conclusion of this study are as follows: 1 Jeans are the representative article of clothing of unisex appeal which is the core characteristic of Feminism. Feminism, which surfaced coincidentally with the emergence of jeans in the 1850s, took charge of expressing the freedoms and the wills of women. 2. Jeans, being the representative article of Eroticism, have firmly entrenched its image in the young people's wardrobe through mass media such as movies, $\mu$ic, and commercials. 3. In the 90s the tendencies of Defacement and Dismantlementation of Jeans developed. In the Dismantlement tendencies of colors, the color blue foretells of the century's coming to an end, and blue also expresses the superiority of spirit and intelligence which transcends materialism.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.58-67
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• 1998

Exposition primarily reguires the basic understanding of the mutual effect between the conventional culture and the future-oriented change of society.A number of fundamental and general research articles exist which are related to the exhibition planning and design. Unfortunately, the concrete research works dealing with the large-scale international expositions are hardly found in the literature. In this connection, this research was particularly focused on the special exposition display and planning. The International Exposition, the World Design Exposition and the International Garden and Greenery Exposition were chosen in order to examine the conceptual characteristics as the proper examples creating the fantastic space and developing the new exposition display technigue. The Government Pavilion in the Taejon Expo , 93 was chosen as an example for the exposition planning. An overall research concerning the basic direction and structure of the exposition design, the exposition display and the special system technigue was carried out in order to represent the basic spirit and theme with the most efficient way.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.379-390
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• 2002

Science Revolution, which stands for new paradigm in an era as a transfer, usually is accompanied with a change in intellectual sphere. Futhermore, as there is an indissoluble connection between science and an, so the correlation of two realm lead to mutual prosperity in coexistence. Recently, concerns for the phenomena of non-linear dynamics in science and its quick adaptation in art made .it possible. What is important agenda for science and art is to suggest the process of creative evolution and its method, I believe. In order to attain these, different and contra way of thinking, spirit of research and venture for unpredictable things out of daily routine should be indispensible. In this study, I am offering and reviewing the space design based upon phenomena of nonlinear dynamics, drawn from concept of chaos in physics and mathematics. This study places a great emphasis on nonlinearity which should be understood as a whole, not partially, that enable a designer to find new cosmos and principles of creation. In addition to these, I wish that a designer would stop trying partial apply in nonlinear space. In fine, I hope this study enables a designer to adapt and generate nonlinearity as creative attribute in space by understanding of phenomena of nonlinear dynamics and its process as a whole.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.99-109
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• 1997

The Bauhaus movement can be said to be the by-product of forming work pursued through the method of constituents even under endless discord between the so-called modern ages and anti-modern ages rather than to say that it was progressed consistently on the assumption of a design. Accordingly, all instruments of Bauhaus education which contributed to form the source of the modern ages realized educational value related to the actual problem at the point of time when the student evercomes all internal and production can be managed most effectively under one system was originated inevitably. The most exential point of the work of Bauhaus workshop is the fact that all products show homogeneity as time passes, which is appeared as the result of the spirit of consciously developed community based on cooperation between various characters and personalities. Also, the homogeneity does not exist in formative detailed aspect appeared externally but in the basis of effort having produced things simply and faithfully, and on the other hand, in accordance with essential rule. Therefore, the original form of Bauhaus products can be said not to be fashionable but the crystal of work process at the workshop through much thought and contemplation in view of endowed form following art, technology and economy.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Korea has a dark age in terms of culture in the last 20th century. Korea had been struggling between the Great Powers of the world in the imperialism and had sacrifice to keep our own culture itself. Japanese imperialist's a invasion, culture liquidation by Japan, Independence from Japan, Korean war and Influence by US are major bitter historical affair after close of Chosun Dynasty in the process of modernization. Therefore Korea couldn't stay in the center of world cultural core parts and was degraded as cultural consumption country which was provided oversea culture by other countries. Then Korea couldn't develop our unique traditional idea and culture. In the meantime there are both extreme phenomena; one is expulsion of other cultures absolutely and the other is only following western culture unconditionally like trimming policy in the end of colony age. These discreet and unfiltered western culture had been influenced Korea culture over the wide range strongly and resulted in cultural colony situation to produce western imitation culture without philosophy and traditional spirit. Even though Korea has met opportunity in the culture, we called "Han Trend", no formation of own culture is main reason for psychological panic. Korea furniture design is one of parts of lost of tradition culture and typical parts in reproducing western imitation culture. As a result furniture industry's major reason for loss value as exporting industry compared to other industries result in most of the furniture products without our unique identity. This situation become more deepen unfortunately. This report would like to suggest the direction of design with global competition capability and cultural identity to boost Korean furniture design industry by comparing, analyzing and speculating between design of Chosun dynasty and philosophy of modernism in western.