• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the theories about the psychophysiology and psychopathology of Korean Medicine. Methods: The concepts and functions of spirit (神), soul (魂魄), five spirits (五神), and seven emotions (七情) occurring in the Huangdineijing have been interpreted, and the correlation between thought and emotion considered. Results and Conclusions: (1) Spirit (神) refers to the source and discipline of vital activity and mental activity. (2) With soul (魂魄), ethereal soul (魂) manifests itself as the mental process, and corporeal soul (魄) as the physical sensory interaction, such as the nervous system. (3) In the five spirits, ethereal soul (魂) is the recognition process of drawing out memories. Spirit (神) is the process of creative thought. Cognition (意) is the ability to recognize and integrate information. Corporeal soul (魄) is the process of selecting what is important and choosing it. Will (志) is the process of storing memories. Ethereal soul (魂) and corporeal soul (魄) of the five spirits (五神) and soul (魂魄) use the same characters, but the meaning differs. Also, spirit (神) and the spirit (神) in five spirits (五神) are the same character, but, because the meaning is different, they need to be interpreted according to the context. (4) Heart (心), Cognition (意), Will (志), Thought (思), Consideration (慮), and Wisdom(智) are all cognitive processes, like perception, recognition, and thinking. (5) Psychopathology is when excessive emotion affects the five viscera, harming the Energy (氣) and Blood (血) and eventually affecting the five spirits, which causes problems in thinking. Therefore, for healthy mental functioning, not only must the emotions be regulated so that they do not become excessive, but the five viscera also need to be kept healthy.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.910-914
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• 2010

A collision between a barge and an oil tanker of Hebei Spirit caused the release of an estimated 12,547 tons of light crude oil into the Yellow Sea off the west coast of Taean-gun, Korea on December 7, 2007. This study was aimed to evaluate exposure conditions and acute health effects in soldiers participating in the Hebei Spirit oil spill cleanup activities and the association between these and the nature of the work and use of protection devices. The sample comprised 2,624 soldiers stratified by working area and number of working days. We divided working area into the coast of Taean-gun(highly polluted area) and other areas affected by Hebei Spirit oil spill. And we divided number of working days into 1-7 days, 8-14 days, 15-21 days and above 22 days. Data were obtained via a structured, self-administered questionnaire and included information on working area, type of working, number of working days, use of protective materials, and acute health effects. Acute health effects were classified into 5 groups: neurological, respiratory, dermatologic, ophthalmic and other symptoms. Data analysis was performed using unconditional logistic regression used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. On logistic regression analysis, working on the coast of Taean-gun was significantly associated with increased risk of acute health problems: headache, dizziness, nausea, general fatigue, insomnia, flushed face, sore throat, dry throat, runny nose, cough, sputum, skin irritation, sore eyes, injection of conjunctiva, tear, and low back pain. Furthermore soldiers working more than 21 days were significantly associated with increased risk of acute health problems: insomnia, flushed face, sore throat, runny nose, cough, sputum, tear, low back pain and fever. Accordingly, the exposure to the oil and the subsequent cleanup efforts were suggested to inflict acute health problems on soldiers participating in the Hebei Spirit oil spill cleanup activities.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

Generally, mind-body medicine is the field of studying neurose or diseases induced to body by psychological cause in a broad sense. It is said that, by definition, the medicine means the field of medicine with psychosomatic disease as its main object of research, and that it aims at utilizing the study of the relationship between mind and diseases to diagnoses and therapy of many physical diseases. Oriental medicine, the mind is classified into 'O-shin'(五神, five minds) and 'Chil-chung'(七情, seven mental states). O-shin are related to the five viscera each other. The liver contains the soul, the heart does the mind, the spleen does the consciousness, the lungs do the spirit and the kidneys do the will Chil-chung are seven mental states such as joy(喜), rage(怒), anxiety(憂), thinking(思), sorrow(悲), fear(恐) and horror(驚). If these Chil-chung are excessive, they induce physical diseases by hurting the five viscera as well as they cause mental problems. In oriental medicine, five mental is a concept for understanding of man's mental structure. Spirit and body is inseparable relation in oriental medicine. Function of spirit and body is regarded as one in oriental medical physiology. Spirit is the essence of a function which an organism reveal, and it is regarded in the same with life. For this reason, identification spirit with life is special feature of oriental medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.803-814
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• 2007

Shenming(神明) exists everywhere in the universe; it affects human beings to feel and contact ideal and peaceful state of Shen(神). Shenming theory(神明思想) in ${\ulcorner}$Hwang Ti Nei Ching${\lrcorner}$ (黃帝內經) was established by ancient Northeastern Asians who were trying to apply paradigm called TianRenHeYi theory(天人合-思想), unifying man and the Great Spirit(絶對精神) of the universe. Based on present, Shenming(神明) is an idea that can estimate will of Shen(神) which has a key to the future; such concept is founded by both human's mind and action that are designed to seek for the uncertain future. Very pure and devoted mind can sympathize with Shen(神) to accept Shenming(神明). Sehnming theory(神明思想) in ${\ulcorner}$Hwang Ti Nei Ching${\lrcorner}$ (黃帝內經) has a basic concept of living balanced life as a human by accepting Shenming(神明), the Spirit of Universe. Thus, it can be summarized into a phrase, 'Shenming(神明) is a process that human conjures his ultimate destiny called the Great Spirit(絶對精神) in himself.' If a man would be guided by Shenming(神明), the Spirit of Universe, he can live peacefully. Therefore, it is essential to study Shenming theory(神明思想) in ${\ulcorner}$Hwang Ti Nei Ching${\lrcorner}$ (黃帝內經) to aid present people's mental health.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of parents' positive and negative parenting attitudes on multicultural expropriation and the mediating effect of community spirit in the process. For this purpose, 1,336 first - year students who entered the university were sampled based on the 7th year data of Korea Youth Policy Institute for a regression analysis. The main results are as follows. First, the positive parenting attitude of the parents recognized by university students has a positive influence on multicultural expropriation, and the negative parenting attitude has a negative influence on multicultural expropriation. Second, Community spirit is found to have a positive influence on multicultural expropriation by university students and shown to have a partial mediated effect between positive or negative parenting and multicultural expropriation. Based on the above research results, various programs were developed and applied to enhance parents' positive parenting attitude and multicultural expropriation, and to promote positive parenting attitude and community spirit.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2020

Urban problems raised by the concentration of population in urban areas have caused residents to migrate to other regions while causing other problems such as deteriorated infrastructure, traffic and environmental pollution problems in existing urban areas. As an alternative to improve this phenomenon, urban regeneration has emerged, and under the assumption that creating community vegetable gardens is effective in revitalizing cities considering their physical, social and cultural environment, frequency and descriptive analyses were conducted on the vegetable gardens in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea to examine differences in the components of the surrounding environment and the settlement, and community spirit of the two groups comprised of 30 and 35 persons who did not and did participate in gardening respectively. Regression analysis were conducted to determine whether there were changes in community spirit after participating in gardening. As a component of the surrounding environment, gardening and fence management were found to be important for both the groups, and they seemed to have high satisfaction with their residence because they wanted to continue to live in their neighborhood. Overall, the satisfaction evaluation results showed that those who participated in gardening showed a higher satisfaction level than those who did not. Based on the changes in community spirit after participating in the activity, it was found that there was a high level of perception in all the components, indicating that the gardening had a positive effect on the cultivation of community spirit. As such, the spaces called vegetable gardens are not only for doing physical activities but also as shared conversation topics, and through the activities in the gardens, changes in the awareness of local residents can be brought about through the formation of social networks and natural communication between neighbors. It can be concluded that they encourage residents to actively participate in improving the urban environment through activities such as planting.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.193-203
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to invest the mediating effect of the mobile phone addiction and the aggression within the path which the social withdrawal have explained the community spirit of an university student. For the purpose, this study have chosen a total of 1,347 cases as an analysis target from the Korean Youth-Child Pannel Study(KYPS) 7th wave. And this study have used the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) from AMOS 18.0 as an analysis method. This study have also used sobel test for finding out the effectiveness of the mediating path. This study found these analysis results through the analysis method which this study have suggested. First, this study have verified the effectiveness of the direct path that the social withdrawal predicted the community spirit of an university student. Second, this study have found the effectiveness of the mediating path composed by the mobile phone addiction and the aggression. As these analysis results, this study have proposed the implication for the community spirit of an university student and suggestion for a follow-up study.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.201-208
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• 2023

This study is an empirical research aimed at examining the impact of practical, field-oriented local entrepreneurship education for college students and prospective entrepreneurs in the Busan area on their entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial competencies, and entrepreneurial spirit. The study is conducted to enhance the activation of youth entrepreneurship education in the Busan area and to tailor entrepreneurship competency development for prospective local young entrepreneurs. In this study, the factors of entrepreneurial motivation were divided into economic motivation and self-realization motivation, while entrepreneurial competencies were categorized into practical competencies for local entrepreneurship, local brand development competencies, and financial analysis competencies. To conduct the empirical analysis, a survey was administered to 139 participants who took part in entrepreneurship education from March to October 2023. The research findings indicate that local entrepreneurship education significantly influences participants' entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial competencies, and entrepreneurial spirit. Furthermore, it was observed that entrepreneurial spirit also has a significant impact on entrepreneurial motivation and competencies. These results suggest the practical importance of tailoring entrepreneurship education to the specific characteristics of local prospective entrepreneurs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.99-105
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• 2017

Plato and Aristotle examined what the true spirit of physical education is and what kind of relationship it is, from the perspective of dividing into two parts of the body and mind. And the relationship between human body and mind, knowledge and behavior. Plato and Aristotle examined the harmonious combination of body and mind and what is the desirable relationship setting. In Plato's soul and body in philosophical centered ideological aspect, human education center emphasizes poetry education, but physical education is recognized as essential education for human education. Plato's body contour emphasizes the harmony of soul and body, not the superiority of the body to the mind. In Plato's education room, physical education should be preceded and then mental education should be done. I thought that there could be no independent souls without bodies. It is not an independent entity but a unified entity. Because there is a body, there is a soul. There is a soul, so a body exists. Aristotle thought that the body was more important than Plato, and that the body should be preceded by the soul.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1693-1703
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• 2015

This study is aimed to retain objectivity and generality against consumer perception about seafood of Hebei Spirit oil spill incident area, and analyze gap of consumer perception in according to confidence level of seafood using ordinal logit model. As results, This article have three implications. First, Consumer don't have high confidence level in comparison with previous research. Second, It is important to retain confidence of quality for purchasing seafood of oil spill incident area. Third, Consumer perception is improved positively against seafood of oil spill area. But This study has limits that don't take regional opinion and situation into account.