• 대순사상논총
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• 제17권
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• pp.73-92
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• 2004

The present article deals with the concept 'ekayāna' as the spirit of the times in the period of Unifying War in Shilla, which is embodied in the thought of Wonhyo and Euisang. This article is divided into five sections. Section I introduces the background of research history regarding the spirit of the age during the Unifying War, and explaines the reason why we adopted two thinkers such as Wonhyo and Euisang, especially the concept 'ekayāna' of the two as a subject for inquiry. Section II discusses on the hermeneutical difference between the Chinese Faxiang sect and Wonhyo regarding the interpretation of one passage from Saṃdhinirmocana-Sūtra, in which the relation between ekayāna and triyāna is explained. It is noteworthy that Faxiang sect places emphasis on the differentiation of triyāna, but Wonhyo gives emphasis to equality of ekayāna. Section III refers to the hermeneutical horizons of Wonhyo which is connoted in the interpretation of Saṃdhinirmocana-Sūtra, especially focusing on the concept 'ekayāna'. Here we can make a conclusion as follows; Firstly, the 'ekayāna' in Wonhyo is immanent in 'triyāna' and at the same time transcendental from 'triyāna', so to speak 'com-transcendetal' with 'triyāna'. Secondly, there is inseparable and unmixable relation between 'ekayāna' and beings. In another words, 'ekayāna' is śūnyatā. Thirdly, 'ekayāna' is a kind of universal truth(普法 pŭ fă) in that it offers the benefit to open and develop the immanent buddhadhātu of all living lives. In addition to Wonhyo's thought on ekayāna, section IV refers to the concept 'ekayāna' of Euisang. On Euisang, 'ekayāna' is 'the perfect teaching(圓敎 yuán jiào)' and 'pratītyasamutpāda'. From this point of view, we can conclude that the thought on ekayāna between the two, Wonhyo and Euisang is not different, and completely coherent. As a result, as it is concluded in section V, it is also clear that ekayāna has 'com-transcendental' relation to triyāna. Therefore we can safely make a conclusion that the spirit of the times in the period of Unifying War in Shilla among the leading thinkers is the vision for 'com-transcendency'.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.232-247
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• 2015

향온국(통밀, 녹두), 내부비전국(녹두, 밀가루, 기장), 대두국(통밀, 대두) 등의 누룩으로 각각 탁주, 약주, 증류주를 제조하여 이들의 품질 특성을 평가하였다. 품질 평가를 위하여 발효액의 pH, 당도, 총산도, 알코올 함량, 효모 생균수 등을 측정하였고, 각각의 누룩으로 만든 탁주, 약주, 증류주의 향기성분과 유기산 함량을 측정하였으며, 관능 검사를 실시하였다. 발효가 진행되는 동안 향온국의 pH 저하가 가장 많았고, 당도도 낮아졌다. 총 산도는 발효 초기에 향온국이 가장 높았고, 발효종점에서도 향온국이 가장 높았으나, 대두국과는 유의적 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 알코올 함량은 내부비전국에서 발효 초기에 가장 높았고, 발효 종점에서는 세 누룩 간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 효모 생균수는 발효 초기에 대두국에서 가장 많이 검출되었고, 발효 2일부터 균수가 감소하기 시작하였으며, 발효 종점에서는 세 누룩 간 차이가 없었다. 향기성분 분석에서 acetone과 n-amyl alcohol은 약주, 탁주, 증류주에서 검출되지 않았으나, n-butanol이 가장 높은 수치로 검출되었고, 다음이 i-amyl alcohol이었다. Fusel oil은 증류주에서 가장 많이 검출되었으나, 탁주, 약주, 증류주에서는 차이가 없었다. 유기산 중 fumaric acid와 formic acid는 탁주와 약주에서 검출되지 않았고, 7종의 유기산들이 검출되었으며, 유기산 중 lactic acids가 가장 많았다. 관능검사에서 향온국으로 만든 탁주와 약주가 가장 높은 점수를 얻었고, 대두국이 가장 낮은 점수를 얻었으며, 세 누룩으로 만든 증류주에서는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과로 향온국으로 만든 탁주와 약주가 바람직한 전통주로 판명되었다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2015

The Spiritual culture education is not only the nucleus of campus culture but also the ultimate aim of the construct ion of campus culture. Currently the construction of campus culture is understood and implemented in the view of pragmatism and utilitarian, but the value- oriented role of college spirit is belittled, which leads to the absence of specific purpose and direction. If universities and colleges want to remain invincible, they must attach the importance to the spirit culture, the systematic culture, the material culture and the behavioral culture, and in all, the college spirit. Based on the current ideological educational situation of women's vocational colleges, a research has been conducted on how to play the educational functions of campus culture, seeking for the integration of campus culture and spiritual culture and, achieving talents cultivation objectives on the campus. This paper analyses and compares the influencing factors in Spiritual culture education between China and Korea women university from the following parts: The campus environment, campus material, campus system, campus behavior and diversified thinking challenge. Backed with the findings of the research, it offers some suggestions on the developing ideas and models of characteristic campus culture construction for women's colleges between China and Korea.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권2호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2012

본 연구는 허베이 스피리트호 유류유출사고 이후 일반 국민의 환경의식과 환경보호를 위한 실천행동수준 분석을 통해 보호지역 관리정책 수립을 위한 기초자료를 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2011년 5월부터 6월까지 5대 광역시(서울, 부산, 대구, 대전, 광주)에서 일반 국민 987명을 대상으로 현지조사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과 태안해안국립공원을 유류유출사고로 인한 피해복구지역으로 인지하거나, 자원봉사활동, 환경보호 및 보존 단체 및 교육프로그램에 참여한 경험 등과 같은 환경적 관심이 있을수록 환경에 대한 긍정적이고 적극적인 태도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 생물학적 보전과 이용의 균형을 고려한 보호지역 관리에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2006

This study was written in order to help understanding of listening diagnosis to vocal sound and speech. The purpose of listening diagnosis is that we know states of essence(精), Qi(氣) and spirit(神). Vocal sound and speech are made by Qi and spirit. Vocal sound originates from the center of the abdominal region(丹田) and comes out through vocal organs, for example lung, larynx, nose, tongue, tooth, lip and so on. Speech is expressed by vocal sound and spirit. They are controled by the Five Vital organs(五臟). Various changes of vocal sound and speech observe the rules of yinyang. For example, if we consider patient likes to say or not, we can diagnose heat and coldness of illness. If we consider he speaks loudly or quietly, we can diagnose weak and severe of illness. If we consider he speaks clearly or thick, we can diagnose inside and outside of illness. If we consider he speaks damp or dry, we can diagnose yin and yang of illness. If we consider change of voice, we can diagnose new and old illness. Symptoms of changes of five voices, five sounds, dumbness and huskiness are due to abnormal vocal sound, and symptoms of changes of mad talk, mumble, sleep talking and so on are due to abnormal speech.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.368-368
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• 2008

Oil spills are a principal factor of the ocean pollution. The complicated problems involved in detecting oil spills are usually due to varying wind and sea surface condition such as ocean wave and current. The Hebei Spirit accident was happened in the west sea ($36^{\circ}$41'04" N, $126^{\circ}$03'12" E) near about 8 km distant from Tae-An, Korea on December 7, 2007. The aim of this work is to improve the detection and classification performance in order to define a more accurate training set and identifying the feature of oil spill region. This paper deals with an optimization technique for the detection and classification scheme using multi-frequency and multi-polarization SAR and optical image data sets of the oil spilled sea. The used image data are the ENVISAT ASAR WS and Radarsat-1 of C-band and ALOS PALSAR of L-band SAR data and KOMPSAT-2 optical images together with meteorological or oceanographic data. Both the theory and the experimental results obtained are discussed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2010

The in vitro toxicities of three crude oils of the Hebei Spirit were examined on laboratory grown plankton, with a focus on the effects of a dispersant. The specific growth rate of phytoplankton and the mortalities of two zooplankton were measured in response to exposure to various concentrations of water accommodated oil, dispersant or both. The effects of the oils varied among the plankton, but were generally low within the range of the oil concentrations used, with little difference in toxicity among the three oils. Such low toxicity appeared to be associated with weathering of the crude oils. Exposure to the dispersant, however, dramatically increased the mortality of zooplankton, with complete inhibition of phytoplankton growth. No synergistic toxic effect was observed with the crude oil and dispersant combination. A better decision making process could be crafted for future application of dispersant in the event of an oil spill in Korean waters to better protect the marine plankton community from the excessive use of dispersant.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.878-883
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• 2005

The dream is a well-known experience in the routine life. It is the image and thought being occurred during the sleep, and the complex reaction of our mental world to the event of everyday. In particular, there are so many opinions of the reason why people have a dream and this thesis is telling about the physical and pathological changes in the human as one of that various opinions. The aspects of this thesis are often founded in the diverse texts of oriental Medicine, including the Internal Classics(내경), and there were some cases that regarded the dream as diagnostic object and put to clinical uses. These attempts were not only tried out by particular orient thoght, also the ancient Greeks thought that the dream would represent important informations about the health. But, these ideas have been treated lightly by the impacts of the western medicine since the modern age. Straightforwardly, before the psycho-analytics was not development, most of the doctors and scientists regarded the dream as things like dregs of mind. The central operating bodies of the dream are the Spirit(신) and Hon and Beak(혼백), and the Spirit(신) is more essential part between the two.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2020

Purpose : This study was conducted to confirm the correlation between team sharing spirit, team effectiveness, team cohesion, team reliability, and turnover intention of hospital nurses and to identify the influence factors affecting the turnover intention of hospital nurses. Methods : The sample for this study consisted of 200 nurses from four general hospitals of less than 500 beds located in J city. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson Correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Results : Factors influencing nurse turnover intentions included satisfaction with nursing position (β=.274), team reliability (β=-.250), satisfaction with department (β=-.178), and career (β=.149) in order, and these influence factors accounted for 32.1 % of nurses' turnover intentions. Conclusion : Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to consider ways to reduce the turnover intention of nurses by devising strategies to increase the factors of satisfaction with nursing positions, team reliability, and satisfaction with department by making good use of the resources of the medical institution. It is suggested to conduct repeated studies of nurses working in various clinical sites and further studies applying various outcome variables in the future.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.246-259
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• 2013

The principal purpose of this study is to analyze school organizational culture in secondary school in Busan. This study measures background variables such as gender, teaching experience, classification of school, grade of school, and scale of school. The results of the study are as follows : First, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture depending on gender, female teachers have a stronger sense of professionalism, community spirit and consideration than male teachers. Second, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture in terms of teaching experience, teachers who have more than 21 years of teaching experience have a more positive perception on decision-making and consideration than those who have 11~20 years of teaching experience. Third, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture according to classification of school, public schools have a more positive perception on every item such as professionalism, decision-making, community spirit, and consideration than private school. Fourth, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture in terms of classification of schools, secondary schools have a more positive perception on professionalism and community spirit than high schools. Lastly, as it is seen in the difference on the perception of organizational culture depending on scale of school, schools which have 13~35 classes have a more positive perception on professionalism than others.