• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.2 s.107
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• pp.221-241
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• 2005

Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LUCC) occur over a wide range of space and time scales, and involve complex natural, socio-economic, and institutional processes. Therefore, modelling and predicting LUCC demands an understanding of how various measured properties behave when considered at different scales. Understanding spatial and temporal variability of driving forces and constraints on LUCC is central to understanding the scaling issues. This paper aims to 1) assess the heterogeneity of land cover change processes over the landscape in northern Ghana, where intensification of agricultural activities has been the dominant land cover change process during the past 15 years, 2) characterise dominant land cover change mechanisms for various spatial scales, and 3) identify the optimal spatial scale for LUCC modelling in a savanna landscape. A multivariate statistical method was first applied to identify land cover change intensity (LCCI), using four time-sequenced NDVI images derived from LANDSAT scenes. Three proxy land use change predictors: distance from roads, distance from surface water bodies, and a terrain characterisation index, were regressed against the LCCI using a multi-scale hierarchical adaptive model to identify scale dependency and spatial heterogeneity of LUCC processes. High spatial associations between the LCCI and land use change predictors were mostly limited to moving windows smaller than 10$\times$10km. With increasing window size, LUCC processes within the window tend to be too diverse to establish clear trends, because changes in one part of the window are compensated elsewhere. This results in a reduced correlation between LCCI and land use change predictors at a coarser spatial extent. The spatial coverage of 5-l0km is incidentally equivalent to a village or community area in the study region. In order to reduce spatial variability of land use change processes for regional or national level LUCC modelling, we suggest that the village level is the optimal spatial investigation unit in this savanna landscape.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.348-356
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• 2014

To understand the relationship between road-traffic noise and urban components such as population, building, road-traffic and land-use, the city of Cheongju that already has road-traffic noise maps of daytime and nighttime was selected for this study. The whole area of the city is divided into square cells of a uniform size and for each cell, the urban components are estimated. A spatial representative noise level for each cell is determined by averaging out population-weighted facade noise levels for noise exposure population within the cell during nighttime. The relationship between the representative noise level and the urban components is statistically modeled at the cell level. Specially, we introduce a spatial auto regressive model and a spatial error model that turns out to explain above 85 % of the noise level. These findings and modeling methods can be used as a preliminary tool for environmental planning and urban design in modern cities in consideration of noise exposure.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

Purpose : This study examined the social and environmental change in the outpatient department of psychiatry, were analyzed disease characteristics and using characteristics of the mental illness. Thus, this aims to provide a material that can be used for efficient spatial composition of psychiatry. Methods : This study was conducted through a literature review, observation surveys, interviews. Results : Psychiatry is aware of the need to respond to the current needs of ambulatory space, there are concerns that the spatial configuration for your needs. In accordance with the results of studies conducted are as follows: 1) Specialty care programs and space needs based on segmentation and specialization of the disease 2) Considered in conjunction with the layout of essential space and other departments 3) Spatial composition and furnishings for characteristic of psychiatry 4) Spatial configuration taking into account the patient's characteristic. Implications : This study looked at the change of social change and the environment related to psychiatry. Grasp the present state of spatial composition in psychiatry. And the use characteristics of patients and guardians were investigated. Meanwhile, studies of psychiatric outpatient department is still lacking. As a result, its significance is to analyze the spatial composition requirements.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.27-42
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial characteristics of the parcels in which building construction occurred. In recent, urban development patterns in Korea have been shifting from the past. Small-scale development at parcel level is becoming more important in accordance with individual location needs in the low-growth era unlike public lead large-scale urban development in the rapid growth period. Therefore, it is necessary to study the spatial characteristics of the parcels where small-scale development takes place for future urban development management. This study used the chi square independence test, t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to identify the spatial characteristics. The results of the study show that there is a spatial characteristics difference not only between building construction and non-building construction parcels, but also by type of building construction. The parcel where the building construction occurred have a higher proportion in detached house, major commercial districts, district unit planning areas, and commercial areas. In addition, it is caused by parcels, which are large scale and economically valuable, and are influenced by traffic factors such as urban centers and subway accessibility. As a result of each type of building construction, the parcels where the building use change occurred have spatial characteristic difference compared to other building construction, while the spatial characteristics are similar between the new construction/extension and new construction/extension with change of use. Based on this results, it will be possible to identify areas with high demand for small-scale development in the future and to utilize them for planning management of urban development. Furthermore, it will be possible to manage development demand by type of building construction, and to prepare differentiated plans considering the appropriateness of development plan, availability of infrastructure, and harmony with surrounding environment.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2009

Recently, with the advance of wireless internet and the frequent use of mobile devices, demand for LBS(Location Based Service) is increasing, and research is required on spatial indexes for the storage and maintenance of spatial data to provide efficient LBS in mobile device environments. In addition, the use of flash memory as an auxiliary storage device is increasing in order to store large spatial data in a mobile terminal with small storage space. However, the application of existing spatial indexes to flash-memory lowers index performance due to the frequent updates of nodes. To solve this problem, research is being conducted on flash-memory based spatial indexes, but the efficiency of such spatial indexes is lowered by low utilization of buffer and flash-memory space. Accordingly, in order to solve problems in existing flash-memory based spatial indexes, this paper proposed FR-Tree (Flash-Memory based R-Tree) that uses the node compression technique and the delayed write operation technique. The node compression technique of FR-Tree increased the utilization of flash-memory space by compressing MBR(Minimum Bounding Rectangle) of spatial data using relative coordinates and MBR size. And, the delayed write operation technique reduced the number of write operations in flash memory by storing spatial data in the buffer temporarily and reflecting them in flash memory at once instead of reflecting the insert, update and delete of spatial data in flash-memory for each operation. Especially, the utilization of buffer space was enhanced by preventing the redundant storage of the same spatial data in the buffer. Finally, we perform ed various performance evaluations and proved the superiority of FR-Tree to the existing spatial indexes.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1993

Current computer technologies developing. our requirements are changing from simple alpha-numeric processing to graphic and image. spatial data processing which are easy for user to understand and use. Geographic information system is a kind of spatial database system that can not only print out the data in the form of maps but also manipulate. store. retrieve. and analyze the geographic data. It is efficient system that can process the spatial data which has a geographical feature and its relative attribute data. Conventional relational database management systems are not suitable for spatial data processing, so we need to design the spatial database mana-gement system which is suitable for efficient spatial data processing. In this paper we design the extended storage management system that supports the spatial index technique that allows user to access fast and store and manage the enormous spatial data efficiently like geographic information system.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.978-993
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• 2013

It can be advantage as well as disadvantage to use the spatial weight matrix in a spatial regression model; it would benefit from explicitly quantifying spatial relationships between geographical units, but necessarily involve subjective judgment while specifying the matrix. We took Incheon City as a study area and investigated how the fitness of a spatial regression model changed by constructing various spatial weight matrices. In addition, we explored neighborhood segmentation in the study area and analyzed any influence of it on the model adequacy of two basic spatial regression models, i.e., spatial lagged and spatial error models. The results showed that it can help to improve the adequacy of models to specify the spatial weight matrix strictly, that is, interpreting the neighborhood as small as possible when estimating land price. It was also found that the spatial error model would be preferred in the area with serious spatial heterogeneity. In such area, we found that its spatial heterogeneity can be alleviated by delineating sub-neighborhoods, and as a result, the spatial lagged model would be preferred over the spatial error model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

When a spatial regression model that uses kernel density values as a dependent variable is applied to retail business data, a unique model cannot be selected because kernel density values change following kernel bandwidths. To overcome this problem, this paper suggests how to use the point pattern analysis, especially the L-index to select a unique spatial regression model. In this study, kernel density values of retail business are computed by the bandwidth, the distance of the maximum L-index and used as the dependent variable of spatial regression model. To test this procedure, we apply it to meeting room business data in Seoul, Korea. As a result, a spatial error model (SEM) is selected between two popular spatial regression models, a spatial lag model and a spatial error model. Also, a unique SEM based on the real distribution of retail business is selected. We confirm that there is a trade-off between the goodness of fit of the SEM and the real distribution of meeting room business over the bandwidth of maximum L-index.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-77
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• 2007

Role-based access control (RBAC) models are recently receiving considerable attention as a generalized approach to access control. In line with the increase in applications that deal with spatial data. an advanced RBAC model whose entities and constraints depend on the characteristics of spatial data is required. Even if some approaches have been proposed for geographic information systems. most studies focus on the location of users instead of the characteristics of spatial data. In this paper. we extend the traditional RBAC model in order to deal with the characteristics of spatial data and propose new spatial constraints. We use the object-oriented modeling based on open GIS consortium geometric model to formalize spatial objects and spatial relations such as hierarchy relation and topology relation. As a result of the formalization for spatial relations. we present spatial constraints classified according to the characteristics of each relation. We demonstrate our extended-RBAC model called OOGIS-RBAC and spatial constraints through case studies. Finally. we compare our OOGIS-RBAC model and the DAC model in the management of access control to prove the efficiency of our model.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.433-446
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• 2019

Environmental impact assessment has been performed as preliminary assessment system in order to conserve environment value and minimize negative effect from development. Assessment based on data has been necessary to strengthen objectivity in process of Environmental impact assessment process. Furthermore extended use of spatial information in Environmental impact assessment system has been required through spatial information provided at government level and possibility connected with spatial information in Environmental impact assessment. However spatial information has not been systematically utilized in current Environmental impact assessment. Also the environmental impact assessment workers including assessment government employees, agencies of Environmental impact assessment document and review agencies lack an understanding in the concept of spatial information, so there is limit about their use to efficiently. In order to improve these limits in use of spatial information, this study suggested measures to standardize spatial information (coordinate and attribute table). To do so, based on coordinate and standards certified by the government, this study defined standard coordinates (GRS-80, central datum point, False East: 100000, False North: 200000) and established 9 default items. Lastly, the aforementioned standards were tested for actual environmental impact assessment projects. Standardization measures suggested in this study are expected to contribute to invigorate spatial information utilization in Environmental impact assessment and expand the scope of the assessment.