• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Algal blooms occur seasonally in the eutrophicated rivers or reservoirs, and some harmful cyanobacteria species produce toxic substances, which are directly or indirectly harmful to the ecosystem and terrestrial animals. So, the monitoring and control of harmful cyanobacteria occurrence and toxins residual in the aquasystem are important to preserve the water environment and secure public health. In this study, the four harmful cyanobacteria occurrences and toxic substance concentrations of two agricultural reservoirs in the southern part of Gyeonggi Province were investigated from August to October 2022. Among four harmful cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp., Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., Aphanizomenon sp.), three kinds of cyanobacteria except Oscillatoria sp. were observed, and Microcystis sp. was the dominant cyanobacteria except for Anabaena sp. dominant result of a sample collected on October at reservoir B. The cell density of cyanobacteria was influenced by season and weather due to the length of daytime and concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen. Three kinds of microcystin and anatoxin-a were quantitatively analyzed as total (in the cell body and water) and extracellular (in water) concentrations. The maximum total concentrations of anatoxin-a, microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, and microcystin-YR were 0.1291 ㎍/L, 0.2776 ㎍/L, 0.3721 ㎍/L, and 0.0306 ㎍/L, respectively, in reservoir A and 0.3274 ㎍/L, 0.1495 ㎍/L, 0.2037 ㎍/L, and 0.0153 ㎍/L, respectively, in reservoir B.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.239-240
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• 2017

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

Three cases of simple exanthematous eruption were suspected during Sumsu (Bufonis Venenum) pharmacopuncture (SP) topical anesthesia for acupotomy. Patients had skin rash with pruritus on both ankle, posterior neck, and left shoulder after 11, 12, and 7 times of SP treatment, respectively. There were no cases of systemic manifestations or changes in vital signs. As a result of using the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) causality assessment, all the cases were evaluated as 'unlikely'. However, the results of using the Korean algorithm for assessing the causality of drug adverse reactions version 2.0 were evaluated as 'possible'. This report is the first case report on adverse events suspected of occurring after SP treatment. Although the causal relationship between suspected intervention and the adverse event is not clear, there was a difficulty in completely excluding the possibility. Additional safety studies will be required to make SP more widely available.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.575-583
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• 2000

Pulse oximetry is a well established non-invasive optical technique for monitoring the $SpO_2$ during anaesthesia, recovery and intensive care. Pulse oximeters determine the oxygen saturation level of blood by measuring the light absorption of arterial blood. In the measurement of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation, conventional method has required the technique of filtering of remove the noise, and of complex signal processing algorithm. So much time have been required to signal processing. In this research, we separate AC signal and DC signal in the stage of signal detection. Therefore we simplify the calculation algorithm for $SpO_2$. The implemented system have the high performance such an accuracy and a processing time than the traditional method.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.491-505
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to develop an algorithm for emergency nursing care of dyspneic patients. Methods: This methodological study was done through reviews of medical records and literatures, checklists of emergency nursing care for dyspneic patients, interviews with nurses, and experts' validity. Results: Firstly, the initial assessment confirmed the identification of airway patency, accessory muscle usage, RR, $SpO_2$, v/s, skin color, and mental status. Immediate emergency care provided oxygen, checked ABG, EKG, and chest X-ray, established a semi-fowler position, maintained IV routes, administered medication orders, and conducted careful monitoring. Secondly, if the patient exhibited $SpO_2$ of less than 90%, the nurse considered the patient's condition to be aggravated. Thirdly, if the patient showed improvement of more than 90% $SpO_2$, the nurse administered secondary assessment and carried out specific nursing care. However, if the patient continuously showed $SpO_2$ of less than 80%, the nurse assisted the intubation and then executed ventilator therapy. Conclusions: This study suggests that the algorithm is an effective decision tool and utilizing the algorithm is expected to improve the emergency nursing care for dyspneic patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

The use of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SP) for treatment of vivax malaria is uncommon in most malarious areas, but Plasmodium vivax isolates are exposed to SP because of mixed infections with other Plasmodium species. As P. vivax is the most prevalent species of human malaria parasites in Iran, monitoring of resistance of the parasite against the drug is necessary. In the present study, 50 blood samples of symptomatic patients were collected from 4 separated geographical regions of south-east Iran. Point mutations at residues 57, 58, 61, and 117 were detected by the PCR-RFLP method. Polymorphism at positions 58R, 117N, and 117T of P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase (Pvdhfr) gene has been found in 12%, 34%, and 2% of isolates, respectively. Mutation at residues F57 and T61 was not detected. Five distinct haplotypes of the Pvdhfr gene were demonstrated. The 2 most prevalent haplotypes were F57S58T61S117 (62%) and F57S58T61N117 (24%). Haplotypes with 3 and 4 point mutations were not found. The present study suggested that P. vivax in Iran is under the pressure of SP and the sensitivity level of the parasite to SP is diminishing and this fact must be considered in development of malaria control programs.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1780-1787
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• 2014

Arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) monitoring for newborns requires special attention in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Newborns have very low photo-plethysmogram (PPG) amplitudes and their body movements are difficult to contain. Hardware design and its associated signal processing algorithms should be robust enough so that faulty measurements can be avoided. In this study, improved designs were implemented to deal with low perfusion, motion artifact, and the influence of ambient light. Dynamic range was increased by using different LED intensities and a feedback system. To minimize the effects of motion artifact and to discard other unqualified data, four additional algorithms were used, which were based on dual-trace detection, continuity of DC level, morphology of PPG, and simultaneity check of $SpO_2$. Our $SpO_2$ system was tested with newborns with normal respiration in the NICU. Our system provided fast, real-time responses and 100% artifact detection was accomplished under 84% of $SpO_2$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2019

To establish the cooperative monitoring network which can investigate introductions or outbreaks of high risk insect pests into Korea, seven universities, Gyeongsang National University, Kunsan National University, Seoul National University, Sunchon National University, Andong National University, Jeju National University, and Chungbuk National University, carried out seven regions' monitoring about nine high risk insect pests, Aceria diospyri, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera minax, Bactrocera tsuneonis, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia botrana, Proeulia sp., Solenopsis invicta, Stephanitis takeyai, from June to October in 2018. A total of 7,560 traps/visual scouting were investigated in 315 points of 105 local sites of seven regions, resulting the nine species, A. diospyri, B. dorsalis, B. minax, B. tsuneonis, C. pomonella, L. botrana, Proeulia sp., S. invicta, and S. takeyai, were not detected. From this study, we established the nationwide monitoring system which can early detect high risk insect pests and secured a bridgehead for monitoring invasive insect pests passing the border.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 1997

In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases, each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO with plethysmograph.raph.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.114-124
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• 2003

The management methods of rooftop greening must be get ready without delay, Because rooftop greening has been generalized owing to the supporting project of The Seoul Metropolitan Government. Because most of the rooftop greening system is a recently-constructed low-management type, management methods should be made to suit it. This study is intended to set up a program for low-management rooftop greening based on "Choroktteul", the low management type of rooftop peening on the roof of one of the buildings in Seoul City Hall. Through monitoring, we found that most of the planted plants grew well but a few species needed physical management. We also found that invasive species(62 sp.) were 1.5 times as many as the planted plants. Most of the invasive plants were exotic species that need to be managed. The physical management methods were "pulling up" and "cutting". These methods should be carried out according to the growth stage. It was judged that a biological-ecological management program should be prepared through the long-period of monitoring and experiment. System methods such as guidelines of management program through monitoring was also required due to the emphasis on public ownership among the managers of the invasive species.