• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.687-698
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• 2012

This study was conducted to monitor and prevent outbreak of insect pestsin dredged soil dumping area after completion of dredging construction in Masan City. Monitoring was carried out using tent trap, colored sticky trap, and CDC light trap. A total of 217,073 individuals belonging to 23 species from 10 families in 3 orders were collected. In overwintering survey using tent trap, 3 species were collected. 2 species (Leptocera fuscipennis (Haliday) and Ephydra japonica Miyagi) of them were outbreak species. In color sticky trap, more than 96% of total individuals were comprised of five species: Urolepis maritima Walker (43%), E. japonica (19%), Fucellia sp. 1 (13%), Philotelma sp. 1 (10%), and Homalometopus sp. 1 (9%). In CDC light trap, three dominant species were Homalometopus sp. 1 (91%), Glyptotendipes tokunagai Sasa (6%), and L. fuscipennis (1%), representing about 98% of the total. To prevent damage caused by outbreak of insect pests, we carried out ecological control methods such as covering the fresh soil in outbreak area, using light trap, pumping up water and so on, minimizing use of thermal fogging and insect growth regulatorwhen the insect pest population was rapidly increasing.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.3_4
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• pp.105-112
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• 1971

The annual variation of algal vegetation at two reefs, A and 3, of Odong-do, Yeosu, was observed two times each month during the period from June 1970 to May 1971, and the results obtained are as follows : 1. The total number of the algal species occurred were 69 species, of which 12 species belong to Chlorophyceae, 17 species to Phaeophyceae and 40 species to Rhodophyceae. No significant difference was noticed in the occurrence number of algal species at the reefs observed. 2. Most species of the algal communities in each algal belt did not show seasonal variations, but the following species showed fluctuations iii cover degree : Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha sp., Sphacelaria sp., Scytosiphon iomentaria, Colpomenia sinuosa, Sargassum thunber gii, Pterocladia tenuis, Amphiroa ephedrea, Carpopeltis affinis, Gigartina tenera, Polysiphonia yendoi, Chondria crassicaulis, Symphyocladia atiuscula. 3. The species occurred in each algal belt at all two reefs did not show much variations and the main species in each belt are as follows: $200\~150cm$ belt - Gloiopeltis complanata, G. furcata, Enteromorpha sp., etc. : $150\~100cm$ belt - Ulva pertusa, Chondria crassicaulis, Sargassum thunbergii, etc. ; $100\~50cm$ belt - Gigartina tenera, Pterocladia tenuis, Scytosiphcn lomentaria, Polysiphonia yendoi, etc ; Below 50cm- Sargassum sagamianum, Cystophyllum sisymbrioides, Gelidium amansii, Acresorium yendoi, Microcladia elegance, etc. 4. The species occurred below 100cm level were almost the same at A and B reefs, but those above 100cm level at the A leef were different from the B reef; th: species of the algal belt of reef A were composed of Gloiopeltis complanata, Corallina pilulifera, Chondria crassicaulis, Sargassum thunbergii, Polysiphonia yendoi, Ulva Pertusa, etc., and those of reef B were composed of Gloiopeltis complanata, G. furcata, Enteromurpha sp. and Ulva pertusa, thus the main composition of reef B was very simple. 5. According to Taniguti's classification of marin: algal com nunity, the reefs observed belong to the Gigartina intermedia-Sargassum sagaminnum association (Sargasseto-Gigartinetum Taniguti) of Myelophycus caespitosus alliance (Myelophycion Taniguti).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.231-241
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• 2012

Diagnostic monitoring in fish farms with land-based tanks and netpen cases were conducted in eastern, western, southern and Jeju island of Korea during summer of 2007~2011. In total, 2413-fish samples of 4 marine fish species were tested for the detection of bacteria and parasite. Fish species tested were olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major), pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). During the diagnostic monitoring from 2007 to 2011, the infection rates by single infection of bacterial or parasitic pathogens were relatively higher than the mixed infections. The main bacterial pathogens in olive flounder, black rockfish and pacific white shrimp were Vibrio spp. (V. harveyi, V. ichthyoenteri, Vibrio sp.). The main bacterial pathogens in red sea bream were also Vibrio sp. and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. The main parasitic pathogens were both Miamiensis avidus and Trichodina sp. in olive flounder, Microcotyle sebastes in black rockfish, Microcotyle tai in red sea bream and Zoothamnium sp. in pacific white shrimp.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 1997

Among 120 microorganisms isolated from soil, KF-67 was the best producer of flocculant and was examined for flocculating ability in the kaolin clay and CaCl2 suspension. KF-67 was identified to be a species belong to the genus Agrobacterium sp. The influence of components of the culture medium for flocculant production by Agrobacterium sp. KF-67 was studied. The favorable carbon and inorganic nitrogen source for production of the flocculant were glucose and NH4NO3 and their addition concentrations were 2% and 0.1%, respectively. Addition of the organic nitrogen such as yeast extract, peptone and inorganic salt such as CaCO3 significantly increased the production of flocculant. These result indicated that the production of flocculant by Agrobacterium sp. was significantly affected by both organic nitrogen and inorganic salt. The components of the optimum culture medium were 2% glucose, 0.1% NH4NO3, 0.01% yeast extract, 0.01% peptone, 0.04% CaCO3, 0.03% NaCl in initial pH 7.5 when cultured with rotary shaker controlled at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 120 rpm. Under the optimum culture medium, flocculant production was highly improved about 76% than that isolation medium.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 1993

This study was conducted to mvestigate the natural enemies of chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu and their seasonal prevalence of adult emergence. The natural enemies Identified were as follows: Torymus sinensis, Torymus geranii, Eutytoma Brunniventris, Eurytoma s Setlgera, Megastigmus nipponicus, Megastigmus maculipennis, Ormyrus flavrtrbwlis, Ormyrus punctiger, Eupelmus urozonus, Euplmus sp., Sycophila vanegata, and Diptem sp. Among these natural enemies of the chestnut gall wasp, Torymus sinensis, Eurytoma setigem, and Eupelmus sp. were newly recorded this time In Korea. The seasonal prevalence of parasItic wasps have been investigated in Kyonggi ProvInce. Torymus sinensis which seems to be the most dominant parasitoid emerged from withered galls formed in the previous year April to eary May. The four parasitoids such as Torymus geranii, Sycophila variegata, Eupelmus urozonus and Eupelmus sp. emerged from withered previous year galls in April to May and also from current year galls in June to August. The other parasitoids emerged from only current year galls in June to August.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.119-128
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• 2010

Mode choice behavior is associated with travelers' latent behavior that is an unobservable preference to travel behavior or mode characteristics. This paper specifically addresses the problem of unobservable factors, that is latent behavior, in mode choice models. Consideration of latent behavior in mode choice models reduces the errors that come from unobservable factors. In this study, the authors defined the latent variables that mean a quantitative latent behavior factors, and developed the combined RP/SP model with latent variables using the mode choice behavior survey data. The data has traveler's revealed preference of existent modes along the Han River and stated preference of new water transit on the Han River. Also, The data has travelers' latent behavior. Latent variables were defined by factor analysis using the latent behaviour data. In conclusion, it is significant that the relationship between traveler's latent behavior and mode choice behavior. In addition, the goodness-of-fit of the mode choice models with latent variables are better than the model without latent variables.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

Studies were conducted to investigate the changes of teleomorph of Diatrype stigma on bed-log of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and appearance of secondary harmful fungi from December 1999 to August 2001. The color of stroma was changed from red brown to dark brown after 12 months. The size of ostioles became smaller and the number of ostioles decreased as time passed. Most of the ostioles disappeared after 20 months from toleomorph formation. Perithecia and ascospores were gradually disappeared, and perithecia containing ascospores were observed at 10% of bed-logs tested after 20 months. Concerning the secondary harmful fungi infecting the bedlog of shiitake after teleomorph of D. stigma, Hypoxylon truncatum (Anamorph : Nodulisporium sp.), Schizophyllum commune and Trichoderma spp. were observed on stroma of D. stigma. Penicillium sp. occurred on spore-horn of Libertella sp. (Anamorph of D. stigma). Besides, Hypoxylon howeianum and some species of Myxomycetes were observed. Also, Libertella sp. appeared again at some bed-logs.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

This study was conducted to confirm if spatial distribution of macrobenthic fauna were related with sedimentary characteristics. Sedimentary characteristics were compared in each community after carrying of community analysis based upon species composition. Macrobenthic animals were distinguished with 4 communities based on the tidal level, of which 3 communities were divided into two groups on the sediment composition. Common species which were presented in all communities, Nephtys californiensis Hartman 1938, Haploscoloplos elongatus Johnson 1901, Glycera sp., Heteromastus sp. Notomastus sp. Timarete amtarctica Mono 1930, Glysinde sp., Lumbrineris japonica Marenzeller 1879 were having different appearance densities at each community area caused by different sedimentary characteristics. But only two species among the common species have a correlation significantly. Temporal variation of common species could not be recognised because of 4 times of seasonal investigation was not enough know their life cycles. So, in the future more frequently sampling method should be required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.701-707
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• 2016

Indigenous species are needed for more accurate toxicity assessments in tropical regions. Thus, we determined not only the optimum culture conditions for stable maintenance of Nitocra sp. isolated from tropical regions but also the availability of copepods for marine ecotoxicological evaluation. Experiments on temperature, salinity, and diet as factors for optimum culture conditions as well as acute and chronic toxicity tests for ecotoxicological assessment were carried out. Data on optimum culture conditions were analyzed for statistically significant observations using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimum temperature and salinity for Nitocra sp. were $29^{\circ}C$ and 24~39‰, and Nitocra sp. fed Tetraselmis suecica had relatively faster development and higher survival than other microalga. Under optimum culture conditions, toxicity tests were carried out. The $LC_{50}$ level and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) levels of copper and arsenic were calculated in the acute toxicity test. In the chronic test of Cu and As, developmental time and survival traits were usable endpoints for toxicity assessments. As a result, tropical copepod Nitocra sp. seems to be a potential candidate organism for marine ecotoxicological evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2009

We constructed the deletion mutants of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe spNab2 gene that is homologous to poly(A)-binding protein NAB2 in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which plays crucial roles in mRNA 3' end formation and mRNA export from nucleus into the cytoplasm. A null mutant in an $h^+$/ $h^+$ diploid strain was constructed by replacing the spNab2-coding region with an $ura4^+$ gene using one-step gene disruption method. Tetrad analysis showed that the spNab2 is not essential for vegetative growth and mRNA export. However, over-expression of spNab2 cause the severe growth defects and intensive accumulation of poly(A) RNA in the nucleus. Also, the spNab2-GFP fusions were localized mainly in the nucleus. These results suggest that spNab2 is also involved in mRNA export out of the nucleus.