• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1987

Simulated acid rain (pH 4.0, pH 2.0) containing sulfuric and nitric acid in the ratio of 60:40 (chemical equivalent basis) diluted with underground water, and underground water (pH 6.5) as control were treated on potted Pines koraiensis seeds during the growing season (May 1 to August 31) in 1985. The regime of artificial acid rain, in terms of spray frequency and amount per plot, was simulated on the basis of climatological data averaged for 30 years of records. The seedling growth, contents of chemical substances in needles and chemical properties of the tested soil were compared among the various pH levels of acid rain on October 31, 1985. Following results were obtained. 1. With decreasing pH levels of acid rain, S and $K_2O$ contents in leaf tissue were increased, but MgO and $P_2O_5$ contents were decreased. 2. Soil pH was dropped, and exchangeable aluminum content in the tested soil was dramatically increased as the pH levels of acid rain decreased. 3. Exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium contents, and base saturation degree of the soil were significantly decreased with decreasing pH levels of acid rain. 4. Sulfate concentrations in the soil were significantly increased as rain pH decreased, but total nitrogen and available phosphate contents were not influenced by acid rain.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2011

In this research, behaviour of turbidity and phosphorus in water and soil dependent upon pH and a change of water was studied. Phosphorus dissolve rate from turbidity was increased for water if potential of hydrogen was less than pH 4 or more than pH 7. Turbidity release rate from soil was increased with pH. Turbidity release rate from soil was drastically increased for water if potential of hydrogen was more than pH 4. turbidity release rate from soil was stabilized more than pH 6. Dissolved phosphorus was increased from 2 hours to 24 hours and stabilized in 24 hours. Turbidity was reached the peak of 24 hours and decreased from 24 hours to 96 hours. Turbidity and dissolved phosphorus was decreased for water if these samples were changed a overlying water. Behaviour of turbidity was analogous to dissolved phosphorus when potential of hydrogen was increased from pH 6 to pH 10 and a change of overlying water was increased from 1 time to 4 times. These results suggest that phosphorus dissolve rate and turbidity were directiy correlated with pH. These results are of great importance in lakes because most lakes have a pH in the range of pH 7-10.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

Effects of magnesium sulfate ($MgSO_4$) and magnesium hydroxide $[Mg(OH)_2]$, which have different chemical characteristics, on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable cation distributions were investigated. Using plastic columns packed with a loam soil, the two Mg-fertilizers were treated at the rate of $300kg\;MgO\;ha^{-1}$ and water was applied on the soil surface four times at every 7 days. Soil samples were taken at 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm depth after 7 days of each water application. Magnesium hydroxide could increase soil pH, but due to the low solubility of $Mg(OH)_2$, the effect on pH was limited on the surface soil. Soil pH was lowered in the $MgSO_4$ treatment and the effect was found through the 20 cm depth. Since the pH decrease in $MgSO_4$ treated soil was due to the salts from $MgSO_4$, after leaching of most salts from the investigated soil depth pH was not significantly different from that of non-treated soil. Soil EC was increased in $MgSO_4$ treatment through the soil depth, but in $Mg(OH)_2$ treatment EC was slightly increased only at the surface layer. Exchangeable Mg was increased in both of the treatments at surface layer after the first water application. In $Mg(OH)_2$ treatment, the increase of exchangeable Mg was found only at 5 cm depth through the experiment, but leaching down of Mg in the $MgSO_4$ treatment was very apparent. High concentration of Mg in the $MgSO_4$ treated soil could effectively replace exchangeable Ca through the investigated soil depth, but the effect of $Mg(OH)_2$ on exchangeable Ca was not significant.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2016

This study investigated the reduction of residual pesticide in soil by using eight kinds of soil amendments such as shell, quick lime, dolomite, silicic acid, leaf mold, oil cake, bed soil and husk. A total of ten pesticides most frequently detected in agricultural soil were selected (azoxystrobin etc.) and soil amendments were treated in soils at a 2% application rate and incubated for 7 days. Pesticides were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS with QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure and pH was measured on 1, 3 and 7 days. This study showed that, soil amemdments were effective in reducing pesticides after 7days of incubation. Over 90% of azoxystrobin, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, fluquinconazole, imidacloprid, isoprothiolane and procymidone were decomposed from soils amended with 2% quick lime, whereas the concentration of boscalid, dimethomorph and triycyclazole were not decreased. The soil pH increased to 12.8-12.9 in soil amended with quick lime, but other soil conditioners did not change the soil pH. Quick lime was particularly effective in reducing residual pesticides.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.110-116
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• 1981

Soil surface charge which manipulates some important soil physico-chemical properties such as nutrient and water holding abilities, colloidal stability and soil erosion was investigated in wide range of soil pH, using soils developed originally from same volcanic ash deposit but under different rainfall condition in Hawaii. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Ustollic Camorthid (Kawaihae soil) which was developed under the lowest rainfall (less than 500 mm/yr) revealed low Z.P.C. (4.5-5.0) and less dependence of net charge on concentration of indifferent electrolytes. 2. Typic Hydrandepts (Akaka and Hilo soils) which were developed under the high rainfall (3050-7600 mm/yr) showed the Z.P.C. in between 5.5-7.0 and high dependence of net charge on concentration of indifferent electroytes. 3. It was found by X-ray diffraction together with total chemical analysis that amorphous materials were dominant (above 6.0%) in Typic Hydrandepts while dehydrated halloy-site (1 : 1 clay minerals) was dominant (45-50%) in Ustollic Camorthid. 4. In spite of little difference in particle size distribution of the soils, the difference of specific surface area was remarkable showing the order of Akaka (289) > Hilo (268) > Kawaihae (93). 5. It was evident, taking account of apparent field pH values, 5.2 of Akaka, 5.5 of Hilo and 7.0 of Kawaihae soil, respectively, that Akaka, and Hilo soils would show either positive or near zero (+ or 0) of ${\Delta}pH$ while Kawaihae soil would exhibit negative (-) of ${\Delta}pH$ at natural field condition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of lime and phosphorus on soil and yield of rice plants in acid sulfate soil. 1. Lime requirement plus phosphorus (20Kg/10a) plot showed 60% increased in yield. 2. The effect of increase was 36% in lime and 15% in phosphorus. 3. pH and Eh were reversed each other by lime application, and lime and phosphorus increased soil reduction. 4. Sixty two percent of root was distributed in top soil (0-5cm) of control plot while it spreaed in sub soil (5-10cm) with high level of lime and phosphorus plot. 5. Soil pH reached maximum at maximum tillering stage and decreased there after approching near to original pH. But lime requirement was about half of original one. 6. There was significant positive correlation between yield silica or phosphorus in soil, which were high with increase of pH. 7. The application of lime and phosphorus increased nitrogen content in plants. When contents of phosphorus in rice plants were high the yield of rice was increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1010-1015
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to investigate soil chemical characteristics for forest rehabilitation and suggest management in abandoned coal mine areas in Hwasun-gun, South Jeolla Province. Total study sites were 8 sites, and soil analysis particular were soil pH, TOC, total-N, C/N ratio, Avail. $P_2O_5$, and CEC. Average soil pH was 5.8 (4.7~6.4). Average contents of TOC, total-N and C/N ratio were 1.1% (0.2~2.0%), 0.08% (0.02~0.13%) and 15.0 (7.9~31.4), respectively. Average Avail. $P_2O_5$ was $8.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ (2.7~15.0) and Average CEC was $13.7cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ ($9.9{\sim}18.5cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$). Soil pH was decreased according to elapsed time from forest rehabilitation, while TOC, total N and CEC were increased. Av. $P_2O_5$ did not show any relationship with elapsed time. Soil pH was stable comparing with general forest soil in South Jeolla Province (5.1), while contents of TOC and total N were lower than general forest soil in South Jeolla Province (4.9% and 0.18%, respectively). Therefore, sustainable managements such as fertilization for TOC and total N are necessary for good rooting and growth of vegetation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Effects of air pollutants on the chemical properties of soil in Yoch'on inductrial complex were investigated. Soil pH showed severe acidity with average value of 4.3$\pm$0.13. Soil pH decreaed along the increase in altitute of Mt. Jeseok. Soil organic matter and total N was 19.2$\pm$3.6% and 4.7$\pm$0.25mg/g, respectively, which were higher than those of unpolluted area, Kongju. Available P was 41.2$\pm$3.7 $\mu$g/g, which was 4 times greater than that of unpolluted area, Kongju. Average content of total-S was 283.5$\pm$14.1 $\mu$g/g, which was 10 times greater than that of unpolluted area. Content of available Al was o.43$\pm$0.03 mg/g, which was 2 times greater than that of unpolluted area. Available Al increased as the soil pH decrease. Contents of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg were significantly lower than those in unpolluted area, because of severe leaching in acid soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 1991

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen(urea) application on the seasonal change in pH content of Bray No.1-P, organic matter, and exchangeable cations along the grassland soil profile and further to provide the fundamental information for optimizing the rate of fertilizer application to grassland. Soil samples were taken 20cm intervals upto 100cm soil depth in spring(May 26), summer(July 27), and autumn (October 18) of 1990. The obtained results are summerized as follow 1. In spring and summer, soil pH at 0-20cm soil depth of 28kg N/10a treatment was lowered by 0.7 and 1.0 in comparison with those the same soil depth of 0 kg N/10a treatment and the tendency in pH decrease during all season at the soil depth below 20cm was in the order of summer>spring>autumn. 2. Although Bray No.1-P content at the soil depth 0-20cm of 28kg N/10a treatment was lowered by 20ppm compared to 0 kg N/10a treatment in summer, there was no great difference in its content between 0kg N/10a and 28kg N/10a treatment at all soil depth in spring and summer. In autumn, its content at soil depth below 20cm of 28kg N/10a treatment was higher than that of in summer. 3. Organic matter content at 0-20cm soil depth of 0 and 28kg N/10a treatment in autumn was slightly lowered and on the whole there was very little change in it by soil depth and nitrogen application. 4. The calcium content of 0 and 28kg N/10a treatment was also slightly lowered by increase in soil depth and Mg and K contents were below 0.4 and 0.2 me/100g during all seasons, respectively. 5. Positive correlations were shown among the $NH_4-N$ content and pH, organic matter, Ca and Mg of 0 kg N/10a treatment, however, there was negative correlation ($r=-0.534^{*}$) between $NO_3-N$ content and pH of 28kg N/10a treatment in summer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1999

Investigation of nutrient movement in soil and soil water is necessary to clarify water purification functions and nutrient circulation within a forest ecosystem. In this study, seasonal changes in the nutrient content of soil and soil water was investigated in Korean white pine(Pinus koraiensis) and Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis) forest applied urea ($150kg\;ha^{-1}$). Soil pH was decreased rapidly in Japanese larch plot for a long period. On the other hand, soil pH was increased slightly in Korean white pine plot. T-C and T-N content were increased in both plots. In Japanes larch plot, exchangeable Ca and Mg contents were decreased remarkably than those in korean white pine plot while exchangeable K was increased rapidly after application. The effect of urea application on exchangeable K was not obvious compared to other cations. The pH, Ca, $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$, $SO_4-S$ and Cl concentrations in the sampled soil water at surface soil were increased only temporarily after fertilization, with the only exception of the decrease in pH of the soil water in Japanese larch plot. On the other hand, the peak value of K, Mg concentrations in the soil water was shown between 2 and 5 months after fertilization. The concentrations of Ca, $NO_3-N$, $SO_4-S$ and Cl returned to the values found before fertilization after about 1 month. Those of K, Mg, and $NO_3-N$ after 6-12 months.