• 약학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2014

The aim of this was to evaluate the effects of Rhus Verniciflua Stoke (RVS) extract powder on the endurance capacity for the forced swimming mice. Thirty mice were divided into 3 groups including negative control, 250 (RVS-250) and 500 (RVS-500) mg/kg RVS extract powder groups for 4-times swimming exercises. The swimming times to exhaustion in RVS-250 and RVS-500 mice were prolonged 1.6- and 2.0-fold at 4 weeks compared with negative control mice, respectively. Blood biochemical parameters for AST, ALT, T-CHO and TG were not significantly different between RVS fed or negative control mice. However, blood concentration of creatinine was significantly increased in RVS-250 mice, but not in RVS-500 mice. During the longer swimming exercise in RVS group, blood glucose and lactate levels were significantly decreased, but free fatty acid not changed. And also LDH levels were significantly decreased in RVS groups compared to negative control mice. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was not affected by RVS, but SOD and catalase activity were significantly increased in RVS groups. Interestingly, the levels of testosterone and free testosterone were significantly increased in RVS groups before swimming exercise, but they were not significantly changed among groups after swimming exercise. The present results suggest that RVS extract powders may enhance swimming exercise performance by recovering the exercise-fatigue via reduction of blood LDH activity and by burning blood glucose as an energy source. These results imply that RVS-produced testosterone may act as an energy buster to enhance physical activity.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2004

금앵자 추출물이 과산화지 질을 급여한 횐 쥐의 혈장 및 간장지질구성과 항산화능에 미치는 영향을 검토했다 혈장 총 콜레스테롤 량은 과산화지질 첨가군 모두가 정상군보다 증가하였으나, 금앵자 추출물 첨가에 의해 하락하였다. 혈장HDL-cholesterol량은 금앵자 첨가군이 대조군 보다 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 혈장 중성지질량은 정상군과 금앵자 첨가군은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 대조군 보다 낮은 수치를 보였다. 간장의 총 콜레스테롤 량은 전 처리군에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 중성지질 량은 정상군과 금앵자 첨가군은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 대조군 보다 낮은 수치를 보였다 혈장내 TBARS량은 정상군과 금앵자군은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 대조군 보다 낮은 수치를 보였다. 간장내 TBARS량은 과산화지질 첨가에 의해 증가하였으나, 금앵자 첨가에 의해 하락했다. 혈장 GOT 및 GPT의 활성치는 관산화지질 첨가군에서 증가하였으나, 금앵자처리에 의해 하락했다(P＆lt;0.05). 간장 GSH-Px, SOD 및 CAT활성치는 금앵자처리에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.330-340
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• 2019

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the integrated effect of zinc (Zn) with other nutrients in managing early blight (EB) disease in tomato. A pot experiment was carried out with basal application of the recommended level of macronutrients [nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)] and micronutrients [magnesium (Mg) and boron (B)] in bilateral combination with Zn (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in a completely randomized deigned in replicates. Results revealed that interactive effect of Zn with Mg or B was often futile and in some cases synergistic. Zn with NPK yield synergistic outcome, therefore EB disease was managed significantly (disease incidence: 25% and percent severity index: 13%), which resulted in an efficient signaling network that reciprocally controls nutrient acquisition and uses with improved growth and development in a tomato plant. Thus, crosstalk and convergence of mechanisms in metabolic pathways resulted in induction of resistance in tomato plant against a pathogen which significantly improved photosynthetic pigment, total phenolics, total protein content and defense-related enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)]. The tremendous increase in total phenolics and PAL activity suggesting their additive effect on salicylic acid which may help the plant to systemically induce resistance against pathogen attack. It was concluded that interactive effect of Zn (5.0 mg/kg) with NPK significantly managed EB disease and showed positive effect on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes therefor use of Zn + NPK is simple and credible efforts to combat Alternaria stress in tomato plants.

• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2018

This study evaluated the protective effects of a combination of eight B. abortus recombinant proteins that were cloned and expressed into a pMal vector system and $DH5{\alpha}$: nucleoside diphosphate kinase (rNdk), 50S ribosomal protein (rL7/L12), malate dehydrogenase (rMDH), DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein (rDps), elongation factor (rTsf), arginase (rRocF), superoxide dismutase (rSodC), and riboflavin synthase subunit beta (rRibH). The proteins were induced, purified, and administered intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice. The mice were immunized three times at weeks 0, 2, and 5 and then infected intraperitoneally (IP) with $5{\times}10^4CFU$ of virulent B. abortus 544 one week after the last immunization. The spleens were collected and the bacterial burden was evaluated at four weeks post-infection. The results showed that this combination produced a significant reduction of the bacterial burden in the spleen with a log reduction of 1.01 compared to the PBS group. Cytokine analysis revealed induction of the cell-mediated immune response in that TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (Interleukin 6) and MCP-1 (macrophage chemoattractant protein-1) were elevated significantly. In summary, vaccination with a combination of eight different proteins induced a significant protective effect indicative of a cell mediated immune response.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurological disorder characterized by the deterioration of motor neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate alteration of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT-1) activity in the transport of lysine and the pretreatment effect of lysine on pro-inflammatory states in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cell line. The mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporter 1 was lower in NSC-34/hSOD1^G93A (MT) than the control cell line (WT), lysine transport is mediated by CAT-1 in NSC-34 cell lines. The uptake of [³H]L-lysine was Na⁺-independent, voltage-sensitive, and strongly inhibited by inhibitors and substrates of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (system y⁺). The transport process involved two saturable processes in both cell lines. In the MT cell line, at a high-affinity site, the affinity was 9.4-fold higher and capacity 24-fold lower than that in the WT; at a low-affinity site, the capacity was 2.3-fold lower than that in the WT cell line. Donepezil and verapamil competitively inhibited [³H]L-lysine uptake in the NSC-34 cell lines. Pretreatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased the uptake of [³H]L-lysine and mRNA expression levels in both cell lines; however, the addition of L-lysine restored the transport activity in the MT cell lines. L-Lysine exhibited neuroprotective effects against pro-inflammatory states in the ALS disease model cell lines. In conclusion, studying the alteration in the expression of transporters and characteristics of lysine transport in ALS can lead to the development of new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2022

MitoNEET, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein containing the Asn-Glu-Glu-Thr (NEET) sequence, controls the formation of intermitochondrial junctions and confers autophagy resistance. Moreover, mitoNEET as a mitochondrial substrate undergoes ubiquitination by activated Parkin during the initiation of mitophagy. Therefore, mitoNEET is linked to the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy. Mitophagy is the selective removal of the damaged or unnecessary mitochondria, which is crucial to sustaining mitochondrial quality control. In numerous human diseases, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria by impaired mitophagy has been observed. However, the therapeutic strategy targeting of mitoNEET as a mitophagy-enhancing mediator requires further research. Herein, we confirmed that mitophagy is indeed activated by mitoNEET inhibition. CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone), which leads to mitochondrial depolarization, induces mitochondrial dysfunction and superoxide production. This, in turn, contributes to the induction of mitophagy; mitoNEET protein levels were initially increased before an increase in LC3-II protein following CCCP treatment. Pharmacological inhibition of mitoNEET using mitoNEET Ligand-1 (NL-1) promoted accumulation of Pink1 and Parkin, which are mitophagy-associated proteins, and activation of mitochondria-lysosome crosstalk, in comparison to CCCP alone. Inhibition of mitoNEET using NL-1, or mitoNEET shRNA transfected into RAW264.7 cells, abrogated CCCP-induced ROS and mitochondrial cell death; additionally, it activated the expression of PGC-1α and SOD2, regulators of oxidative metabolism. In particular, the increase in PGC-1α, which is a major regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, promotes mitochondrial quality control. These results indicated that mitoNEET is a potential therapeutic target in numerous human diseases to enhance mitophagy and protect cells by maintaining a network of healthy mitochondria.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.57-57
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• 2021

Oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) induces neuronal injury via mechanisms that are believed to mimic the pathways associated with brain ischemia. Stachys sieboldii Miq. (Chinese artichoke), which has been extensively used in oriental traditional medicine to treat of ischemic stroke; however, the role of S. sieboldii Miq. (SSM) in OGD/R induced neuronal injury is not yet fully understood. The present research is aimed to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of SSM extract treatment in an in vitro model of OGD/R to simulate ischemia/reperfusion Injury. Pretreatment of these cells with SSM significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing GPx, SOD, and decreasing MDA. SSM decreased mitochondrial damage caused by OGD/R injury and inhibited the release of cyt-c from mitochondrion to cytoplasm in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, neuronal cell apoptosis caused by OGD/R injury was inhibited by SSM, and SSM could decrease apoptosis by increasing ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibiting caspase signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. SSM demonstrated a neuroprotective effect on the simulated cerebral ischemia in vitro model, and this effect was the inhibition of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway by scavenging of ROS generation. Therefore, SSM may be a promising neuroprotective strategy against ischemic stroke.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2007

본 연구는 배암차즈기 메탄을 추출물의 생리활성 및 기능성을 검토하기 위해서 항산화효과 및 아질산염 소거능을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 배암차즈기 메탄을 추출물의 전자공여능(RC$_{50}$)은 51.10 ${\mu}$g/ml로 나타났고 SOD 유사활성은 추출물(0.92mg/ml)을 첨가하였을때 62.11%로 가장 높게 관찰되었으며, linoleic acid에 대한 항산화력은 추출물 (0.2mg/ml)을 첨가하여 지질과산화물을 측정한 결과 배양시간 1, 2, 4일 경과후 각각 72.86%, 77.18%, 78.32% 감소율을 보임으로써 효과적인 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 총 페놀함량은 gallic acid equivalents (GAE)로 측정되었고, 202.35${\pm}$ 1.26 GAE ${\mu}$ extract으로 조사되었다. 아질산염 소거능은 복합 생약추출물(0.2mg/ml)을 첨가하였을 때 pH 1.2조건에서 44.29%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 pH가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 배암차즈기 메탄을 추출물은 우수한 항산화 효과와 아질산염 소거능을 나타냄으로써 기능성 식품 소재 및 식품 첨가물로써 사용가능 하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.872-880
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glucuronic acid on antioxidative defense system and recovery of muscle fatigue in rat artier aerobic exercise. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 150 $\pm$ 10g were randomly assigned to one normal(N) group and three exercise training groups. Exercise training groups were classified into glucuronic acid free intubation group(T group), 250mg glucuronic acid/kg bw intubation group(TU group), and 500 mg glucuronic acid/kg bw intubation group(2TU group) according to glucuronic acid supplementation level. The glucuronic acids were administered to rats by oral intubation before exercise training. The experimental rats in exercise training groups(T, TU and 2TU) were exercised on glucuronic acid supplementation or rats in normal group were confined in cage for 4 weeks. And rats were sacrificed with an overdose of pentobarbital injection just after running. Liver xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities were not significantly different among four groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in T group was no significant difference from N group, but those of TU and 2TU groups were increased by 9% and 18%, respectively, compared with that of T group. Liver glutathione peroxidase(GSHpx) activites of T and TU groups showed a similar tendency to that of normal group, but increase 17% in 2TU group compared with normal group. The ratio of GSH/GSSG in liver of T group was lower than that of normal group, but those of TU and 2TU groups were a similar tendency to that of normal group. Contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) in T group was increased by 47%, compared with that of normal group but those of TU group and 2TU group were lower 27% and 35%, respectively, compared with that of T group. The contents of glycogen in soleus muscle significantly lower in all three trained exercise groups than that of normal group, but there were no significant differences among the trained exercise groups. Contents of hepatic glycogen in T group were decreased 27% compared with those of normal group while those of TU and 2TU groups were the same as normal group levels. The contents of serum lactic acid in T group were increased 240% of normal group, but hose of TU and 2TU groups were decreased 38%, 39%, respectively, by glucuronic acid supplementations, compared with that of T group. In conclusion, the effects of glucuronic acids in exercise training rats would appear to reduce peroxidation of tissue as an antioxidative defense mechanism and promote recovery of muscle fatigue.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.1525-1532
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• 2013

말채나무 열수추출물의 항산화 활성을 알아보기 위해 HepG2 세포에 TBHP로 산화 스트레스를 유도한 뒤 말채나무 열수추출물의 세포 보호효과, ROS 생성억제, 지질과산화 억제 및 GSH 생성에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 말채나무 열수추출물은 HepG2 세포에 TBHP로 산화 스트레스를 유도한 뒤 나타나는 세포독성에 대해 농도 의존적으로 유의하게 세포 보호효과를 보였으며, ROS 생성과 과산화물에 대한 지표로서 측정한 MDA도 말채나무 열수추출물에 의해 효과적으로 억제되었다(P<0.05). 또한 항산화 성분으로 생체 내에서 산화 및 환원반응에 중요한 역할을 하며 항산화 효소인 GSH-Px, GST에 전자공여체로 작용하는 GSH의 생성촉진 효능에서도 말채나무 열수추출물은 산화 스트레스로 감소된 GSH의 생성을 농도 의존적으로 촉진시켰다(P<0.05). 산화 스트레스에 의해 활성이 증가된 항산화 효소(CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, GR)도 말채나무 열수추출물의 처리로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 말채나무 열수 추출물은 인체 내에서 질병과 노화를 일으키는 원인 물질인 활성산소에 대해 강한 항산화 활성을 나타냄에 따라 보다 다양한 형태의 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.