• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2004

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme which catalyzes superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. A Cu, Zn sod-like gene was found in Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding 151 amino acids. To demonstrate its function, a recombinant virus named dsBmNPV with deleted sod gene was constructed. It was discovered that the sod gene was not essential for viral replication. Studies on growth of budded virus in BmN cells and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in vivo after dsBmNPV infection showed that the titer of dsBmNPV decreased obviously comparing to wild type BmNPV, the sod gene was effective on genomic DNA replication of baculovirus, the peak of SOD activity of silkworm infected with wt-BmNPV appeared between 36 and 48 hrs post infection, and with dsBmNPV, it did not appear. And the changes of CAT activity after infection were similar to SOD activity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.33-34
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• 2004

Effect of dietary 2.0 % brown seaweed(Undaria pinnatifida) with bean extract on anti-oxidant system and TNF-$\alpha$ levels were evaluated in blood of 2 week-old broiler chicks activated innate immune response. Dietary brown seaweed and activation of innate immune response decreased MnSOD activities. while activation of innate immune reponse only increased CuZnSOD activities in erythrocyte cytosol. Activation of innate immune response lowered plasma SOD activity in birds fed seaweed with bean extract, increased peroxide levels, and decreased peroxidase activity in plasma. Brown seaweed with bean extract reduced TNF-$\alpha$ levels and increased ovotransferrins concentrations in plasma. The result indicated that dietary 2.0 % brown seaweed with bean extract affect innate immune response changing anti-oxidant system and TNF-$\alpha$ levels in broiler chicks.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1994

The participation of superoxide in initiating tissue damage derived from xenobiotics is best illustrated by paraquat intoxication. In the present study, the roles of superoxide dismutase and catalase on paraquat-induced cell injury were investigated using primary cultured rat skin fibroblast. The degree of cell injury was assassed by the conversion of reduced MTT to a blue formazan. Paraquat produced concentration-and time-related cell injury in cultured rat skin fibroblast. Paraquat induced-cell injury was aggravated by pretreatment of aminotriazol (AT: 10 mM), an catalase inhibitor, and attenuated by addition of catalase (100∼500 unit/ml). However, the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC : 10 mM), copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) inhibitor, and Cu, Zn-SOD on paraquat-induced injury were not significant. These results suggest that hydrogen peroxide might be more responsible factor than superoxide in the pathogenesis of paraquat-induced cell injury.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.150-155
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• 2001

This study examined effects of the active ingredients from ginseng on paraquat(PQ) toxitity. Mice were given PQ(25mg/kg, ip) and then they were given total saponins (TS; 5mg/kg, orally), protopanaxadiol (PD; 5mg/kg, orally) and protopanaxatriol(PT; 5mg/kg, orally) per day for periods of 1,3 & 7 days. We measured the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), electrophoretic isozyme band, catalase (CAT) were compared in the liver of mouse that dose with PQ and/or TS, PD and PT. The activities of SOD, CAT were generally higher in PQ+PD group than others groups. Especially the activity of SOD was the highest in PQ+PD group than others groups. SOD isozyme separated into three bands by electrophoresis. One band was located to near the anode side and two bands were cathode side. As the results of treated with KCN, we were confiremed that the Cu, Zn-SOD was located to near the anode side but the Mn-SOD were cathode side. Our results suggested that an antioxidant effect of ginseng saponins elevated a protection ability to an oxidative damage by direct action of SOD, CAT and reinforced the synthetic ability of endogenous antioxidant material in living organism. Particularly, PD was a effective antioxidant compared with others.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2008

Lentiviral vector system is efficient vehicles for the delivery of exogenous genes, and it is generally used in the generation of transgenic chickens. In this study, we used recombinant lentiviral vectors to generate transgenic chicks that express the human superoxide dismutase-3 gene driven by the chicken ovalbumin promoter. It is well known that superoxide dismutases(SODs) are believed to play a crucial role in protecting cells against oxygen toxicity. There are three forms of SOD proteins: cytosolic Cu-Zn SOD, mitochondrial Mn SOD, and extracellular SOD(SOD-3). The recombinant lentivirus containing the human SOD-3 gene was injected into the subgerminal cavity of freshly laid eggs. Subsequently, the embryos were incubated to hatch using phases II and III of the surrogate shell ex vivo culture system. From 341 injected embryos, the 78 chicks hatched after 21 days incubation. The hatched chicks were screened for the human SOD-3 gene by using PCR. Two of 47 male chickens that survived to sexual maturity contained the human SOD-3 gene in their semen. These results showed that our transgenic chicken generation system was completely established.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2004

The effect of dietary Antartic krill(Euphausia Superba) meal on the performance of broiler chicks during the acute phase responses was studied. One d-old male broiler chicks(Avian) were fed on the experimental basal (0.0 % krill meal), and 0.5 and 1.0 % krill meal diets, and then the acute phase response were activated by injecting Salmonella typhymurium lipopolisaccharide(LPS) three times i. p. at 8, 10 and 12 day of age. The 1.0% krill meal diet group had reduced daily gain and feed efficiency during the acute phase response of the 2nd week of age, while during recovery from the acute phase response of the 3rd week of age the lowered performance disappeared. The acute phase response increased the relative weight of liver and spleen, and dietary krill meal enhanced the activities of MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD in liver and erythrocyte cytosols during the acute phase response, although neither the acute phase response or dietary krill meal affected significantly PHA-p hypersensitivity. The results indicated that dietary krill meal affected the performance and SOD activity of broilers chicks during the acute phase response.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 1995

Using superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the oxygen toxicity induced by paraquat was studied. In aerobic culture condition, yeasts lacking MnSOD (milochondrial SOD) showed more significant growth retardation than CuZnSOD (cytoplasmic SOD)-deficient yeasts. However, not so big differences in growth pattern of those mutants compared with wild type were observed under anaerobic condition. When exposed to paraquat, the growth of yeasts lacking CuZnSOD was severely affected by higher than 0.01mM of paraquat in culture medium. By the analysis of several cellular components ivolved in free radical generating and scavenging system, it was found that, under aerobic condition, the content of lipid peroxides in cell membrane as well as cellular activity of glutathion peroxidase of CuZnSOD-deficient mutants was increased in the presence of paraquat, although significant decrease of catalase activity was observed in those stratns. In MnSOD-deficient yeast, however, increment in cellular activity of glutathion peroxldase and catalase by paraquat was observed without any deterioration of membrane lipid. It implies that the lack of mitochondrial SOD could be compensated by both of glutathion peroxldase and catalase, but that only glutathion peroxidase might act for CuZnSOD in cytoplasm. In contrast, all of SOD-deficient mutants showed a significant decrease in catalase activity, but slight increase in the activities of glutathion peroxidase, when cultivated anaerobically in the medium containing paraquat. Nevertheless, any significant changes of lipid peroxides in cell membranes were not observed during anaerobic cultivation of SOD-deficient mutants. It suggests that a little amount of free radicals generated by paraquat under anaerobic condition could be sufficiently overcome by glutathion peroxidase but not by catalase.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.28-30
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• 2004

Effect of dietary brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) levels on the performance, nutrients utilization, and blood anti-oxidant system was studied in broiler chicks activated innate immune response. Brown seaweed 2.0 % diet improved performance of broiler chicks and resulted in enhanced feed efficiency due to the increased NB and decreased UAN excretion significantly (P<0.05). Dietary brown seaweed reduced SOD activity in erythrocyte cytosol and enhanced peroxidase activity in plasma significantly(P<0.05). Activation of innate immune response increased SOD activity and peroxide levels in blood. The results indicated that dietary brown seaweed affected SOD and peroxidase activity and the increased performance in birds fed brown seaweed 2.0 % diet related with decreased decomposition of body protein and the change of anti-oxidant systems in blood of broiler chicks during activation of innate immune response.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.212-215
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• 2002

A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-based superoxide ion $(O_2^-)$ sensor was fabricated by immobilizing SOD on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) which was prepared on a gold electrode. The SAM of MPA was found to function as an effective promoter for the electrode reaction of SOD. The amperometric response to $(O_2^-)$ was monitored at 300mV and -100mV vs. Ag/ Agel in 5mM phosphate buffer solution containing $KO_2$. The sensor was proved to have a high sensitivity, selectivity and short response time (<5 s) and negligible interference.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 1996

The activities of the antioxidative enzymes in the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata have been compared depending on the cultivated environments - wildness, cultivate paddy fields and cultivate dry fields - and the parts of the root. In the Codonopsis lanceolata raised in cultivate paddy fields, the activity of SOD was higher in 2 yrs old than 1 yr old, but the activity in 1 yr old was higher than in 2 yrs old for the plants raised in the cultivate dry fields. The specific activity of SOD in wildness plants 86.069unit/mg protein was the highest among plants studied. The tissue distribution of the SOD activity showed differences depending on the enviroment. The highest activity of SOD was shown in the upper part of the root for the cultivate paddy fields, the loewr parts for the cultivate dry fields and middle parts for the wildness. The specific activity of POD was increased with ages of the plants, and that in the wildness was the highest 68 unit/mg protein among the plants studied. The activity of POD in the parts of the roots was shown as middle>lower>upper. The activity of POD in the middle part of the root, rasied in Soebick province was 85 unit/mg protein. The specific activity of CAT was decreased with ages of the plants. The activities of wildness and cultivate paddy fields was similar, but that in cultivate dry fields was lower than others. The tissue distribution in the parts of the roots was upper>lower>middle. The activity of CAT middle part of rasied in the Sebuck area was 5.359 unit/mg protein. The activities antioxidative in the cells cultured in MSID(Murashige and Skoog +2.4-D 1mg/$\iota$) was followings: 1564 for CAT. 30 for POD and 22200 unit/mg protein for SOD. These figures were lower than that in in vivo.