• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.745-764
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• 2023

In the Republic of Congo, Banded iron formations (BIFs) occur in two areas: the Chaillu Massif and the Ivindo Basement Complex, which are segments of the Archean Congo craton outcropping in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the country. They show interesting potential with significant mineral resources reaching 2 Bt and grades up to 60% Fe. BIFs consist mostly of oxide-rich facies (hematite/magnetite), but carbonate-rich facies are also highlighted. They are found across the country within the similar geological sequences composed of amphibolites, gneisses and greenschists. The Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized patterns of BIFs show enrichment in elements such as SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, CaO, P₂O₅, Cr, Cu, Zn, Nb, Hf, U and depletion in TiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, Na₂O, K₂O, Sc, Th, Ba, Zr, Rb, Ni, V. REE diagrams show slight light REEs (rare earth elements; LREEs) compared to heavy REEs (HREEs), and positive La and Eu anomalies. The lithological associations, as well as the very high (Eu/Eu^*)_SN ratios> 1.8 shown by the BIFs, suggest that they are related to Algoma-type BIFs. The positive correlations between Zr and TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Hf suggest that the contamination comes mainly from felsic rocks, while the absence of correlations between MgO and Cr, Ni argues for negligeable contributions from mafic sources. Pr/Pr^* vs. Ce/Ce^* diagram indicates that the Congolese BIFs were formed in basins with redox heterogeneity, which varies from suboxic to anoxic and from oxic to anoxic conditions. They were formed through hydrothermal vents in the seawater, with relatively low proportions of detrital inputs derived from igneous sources through continental weathering. Some Congolese BIFs show high contents in Cr, Ni and Cu, which suggest that iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) have been leached through hydrothermal processes associated with submarine volcanism. We discussed their tectonic setting and depositional environment and proposed that they were deposited in extensional back-arc basins, which also recorded hydrothermal vent fluids.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2020

Bakanae disease, caused by Gibberella fujikuroi, is one of the most devastating diseases threatening rice production in Korea. In recent years, the incidence of bakanae disease became alarming due to the mechanical transplanting practice where the spread of bakanae can be amplified during accelerating seeds growth, due to the use of seeding boxes. The development of resistant rice cultivars could be the primary and effective method for controlling bakanae disease. However, the effects of individual resistance genes are relatively small. Therefore, pyramiding of bakane R genes in rice breeding is a promising strategy having a high potential to mitigate the advert effects of bakanae disease. This study employed a gene pyramiding approach to develop bakanae disease resistant rice lines carrying qBK1, qFfR1 introduced from rice line MY299BK and cv. Nampyeong, respectively. The MY299BK carries qBK1 introduced from cv. Shingwang, which was found to have a high resistance compare to Nampyeong. In addition, the pyramiding effect of the qBK1 and qFfR1 resistance genes were investigated, and the presence or absence of these genes helped us investigate their interaction through bioassay method and MAS. Furthermore, the distribution of resistance in the population showed a biased distribution toward resistance in the F6:7 populutions. However, we could not confirm the accumulation effect of the resistance gene, but the difference between the two genes by the SN2 marker was confirmed. Therefore, the qBK1 gene harbored by MY299BK appears to be different from the qFfR1 carried by Nampyeong, suspected to possess a different bakanae disease resistant gene different from those found in MY299BK and Nampyeong.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.936-949
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• 2023

On August 3, 2023, a brutal incident of unprovoked violence, termed as "Abnormal motivated crime," occurred in a multi-use facility, where retail and transportation facilities converge, near Seohyeon Station. The assailant drove onto the sidewalk, hitting pedestrians, and then entered a department store where a knife rampage ensued, resulting in a total of 14 victims. In the aftermath of this incident, numerous murder threats were posted on social media, causing widespread anxiety among the public. This fear was further exacerbated by the emergence of a "Terrorless.01ab.net" service. Purpose: This research aims to explore necessary institutional improvements for private security personnel who protect customers and employees in multi-use facilities, to enable them to perform their duties more effectively. Method: To assess the risk of Abnormal motivated crime, a time series analysis using the ARIMA model was conducted to analyze the domestic trends of such crimes. Additionally, Result: the study presents suggestions for improvements in the domestic security service law and emergency manuals for multi-use facilities. Conclusion: This is informed by a legal analysis of the indemnity rights for weapon use by private security guards abroad and their operational authority beyond weapon usage.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 2023

Objective: To understand the contents and effects of public diplomacy by leaders, this paper throws out two questions: "To draw cooperation and support of international society in the middle of national crises, with what content do leaders conduct public diplomacy?" and "Through what mechanism, does leaders' public diplomacy promote cooperation and support of other countries?" Methods: To answer the research questions, this paper conducts a single case study with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky's public diplomacy in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022. More specifically, the author collects text from Zelesky's Twitter and analyzes it in a descriptive manner. Results: When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, President Zelensky proactively utilized his SNS to communicate with people in other countries and thereby achieved the desired effect of public diplomacy. He has been delivering messages of 'appreciation of cooperation and support', 'situation of Ukraine', and 'congratulations or condolences', which could augment support, credibility, and audience cost. Conclusion: The effects of public diplomacy led to enhanced cooperation by alleviating problems within international cooperation and support. However, in the case of Ukraine, the patron's dilemma and commitment problem lasted, from which conducting public diplomacy has not been proven to be enough. The result of this paper provides lessons for the public diplomacy of the Republic of Korea in times of national crises in the future. In this regard, leaders should make efforts to promote the effectiveness of public diplomacy even in times of peace.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

With the recent explosive popularity of SNS, it is increasingly important to utilize SNS marketing, and in this process, the importance of image and caption order in SNS layout is also growing. This research aims to analyze the impact of SNS layouts (Image First vs. Caption First) on the user's attitude toward SNS shopping. A survey was conducted targeting 350 general public and college(graduate) students living in Daegu City and Gyeongbuk Province. The data was analyzed using PROCESS, regression analysis, and t-test by SPSS 21.0 program. The result of this study, it was confirmed that the Image First was more accessible than the Caption First. The Caption First was confirmed to be more diagnostic than the Image First. Moreover, from three specific mediation paths, only two were confirmed, named is through diagnosticity and usefulness, and through accessibility, diagnosticity, and usefullness. The path through diagnosticity and usefulness were stronger than another. Additionally, the impact of accessibility on diagnosticity was found to be higher when involvement was high rather than when involvement was low.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.539-544
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• 2023

In this study, several important aspects were studied in producing video advertisements based on the lifestyle and SNS status of Generation Z. Generation Z highly values participation and interaction due to the nature of SNS, so SNS advertisements should be produced in a way that induces active interaction with viewers and accepts feedback. Here's a summary of the main parts. It prefers various content formats of Generation Z that consume information. Advertisements should be produced in various formats such as text, images, and videos, and should have flexibility suitable for various platforms. Because each SNS platform has its own characteristics due to platform specialization, this study suggests that advertisements analyze the characteristics of the platform and use the appropriate content strategy for the optimized platform. As an emphasis on value proposition, we propose an advertising format setting to focus on what value the product or brand provides. It is important to clearly emphasize the advantages and intrinsic value of a product or service in video advertising, and in conclusion, we propose to focus on the case of increasing interest by adopting modern and trendy design of storytelling as an attractive and unique design method of aesthetic design and visual effects. Considering these factors comprehensively, the research value of this paper will be able to establish an effective SNS marketing strategy by producing video advertisements that match the lifestyle and SNS usage characteristics of Generation Z.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2023

This study aims to propose implications for the development of archival content of archives management institutions in Korea by analyzing cases of the archival content on Instagram of the national archives in the Anglosphere. The basic information of the research target's Instagram account, including the creation date, content, and the number of followers, was investigated, and the posts' contents and interaction types with high user responses were analyzed. As a result, to spread the records information service using Instagram, producing images and short-form content that can be intuitively checked through mobile screens and creating content that will attract the attention of primary users are required. Moreover, it is necessary to develop content for informative communications that can be shared with other users. There is also a need to enhance the exposure and searchability of the institution's Instagram account by strengthening connections with the institution's existing online resources and enabling communications, such as using hashtags, following related institutional accounts, and providing feedback on the contents' comments with followers. This study is meaningful in that it examined cases of archival content for Instagram and suggested their applications, and it can be used as basic data to help plan archival contents to spread the archival culture.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2023

In this study, we propose an SNS sentence writing assistance system that utilizes YOLO and GPT to assist users in writing texts with images, such as SNS. We utilize the YOLO model to extract objects from images inserted during writing, and also extract meta-information such as GPS information and creation time information, and use them as prompt values for GPT. To use the YOLO model, we trained it on form image data, and the mAP score of the model is about 0.25 on average. GPT was trained on 1,000 blog text data with the topic of 'restaurant reviews', and the model trained in this study was used to generate sentences with two types of keywords extracted from the images. A survey was conducted to evaluate the practicality of the generated sentences, and a closed-ended survey was conducted to clearly analyze the survey results. There were three evaluation items for the questionnaire by providing the inserted image and keyword sentences. The results showed that the keywords in the images generated meaningful sentences. Through this study, we found that the accuracy of image-based sentence generation depends on the relationship between image keywords and GPT learning contents.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Purpose: Lycopene is abundantly contained in Tomatoes and is known for diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In this study, the antioxidative potential of lycopene was investigated through the induction of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor2 (Nrf2) and upstream signaling molecules, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Aktin RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The antioxidative potential of lycopene against oxidative stress and its molecular mechanisms were determined by the cell viability assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation assay, and Western blot analysis in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: Lycopene treatment significantly attenuated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced intracellular ROS formation in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. In addition, 50 µM of lycopene for 6 h treatment induced potent HO-1 expression and its transcription factor, Nrf2. MAPK and PI3K/Aktwere also analyzed due to their critical roles in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis against oxidative damage. As a result, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly induced by lycopene treatment while the activated status of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and Akt, were not given any effect. To confirm the antioxidative mechanism of HO-1 mediated by ERK activation, each selective inhibitor was employed in a protection assay, in which oxidative damage occurred by t-BHP. Lycopene, SnPP, and CoPP treatments reflected accelerated HO-1 expression could be a protective role against oxidative damage-initiated cell death. A selective inhibitor for ERK significantly inhibited the lycopene-induced cytoprotective effect but selective inhibitors for other signaling molecules did not attenuate the rate of t-BHP-induced cell death. Conclusion: In conclusion, lycopene potently scavenged intracellular ROS formation and enhanced the HO-1 mediated antioxidative potential through the modulation of Nrf2, MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2024

In order to determine the level of awareness of nuclear power generation and Fukushima contaminated water, this study conducted an online survey targeting the general public living in the Busan area and analyzed a total of 201 questionnaires. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to verify differences in variables according to the characteristics of the study subjects, and correlation analysis was conducted to confirm the correlation between variables. First, the results of the study showed that women had a more negative perception of nuclear power generation and Fukushima contaminated water than men. In terms of age, it was found that people in their 40s and older had a high level of negative perception. In terms of political inclination, progressive respondents showed a higher negative perception toward nuclear power generation and Fukushima contaminated water. Second, information on nuclear energy was most often collected through the Internet, broadcasting, and SNS. Third, the higher the negative perception of nuclear power generation, the more negative the results were in terms of issues of concern following the discharge of contaminated water at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Nuclear power cannot be separated from human life. Therefore, it is believed that accurate information and a knowledge delivery system are needed to ensure correct awareness of nuclear power generation.