• Title/Summary/Keyword: SMI

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Age-related low skeletal muscle mass correlates with joint space narrowing in knee osteoarthritis in a South Korean population: a cross-sectional, case-control study

  • Kim, Hyun-Je;Hong, Young-Hoon
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 2022
  • Background: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and obesity on aging-related osteoarthritis (OA) in the Korean population. Methods: A total of 16,601 participants who underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 3,976 subjects with knee X-rays according to the modified Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) system were enrolled. Knees of ≥KL grade 2 were classified as radiologic OA. The severity of joint space narrowing (JSN) was classified by X-rays as normal, mild-to-moderate, and severe JSN in radiologic OA. The subjects were grouped as normal SMI (SMI of ≥-1 standard deviation [SD] of the mean), low SMI class I (SMI of ≥-2 SDs and <-1 SD), and low SMI class II (SMI of <-2 SDs). Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥27.5 kg/m2. Results: The modified KL grade and JSN severity were negatively correlated with the SMI and positively correlated with BMI and age. The SMI was negatively correlated with age. JSN severity was significantly associated with a low SMI class compared to a normal SMI, which was more prominent in low SMI class II than class I. Obesity was significantly associated with more severe JSN, only for obesity with a low SMI class. Furthermore, patients with a low SMI class, regardless of obesity, were prone to having more severe JSN. Conclusion: This study suggested that a low SMI class was associated with aging and that an age-related low SMI was more critically related to the severity of JSN in OA.

The Causes of Death of the Institutionalized Population of Kkottongnae : Comparison between Severe Mental Illness Group(SMI) and Non-Severe Mental Illness Group(Non-SMI) (SMI군과 Non-SMI군의 사망원인 비교분석 : 일 장기요양기설 입소자를 대상으로)

  • Moon, Su Jin;Kim, Kyoung Hoon;Song, Ji Young;Paik, Jong-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.198-204
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    • 2009
  • Objectives : Schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorder are associated with an increased risk of premature death. For decades, there have been reports of shorter life expectancy among those with severe mental illness. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of mortality among institutionalized population, treated for severe mental illness to control group who did not have severe mental illness. Methods : The medical records and the death certificates of 2,029 institutionalized population who had died from 1985 to 2003 in Kkottongnae were investigated. Results : The mean age of the death of severe mental illness(SMI) group(51.4${\pm}$15.3 years old) was lower than that of non-severe mental illness(non-SMI) group(65.0${\pm}$19.3 years old) and it was statistically significant(p<0.0001). The most causes of death among the SMI group were respiratory diseases(23.3%), infectious disease (13.0%) and digestive disease(12.3%). Also, we found that the death due to injuries of the SMI group(8.9%) were three times higher than that of non-SMI group(2.5%). The most causes of death among the non-SMI group were respiratory disease(26.3%), circulatory disease(26.2%) and neoplasm(10.8%). Conclusion : The SMI group demonstrated higher mortality rates compared with the rate in the non-SMI group. The finding suggests that careful intervention is needed not only for menal health but also physical health in long-term facilities.

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Skeletal Age Assessment of SMI and MP3 Stages to Predict the Pubertal Growth Spurt (사춘기 최대 성장 단계 예측을 위한 SMI 및 MP3 단계별 골연령 평가)

  • Lee, Yeonju;Mah, Yonjoo
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.233-238
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    • 2019
  • This study aimed to assess the skeletal age of skeletal maturational indicator (SMI) and middle phalanx of the middle finger (MP3) stages and to predict the SMI and MP3 stages corresponding to pubertal growth spurt in boys and girls respectively. The skeletal age was assessed from hand-wrist radiographs of 363 children (182 boys, 181 girls) aged 7 to 16 years by radiologists using the Korean standard bone age chart. Also, SMI and MP3 stages were evaluated from the radiographs. From these records, the mean skeletal age of SMI and MP3 stages was calculated. The stages including pubertal growth spurt were SMI 4 - 5, MP3 FG - G stages in boys and SMI 3 - 4, MP3 F - FG stages in girls.

EVALUATION OF THE SKELETAL MATURITY USING THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AND HAND-WRIST RADIOGRAPHS (경추골과 수완부골 방사선 사진을 이용한 골성숙도 평가)

  • Kim, Kyung-Ho;Sung, Sang-Jin;Park, So-Youn
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.28 no.2 s.67
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    • pp.285-295
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    • 1998
  • In clinical orthodontics, it is significant to understand the stage of growth in a growing patient. In order to assess the skeletal maturity of the patients, the hand-wrist radiograph and the cervical vertebrae (Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Indicators : CVMI) was evaluated from the lateral cephalograph and the skeletal maturity determined from the hand-wrist X-ray (Skeletal Maurity Indicators : SMI) taken on the same day in the same patients, and its interrelationship examined to come up with the following results: 1. The skeletal maturity evaluated from the hand-wrist radiograph and the maturation of the cervical vertebrae from the lateral cephalograph showed a significant interrelationship with each other. 2. In the evaluation of the skeletal maturity using the SMI and CVMI, the CVMI 1 showed a siginificant correlation with SMI 1, 2, the CVMI 2 with SMI 3, 4, CVMI 3 with SMI 6, 7, CVMI 4 with SMI 7, 8, CVMI 5 with 9, 10 and CVMI 6 with SMI 11. 3. When the morphological changes in the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae were separately observed, it was seldom that the concavity appeared in the lower border of the 2nd cervical vertebra and at the same time not appear in the 3rd cervical vertebra (CVMI 2 : 10.38%, CVMI 3 : 6.56%) 4. In each of the skeletal maturation stage evaluated from the hand-wrist and the cervical vertebra, the average age and its standard deviation in male and female patients appeared to have large differences among individuals. Skeletal maturation seemed to appear earlier for the girls than for the boys, and its termination 24 months faster for girls.

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Case Study of Supportive Music Imagery for Enhancing Self-Worth (지지적 음악심상(SMI)기법을 통한 내담자의 자기가치감 증진에 대한 사례연구)

  • Park, Jieun
    • Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.57-82
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    • 2020
  • As a case study of the application of supportive music and imagery (SMI), this study examined the impact of SMI in helping clients establish greater self-worth. Sense of self-worth was defined as trust and respect for the self as evidenced by understanding of one's individuality and uniqueness. Participants in the study were two adults in need of help with psychological challenges arising from low self-worth. Each of them participated in SMI sessions once a week, for a total of 6 weeks. Participants' statements on the imagery drawn by them during SMI sessions were analyzed in relation to components of the sense of self-worth. The results of this study showed that SMI sessions helped both clients recognize their internal resources and gaining insight into the value of their internal resources increased their evaluation of their own self-worth. Specific factors of SMI sessions that impacted the clients' self-worth and suggestions for future studies are also discussed.

THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORRELATION ON HAND-WRIST WITH CERVICAL VERTEBRAE FOR SKELETAL MATURATION IN MIXED DENTITION CHILDREN WITH NORMAL OCCLUSION (혼합치열기 정상교합아동의 수완부골과 경추골의 성숙도 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Myoung-Gook;Yang, Kyu-Ho;Choi, Nam-Ki;Kim, Seon-Mi;Kim, Jee-Soo
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.237-243
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of study is for the certified correlations of hand-wrist radiograph with cervical vertebrae for skeletal maturation in children. Normal evaluation devices of growth stage is sexual feature, biological age, tooth development stage, height and weight. Evaluation of growth potential is very important for childhood and puberty. The skeletal developmental stages were evaluated by using the hand-wrist radiograph and cephalometric radiograph that obtained from 6 to 18 years old children. 1. Chronologic age was not more suitable indicator of skeletal development compared to Skeletal Maturity Indicators(SMI) and Cervical Vertebrae Maturation(CVM) stages. 2. SMI and CVM stages for females occurred earlier than that for male. 3. SMI 1 and 2 stages were corresponded to CVM 1; SMI 3,4 = CVM 2; SMI 5,6 = CVM 3. 4. Reproducibility and reliability of observer for SMI and CVM were excellent. This results suggest CVM stage is comparable to SMI stage in terms of evaluating the skeletal development.

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE PUBERTAL GROWTH PEAK AND MATURITY STAGES OF THE HAND-WRIST IN MALOCCLUSION (부정교합자(不正咬合者)의 사춘기성장(思春期成長)과 수완(手腕) 부골(部骨) 성숙단계(成熟段階)에 관(關)한 누년적(累年的) 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Hyung-Il;Lee, Dong- Joo
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.123-133
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    • 1989
  • To predict the pubertal growth peak in stature and study the skeletal maturity degree using hand-wrist radiograph, the author used the 70 malocclusions (male 24, female 46). After longitudinal measurement of stature and skeletal maturity indicators of hand-wrist radiographs were taken during 4 years, the rsults were as follows. 1) The pubertal growth peak in stature occurred mainly at SMI 6-7 (56.5%) in female, SMI 5-6 (37.5%), 6-7 (37.5%) in male (Table 5). 2) It was suggested that the pubertal growth peak in stature was already passed, if SMI 8 occurred. 3) Ages of SMI in female were about 2 years earlier than those of SMI in male, and the sexual difference was gradually decreased in puberty. 4) Duration of SMI was longest at SMI 6-7 in both sex and the mean was 8.5 months. After this stage, the velocity of skeletal maturity in female was decreased than in male. 5) The correlation coefficient between each SMI and pubertal growth peak was very high (Table 8).

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A Empirical Study on Durability and Waterproofing Characteristic of Space Multi-Injection Grouting Method (S.M.I 공법의 내구성 및 차수특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Shin, Hyohee;Park, Minchul;Park, Kyeonghan;Suh, Jeeweon;Lee, Song
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2013
  • On this study, engineering properties of SGR method and SMI method, which are typical sodium silicate methods, were compared through the laboratory test and durability, strength, waterproof characteristic and environmental effects were compared and analyzed with period and condition of curing on each case. As a result of durability test, volume change of SGR is approximately 23-times greater than SMI and the effects on environment are appeared safe on all method. In case of waterproof characteristic test, permeability coefficient is decreased about 24% on SMI, whereas on SGR permeability coefficient is showed to increase because rapid volume change make wider void. Strength characteristics of SMI are appeared higher about 11-times in case of homogel and 3.9-times in case of sandgel than SGR. Which is because volume change of SMI, caused by leaching, is smaller than SGR.

Correlation between Serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3 Levels, and Hand-Wrist Radiographs in Determining Skeletal Maturity (골 성숙도 결정 시 혈청 IGF-1, IGFBP-3 농도와 수완부 방사선 사진의 상관관계)

  • Misun Kwak;Yon-joo Mah
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.334-346
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    • 2023
  • The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and hand-wrist radiographs using a skeletal maturity indicator (SMI) and the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3). Hand-wrist radiographs and blood samples from 205 patients aged 7 - 17 years were retrospectively analyzed by two dentists using the SMI stages, MP3 stages, and serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels. Serum IGF-1 levels were highest at the SMI 6 - 8 and MP3 - G stage and lowest at the SMI 1 - 3 and MP3 - F stage (p < 0.0001). Serum IGFBP-3 levels were highest at the SMI 9 - 10 and MP3 - I stage and lowest at the SMI 1 - 3 and MP3 - FG stage (p = 0.010, 0.030). As a result of Pearson correlation analysis, a relatively high correlation was found between skeletal maturity using the SMI and MP3 stages and serum IGF-1 levels (r = 0.698, 0.622, p < 0.0001). According to the results of this study, serum IGF-1 levels can be used as an auxiliary measure to evaluate the skeletal maturity of children and adolescents in dentistry. The range from the mean serum IGF-1 level of 472 ㎍/L in SMI 6 stage to the mean IGF-1 level of 510.63 ㎍/L in MP3 G stage could be considered as the peak height velocity in clinical practice.

SMI Compatible Simulation Scheduler Design for Reuse of Model Complying with SMP Standard

  • Koo, Cheol-Hea;Lee, Hoon-Hee;Cheon, Yee-Jin
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.407-412
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    • 2010
  • Software reusability is one of key factors which impacts cost and schedule on a software development project. It is very crucial also in satellite simulator development since there are many commercial simulator models related to satellite and dynamics. If these models can be used in another simulator platform, great deal of confidence and cost/schedule reduction would be achieved. Simulation model portability (SMP) is maintained by European Space Agency and many models compatible with SMP/simulation model interface (SMI) are available. Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) is developing hardware abstraction layer (HAL) supported satellite simulator to verify on-board software of satellite. From above reasons, KARI wants to port these SMI compatible models to the HAL supported satellite simulator. To port these SMI compatible models to the HAL supported satellite simulator, simulation scheduler is preliminary designed according to the SMI standard.