• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2009

Effects of quercetin, a kind of flavonoids, on the vasodilating actions were investigated. Among the mechanisms for quercetin-induced vasodilatation in rat aorta, the involvement with the $Ca^{2+}$ activated $K^+$ ($K_{Ca}$) channel was examined. Pretreatment with NE ($5\;{\mu}M$) or KCl (60 mM) was carried out and then, the modulation by quercetin of the constriction was examined using rat aorta ring strips (3 mm) at $36.5^{\circ}C$. Quercetin (0.1 to $100\;{\mu}M$) relaxed the NE-induced vasoconstrictions in a concentrationdependent manner. NO synthesis (NOS) inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA), at $100\;{\mu}M$ reduced the quercetin ($100\;{\mu}M$)-induced vasodilatation from $97.8{\pm}3.7%$ (n=10) to $78.0{\pm}11.6%$ (n=5, p<0.05). Another NOS inhibitor, L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), at $10\;{\mu}M$ also had the similar effect. In the presence of both $100\;{\mu}M$ L-NMMA and $10\;{\mu}M$ indomethacin, the quercetin-induced vasodilatation was further attenuated by $100\;{\mu}M$ tetraethylammonium (TEA, a $K_{Ca}$ channel inhibitor). Also TEA decreased the quercetin-induced vasodilatation in endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Used other $K_{Ca}$ channel inhibitors, the quercetin-induced vasodilatation was attenuated by $0.3\;{\mu}M$ apamin (a SK channel inhibitor), but not by 30 nM charybdotoxin (a BK and IK channel inhibitor). Quercetin caused a concentration-dependent vasodilatation, due to the endotheliumdependent and -independent actions. Also quercetin contributes to the vasodilatation selectively with SK channel on smooth muscle.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2009

In this paper some attempts have been made (a) to identify all the elementary concepts of the major concept "measurement of length" and, (b) to find the sequential order of these elementary concepts. Total 714 elementary concepts have been identified and sequenced.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

본 연구는 새로운 기능성 화장품 소재 개발을 위해 복분자 씨앗의 구성성분인 casuarictin을 이용하여 섬유아세포내에서의 항노화 효과를 확인 하고자 하였다. Casuarictin의 항노화 효과를 CCD-986sk 세포를 이용하여 측정한 결과, casuarictin은 UVB에 의해 증가된 ROS 발현을 억제하였으며, pro-collagen의 발현을 증가시키고 MMP-1의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 노화 인자인 활성산소종의 생성 억제와 주름과 밀접한 관련이 있는 콜라겐의 합성 및 분해억제를 통해 항산화 및 주름개선 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되며, 따라서 casuarictin은 화장품 분야에서 항노화 소재로서의 활용가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

Ranunculin, a potent cytotoxic component of P. koreana, was synthesized by reacting (s)-(-)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(5H)-furanone with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranosyl bromide and successive removal of the acetyl protecting group by 0.5 M HCl/MeOH. A new deacetylation process of the intermediate tetraacetylranunculin was deviced giving a yield of 83% of ranunculin. Protoanemonin, the cytotoxic structural moiety of ranunculin, was synthesized by dehydration of (s)-(-)-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone. Ranunculin showed a moderate cytototoxic activity against A-549 (ED$_{50}$=7.53 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), NIH3T (ED$_{50}$=13.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), and SK-OV-3 (ED$_{50}$=17.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). Meanwhile, protoanemonin also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (ED$_{50}$=9.38 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), NIH3T (ED$_{50}$=13.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), and SK-OV-3 (ED$_{50}$=15.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). It was found that both of the synthetic products showed a potenter cytotoxicity against A-549.ainst A-549.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.491-495
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• 1997

All fifteen flavonoids (1-15) have been isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens (Leguminosae) as active principles of the cytotoxic property toward human tumor cell lines such as A549, SK-OV-3, SK-Mel-2, XF498 and HCT15, in vitro. By means of spectral analyses, particularlyby the aid of various two dimensional NMR experiments, all $^1H-NMR$ ad $^{13}C$ -NMR signals of 1-15 were completely assigned, and thus the structures of 1-15 were established unambiguously.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2011

As parts of our continuing search for biologically active compounds from medicinal plants, we investigated the constituents of the seeds of Amomum xanthioides and isolated a sesquiterpenoid, a nerolidol derivative from its MeOH extract. The chemical structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR to be ($2S^*$,$2'R^*$,$5'S^*$)-2-(5'-ethenyltetrahydro-5'-methylfuran-2'-yl)-6-methylhept-5en-2-ol (1). Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from nature source. Compound 1 exhibited a good cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3 and SK-MEL-2 cells ($IC_{50}$: 16.7 and $8.6\;{\mu}M$, respectively) using a SRB bioassay. In this study, we also determined the absolute configuration of 2 reported in previous paper.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.268-271
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• 2016

An efficient inductive switching noise suppression technique for mixed-signal integrated circuits (ICs) using standard CMOS digital technology is proposed. The proposed design technique uses a parallel RC circuit, which provides a damping path for the switching noise. The proposed design technique is used for designing a mixed-signal circuit composed of a ring oscillator, a digital output buffer, and an analog noise sensor node for $0.13-{\mu}m$ CMOS digital IC technology. Simulation results show a 47% reduction in the on-chip inductive switching noise coupling from the noisy digital to the analog blocks in the same substrate without an additional propagation delay. The increased power consumption due to the damping resistor is only 67% of that of the conventional source damping technique. This design can be widely used for any kind of analog and high frequency digital mixed-signal circuits in CMOS technology

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2000

Marine sponges are known to be a source of diverse sterols. In our study on the cytotoxic components of the marine sponge Spirastrella abata, $5{\alpha},8{\alpha}-epidioxy\;{\Delta}^6$ sterols (1-5) and $5{\alpha},8{\alpha}-epidioxy\;{\Delta}^{6,9(11)}$ sterols (6-7) were isolated. The structures were identified based on the analyses of $^1H-NMR,\;^{13)C-NMR$, and MS data. These compounds were assayed for cytotoxicity against 5 human solid tumor cell lines including A549, SK-OV- 3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

Objectives : We aimed to study the effect of Smilax China L.(SCL), which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, on the growth of skin cancer cells. Methods : HaCaT cells, a normal human cell line, and skin cancer cells including A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells were treated with Smilax China L. ethanol extract(SCL-EtOH) at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40㎍/㎖. Meanwhile, JB6 Cl41, a normal mouse epithelial cell line, was treated with epidermal growth factor(EGF) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(TPA), an inflammatory factor, to induce cell transformation and treated with SCL-EtOH. In addition, we treated SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells with SCL-EtOH at various concentrations and checked the effect on the cell cycle. Results : As a result, it showed no toxicity to HaCaT cells up to the highest concentration of 40㎍/㎖, and significant cell growth inhibition to A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of checking the shape of skin cancer cells according to SCL-EtOH treatment, it was observed that as the concentration increased, the number of normally attached and growing cells decreased and the shape of the cells changed. Colony formation was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in JB6 Cl41 cells treated with EGF or TPA. Flow cytometry analysis with propidium iodide(PI) staining showed that SCL-EtOH induced the G2/M phase arrest. We further confirmed the decrease in Cyclin B1 expression and increase in p27 expression associated with the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through western blot analysis. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that SCL-EtOH induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, through Western blot analysis, it was observed that the expression of cleaved-caspase-7, which is related to apoptosis, increased. Finally, it was confirmed that the expression of COX-2, an inflammatory marker protein, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with SCL-EtOH. Conclusions : Through the above results, we have established a basis for applying SCL to the treatment of skin cancer.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.146-159
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 시멘트 분산제(分散劑) 및 고유동화제(高流動化劑)를 사용(使用)하여 모르터의 압축(壓縮) 및 인장강도(引張强度)와 감소율(減少率), 흐름시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)하였으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 최대강도(最大强度)를 나타내는 이화제(泥和劑)의 최적(最適) 첨가율(添加率)은 배합별(配合別) 공(共)히 같은 경향(傾向)으로 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP는 0.6%이고 분산제(分散劑) LG와 C211은 0.2%, SK는 0.3%, C376은 0.5%로 나타났다. 그런데 사용적량(使用適量)의 2~3배(倍) 과다(過多) 사용시(使用時)는 강도(强度)가 급격(急激)히 저하(低下)하는데 이것은 수화작용(水和作用)에 악영향(惡影響)을 일으켜 응결(凝結)이 상당히 지연(遲延)되는 것으로 본다. 2. 적정량(適定量)의 이화제(泥和劑)를 첨가(添加)하였을 때 압축강도(壓縮强度)는 보통(普通)모르터 보다 재령(材令) 7일(日)에서 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP는 40.7%, 분산제(分散劑)(C211은 19.5%, LG은 19.1%, SK는 18.1%, C376은 17.9%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 18.7%이었으며, 재령(材令)28일(日)에서는 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP가 24.4%, 분산제(分散劑)(LG은 21.2%, C211은 16.4%, SK는 11.1%, C376은 7.6%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 14.1%로 나타냈다. 3. 적정량(適定量)의 이화제(泥和劑)를 첨가(添加)하였을 때 인장강도(引張强度)는 보통(普通)모르터 보다 재령(材令)7일(日)에서 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP가 26.6%, 분산제(分散劑)(SK는 16.0%, C376은 14.7%, LG은 10.0%, C211은 5.8%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 11.6%이었다. 재령(材令)28일(日)에서는 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP는 16.5%, 분산제(分散劑)(LG는 19.1%, SK는 10.6%, C211은 10.1%, C376은 8.7%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 12.1% 이었다. 4. 각각(各各)의 이화제(泥和劑)를 적량(適量) 첨가(添加)했을 때 모르터의 감수율(減水率)은 콘크리트의 감수율(減水率) 보다 작게 나온다. 즉 콘크리트의 감수율(減水率)은 15% 정도(程度) 감수(減水)했다고 했으나 모르터의 감수율(減水率)은 1 : 1의 경우는 최소(最少) 5.8%에서 최대(最大) 13.1%였고, 1 : 2의 경우는 최소(最小) 7.6%에서 최대(最大) 14.2%였으며, 1 : 3의 경우는 최소(最小) 9.5%에서 최대(最大) 18.8%의 범위(範圍)에 있었다. 5. 각(各) 이화제(泥和劑)의 유동성(流動性)은 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP가 다른 분산제(分散劑) 보다 월등히 좋았다. 즉 1 : 1의 경우 w/c가 30%에서 280(75% 증가(增加)), 1 : 2의 경우는 w/c 가 36%에서 147(23.5% 증가(增加))로 가장 좋았으며, 1 : 3의 경우에서는 다른 분산제(分散劑)와 같은 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 그러므로 이러한 양질(良質)의 분산제(分散劑)는 프리팩트 콘크리트 공사(工事)에 사용(使用)하는 주입전충용(注入塡充用) 모르터에 적합(適合)한 것으로 사료(思料)된다.