• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.3 no.1 s.5
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• pp.95-108
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• 2001

The provision of spatial data is a key infrastructural requirement for the promotion of economic growth, environmental quality, social progress, etc. 4S technology integrates 4 kinds of systems that process spatial data: GIS (Geographic Information System), GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), ITS (Intelligent Transport System), and SIIS (Spatial Imagery Information System). Spatial data processing field is expected to get synergy effect and overcomes development limit of individual unit technology via 4S technology. This paper discusses both the development of 4S-kernel technology and the construction of 4S-based framework, In the development of 4S kernel technology, we will concentrate on the following issues: the development of 4S base components for reciprocity integration among GIS, SIIS, GNSS and ITS technologies, the development of 4S-Mobile S/W and H/W, 4S-Van components, and national LBS technologies. And in the construction of 4S-based framework, we will especially concentrate on the ISP for overall 4S technologies, the international cooperative research center, and the guide model deduction for supervision and certification of 4S projects. Finally, we examine about how the construction of 4S-baed framework affects 4S industry.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2022

An attempt to derive the surface temperature from the Korea Multi-purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT)-3A mid-wave infrared (MWIR) data acquired over the southern California on Nov. 14, 2015 has been made using the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model. Since after the successful launch on March 25, 2015, the KOMPSAT-3A spacecraft and its two payload instruments - the high-resolution multispectral optical sensor and the scanner infrared imaging system (SIIS) - continue to operate properly. SIIS uses the MWIR spectral band of 3.3-5.2 ㎛ for data acquisition. As input data for the realistic simulation of the KOMPSAT-3A SIIS imaging conditions in the MODTRAN model, we used the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric profiles, the KOMPSAT-3Asensor response function, the solar and line-of-sight geometry, and the University of Wisconsin emissivity database. The land cover type of the study area includes water,sand, and agricultural (vegetated) land located in the southern California. Results of surface temperature showed the reasonable geographical pattern over water, sand, and agricultural land. It is however worthwhile to note that the surface temperature pattern does not resemble the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance counterpart. This is because MWIR TOA radiances consist of both shortwave (0.2-5 ㎛) and longwave (5-50 ㎛) components and the surface temperature depends solely upon the surface emitted radiance of longwave components. We found in our case that the shortwave surface reflection primarily causes the difference of geographical pattern between surface temperature and TOA radiance. Validation of the surface temperature for this study is practically difficult to perform due to the lack of ground truth data. We therefore made simple comparisons with two datasets over Salton Sea: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) field data and Salton Sea data. The current estimate differs with these datasets by 2.2 K and 1.4 K, respectively, though it seems not possible to quantify factors causing such differences.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.10 no.3 s.21
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

We have developed the 45-Van system in order to maximize the interoperability of spatial data in 45(GNSS, SIIS, GIS, ITS) by sharing and providing spatial data of remote site. The 4S-Van system enables to acquisition and production of information for GIS database and the accurate position information by combining and connecting GPS/IMU, laser, CCD(charged-coupled device) image, and wireless telecommunication technology. That is, 4S-Van system measures its position and attitude using integrated GPS/IMU and takes two photographs of the front scene by two CCD cameras, analyzes position of objects by space intersection method, and constructs database that has compatibility with existing vector database system. Furthermore, infrared camera and wireless communication technique can be applied to the 4S-Van for a variety of applications. In this paper, we discuss the design and functions of 4S-Van that is equipped with GPS, CCD camera, and IMU.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.829-831
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• 2001

인류의 생활터전인 공간과 시간에 대한 정보화를 통해 수치지도, 위성영상 등의 공간정보 활용이 급증하는 추세이다. 공간정보 처리 기술은 각각의 활용분야에 따라 제각기 발전하여 실제 업무에 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 각각의 독립적인 분야별 발전은 한계에 다다르기 마련이어서 공간정보를 통합함으로써 상승효과를 얻기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 공간정보를 처리하는 GIS, SIIS, GNSS, ITS의 단위 기술들을 통합하기 위한 4S 기술에 대해 언급하고 공간정보를 연계하여 공동활용하기 위한 데이터 제공자 컴포넌트 및 4S 핵심 컴포넌트에 대해 살펴본다. 데이터 제공자 컴포넌트 기술은 저장형식과 상관없이 표준화된 인터페이스를 제공하여 공간정보를 공동활용하기 위한 기술이다. 4S 핵심 컴포넌트 기술은 단위 기술별로 공통된 핵심 기능들을 정의하고 컴포넌트로 개발하는 것이다. 데이터 제공자 컴포넌트 및 4S 핵심 컴포넌트 기술은 상이한 공간정보를 연계하는 응용 시스템 개발시에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다. 즉, 요구되는 기능에 해당하는 컴포넌트들을 조립식 블록처럼 조합하여 사용할 수 있도록 해준다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.2309-2312
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• 2002

사람이 주고받는 자료의 $60{\sim}80%$를 차지하는 위치와 관련된 정보를 처리하는 공간정보처리 기술을 구성하고 있는 GIS, GNSS, ITS, SIIS 등은 독립적인 영역에서 각 사업의 요구를 만족시키는 방향으로 개발되어 상호운용성의 부족으로 중복 구축의 문제가 발생하였다. 본 논문에서는 재사용성과 상호운용성 지원을 통하여 중복 구축의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 각 분야에서 기본적으로 필요한 기능을 추출하여 컴포넌트로 구현함으로써 공간정보처리시스템의 개발 시간을 줄일 수 있으며 서로 다른 시스템을 통합하여 사용하는 데에도 편리한 장점을 가지는 4S 핵심 컴포넌트를 제안하였고 각 분야별 기능 및 통합 방안에 대하여 설명하였다. 또한, GIS 컴포넌트는 다른 컴포넌트들을 이용한 시스템에 공통적으로 사용할 수 있으므로 본 연구에서는 GIS 컴포넌트를 기반으로 GNSS, ITS, SIIS를 통합하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.457-464
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 우정물류 분야의 환경변화에 대응하고 더 나아가 우정물류 분야를 활성화하기 위해 필수적으로 요구되는 4S 연동을 위한 방안을 제시하기 위하여 우정물류시스템 중 세부시스템을 선정하여 시스템 구축 단계별 4S 연동방안을 제안하였다. 본 논문은 다음과 같이 구성되었다. 서론에서 연구 필요성 및 목적을 서술하고 이어서 4S 및 관련연구를 간략하게 살펴보았다 그리고 우정물류 분야에서 4S를 포함한 정보기술 활용현황을 국내ㆍ외로 나누어 분석 기술하였으며, 구체적인 4S 연동방안을 제시하기 위하여 우정물류시스템 중 집배업무 관리시스템을 선정하여 구축 단계별로 4S 연동방안을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.838-843
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• 2002

Recently, PDA and cellular phone with color LCD have been widely used in various fields by high efficiency and micro miniaturization technology. According to maturity of these mobile environments, user request about mobile application field is increased. Mobile applications provide various information which is concerned with user's position through cable and wireless transmission. This paper discusses the issues related to the mobile framework for integrated 4S data. The integrated 4S data mean spatial data fusion on GIS, SIIS, ITS, and GNSS. The mobile framework provides not only spatial data but also location services such as reverse geocoding, directory service, etc. It consists of client subsystem, service provider, and data provider.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.834-836
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• 2003

Recently, web services concept is rapidly rising as new solution to solve the integration problem among heterogeneous application systems . This web servic es concept is adaptable in the field of 4S application systems integration that handles the spatial information of GIS, SIIS, GNSS and ITS. So, this paper suggests a new 4S web services model for the infrastructures of nationwide spatial clearinghouse, which is mainly based on the OGC and W3C web services specifications. Conclusively, this proposed model that could serve various spatial data and services has some advantages of being flexibly and powerfully capable of integrating the 4S application systems owing to adapting the international standard specifications of OGC and W3C.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.63-75
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• 2004

This paper proposes a Web Service framework on both wired and wireless network environment that can be interoperable and extensible among geo-spatial servers. Mostly, OGC has studied and announced international standards which are related to web services on various kinds of geo-spatial data. Therefore, the proposed framework satisfies interoperability and extensibility for geo-spatial servers by adapting WMS, WFS, WCS, and WRS standards of OGC and web services standards of W3C. This framework, also, satisfies requirements of huge volumed data service, GML service, geo-spatial function service, and wireless network service. This framework consists of geo-spatial servers group, geo-spatial broker, and web-based client. The geo-spatial servers group includes GIS, SIIS, ITS, GNSS, and Telematics server for the purpose of providing various kinds of geo-spatial services. Especially, this paper proposes main memory based GIS server(MMG server) that can efficiently serve huge volumed GML data on wireless network environment. Finally, experimental results about the MMG server and prototype implementations of the framework show the effectiveness of this study.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.3 no.1 s.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

The 4S represents four systems that are commonly related to spatial information: GIS, GNSS, SIIS, ITS. The 4S technology that integrates the four systems gets more and more interests recently. In this paper, we adopt component paradigm to 4S system, apply it to the disaster control field, and design a system based on component architecture. There are many application areas to which the 4S technology can be applied. but the disaster control system is one of the most typical fields. We apply 4S technology to the disaster control fields, including fire, flood, and typhoon. Because of the characteristics of disaster control system that handles large-volume map data, component-based 4S system will take considerable effects on the improvement of disaster control works. The core functions that are common to all disaster control fields are included in 4S kernel component because of the consideration of time performance. Remaining non-common functions are implemented as separate components named as work-specific components. In our suggested system, a vehicle named as 4S-Van collects real-time information on the spot of disaster and sends image and location information to control center via wireless transmission. The control center analyzes the information together with its own spatial database or map, which was not possible in the conventional disaster control works. The control center can get desired information by sending a request of re-transmission to 4S-Van. Such method of real-time transmission supported by on-the-spot information makes the current situation judgment, decision making, and order issuance more exact, effective, and timely. The suggested system and method are expected to bring remarkable improvement on disaster control works.