• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the speech intelligibility of voice disordered patients when we consider the severity and utterance level as variables. Based on the severity level, 12 patients were divided into three groups, G1, G2, and G3 group, respectively. Words, phrases and sentences produced by the speakers were judged by four listeners with normal hearing, and we compared the intelligibility scores of the three groups. As a result, the speech intelligibility was decreased as the severity level was increased, and the difference was statistically significant. However, the mean difference among words, phrases and sentences was not significant, and the variation of intelligibility according to the utterance level was not under the regular rules.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stuttering severity on articulation rate measured from different types of utterances in preschool children who stutter. Participants were 40 boys who stutter (CWS) and age-matched 10 boys who do not stutter (CWNS). CWS were sub-grouped based on the severity of their stuttering: 15 mild, 13 moderate, and 12 severe. Utterances were categorized as "overall utterance" including all utterances that children spoke and "fluent utterance" which did not contain any disfluencies. Utterances containing abnormal disfluencies were categorized as "SLD utterance" for CWS. The results revealed no significant difference among groups in any type of utterance. There were significant positive correlations in articulation rates between utterance types. Stuttering severity was not a factor for characterizing the articulation rate of each type of utterance. Also, current findings suggest that articulation rate may not predict speech motor control ability in preschool CWS.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed contributing factors affecting leg injury severity in pedestrian-vehicle crashes. A Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) method was used to identify the factors. Independent variables include characteristics for pedestrian, vehicle, road, and environmental conditions. The leg injury severity is classified into two classes, which are dependent variables in this study, such as 'severe' and 'minor' injuries. Pedestrian age, collision speed, and the height of vehicle were identified as significant factors for the leg injury. The probabilistic outcome of predicting leg injury severity can be effectively used in not only deriving pedestrian-related safety policies but also developing advanced vehicular technologies for pedestrian protection.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2018

The following research has focused and implemented on designing a system that classifies the severity of mass casualty situations across both normal and disaster levels. The system's algorithm has implemented requirements such as accuracy as well as user convenience. The developed e-Triage System has applied various severity classification algorithms implemented from IoT concepts. In order to overcome flaws of currently used severity classification systems, the e-Triage System used electronic elements including the NFC module. By using the mobile application's severity classification algorithm the system demonstrated quick and accurate assessment of patient. Four different LED lamps visualized the severity classification results and RTS scores were portrayed through FND(Flexible Numeric Display) after a two wave classification.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was conducted to identify the impact of Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference on Sleep Disturbance among cancer patients. Methods: This study was conducted from October 8th to October 25th, 2012. One hundred eight cancer patients were recruited from S city in Korea. The instruments used in this study were the Symptom Severity, Symptom Interference and the Sleep Disturbance scales for patients with cancer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The Sleep Disturbance for cancer patients showed a significant relationship with Symptom Interference and cancer stage. The significant factors influencing Sleep Disturbance were Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference. They explained 40.5% of the variance in stage IV. Conclusion: Patients with cancer experienced Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference which led to a negative effect on Sleep Disturbance. The results suggest that intervention programs to reduce Symptom Severity, Symptom Interference could improve Sleep Disturbance for cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2016

The FMEA is a widely used technique to pre-evaluate and avoid risks due to potential failures for developing an improved design. The conventional FMEA does not consider the possible time gap between occurrence and detection of failure cause. When a failure cause is detected and corrected before the failure itself occurs, there will be no other effect except the correction cost. But, if its cause is detected after the failure actually occurs, its effects will become more severe depending on the duration of the uncorrected failure. Taking this situation into account, a risk metric is developed as an alternative to the RPN of the conventional FMEA. The severity of a failure effect is first modeled as linear and quadratic severity functions of undetected failure time duration. Assuming exponential probability distribution for occurrence and detection time of failures and causes, the expected severity is derived for each failure cause. A new risk metric REM is defined as the product of a failure cause occurrence rate and the expected severity of its corresponding failure. A numerical example and some discussions are provided for illustration.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.373-388
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This paper suggests a hierarchical time delay model to evaluate failure risks in FMEA(failure modes and effects analysis). In place of the conventional RPN(risk priority number), a more reasonable and objective risk metric is proposed under hierarchical failure cause structure considering time delay between a failure mode and its causes. Methods: The structure of failure modes and their corresponding causes are analyzed together with the time gaps between occurrences of causes and failures. Assuming the severity of a failure depends on the length of the delayed time for corrective action, a severity model is developed. Using the expected severity, a risk priority metric is defined. Results: For linear and quadratic types of severity, nice forms of expected severity are derived and a meaningful metric for risk evaluation is defined. Conclusion: The suggested REM(risk evaluation metric) provides a more reasonable and objective risk measure than the conventional RPN for FMEA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2017

The profile of unpaved road is an important issue in the reliability of endurance test. Efforts on measuring 2D road profile and analyzing the severity have been continued in the study of performing reliable endurance test evaluations through reflecting the results of such measurement and analysis. However, 2D road profile has limitation in measuring the profile in the road width direction because data is obtained along the trailer wheel track. Therefore, in order to measure 3-dimensional shape of road surface and construct severity DB of 3D road profile, Changwon Proving Ground(CPG) of Agency for Defense Development(ADD) developed 3D profilometer which is composed of laser scanner, IMU, GPS, encoder and so on. This paper focuses on the analysis of unpaved road severity using 3D road profile for army operation roads. This results will be used to manage test courses severity of CPG.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.136-146
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the severity of illness in high risk newborns. Method: The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire about the severity of illness index that was given to 8 health professionals in Neonatal Intensity Care Units (NICU) second, a panel of specialists reduced the preliminary items using 3 validity tests; third, final items were selected from the results of a pre-test. Finally, from July 2005 to May 2006, reliability and validity were tested with a sample of 160 high risk newborns admitted to the NICU. Results: The final tool to identify the severity of illness index in high risk newborns consisted 39 items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .922. Using factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted and these factors explained 54.451% of the total variance. Conclusion: The instrument for assessing the severity of illness in high risk newborns developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for assessing and implementing care for high risk newborns.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.115-131
• /
• 2009

This paper attempts to show that consumers' own information processing mode can play an important role in inducing favorable product evaluations, which is the most key goal of marketing. Th elaboration likelihood model contends that consumers' motivation and knowledge, in addition to the outside marketing information, affects the evaluation process. On the other hand, The resource matching hypothesis suggests that an excessively high level of information processing may lead to negative evaluations. In this study, Need for closure exacerbated overall evaluations of consumers. Such relationship was more salient in the condition of low severity that in the condition of high severity. Also under the situation of low severity, consumers with high level of relevant knowledge made evaluations more favorable, compared to the consumers of low knowledge. On contrast under the situation of high severity, relevant knowledge leaded to less favorable evaluations. This experiment identifies the appropriateness of the elaboration likelihood model and the resource matching hypothesis. Especially This study suggests an rare example that consumers' knowledge may not paly an desirable role in making their judgments.