• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.162-163
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.120-121
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• 2001

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

In Korea, wide spread use of whole cottonseed, which is primarily a GMO plant imported from foreign countries and being fed to animals as raw state, has aroused concern that it may disturb the existing ecology of the country unless dispersion of the seed is under proper control. The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in various nutritive parameters due to heat treatment and to determine the effective condition for removing germination ability of whole cottonseed (WCS). Of the various temperatures applied (76, 78, 80, 85, $100^{\circ}C$/30 min) $85^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was confirmed to be the lowest temperature treatment which resulted in a complete removal of the germination ability of WCS. Therefore, based on the determined temperature condition ($85^{\circ}C$ 30 min) we tried to examine the changes of various nutritional parameters, including nutrient composition, in vitro digestibilities and ruminal protein degradabilities, comparing raw whole cotton seed (RWCS) and heated whole cotton seed (HWCS). Some changes in amino acid composition were observed with heat treatment of WCS, but these were regarded to originate from the variation in plant quality and seed morphology, which are usually affected by different environmental factors during the vegetation period. As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed to occur during heat treatment. However, WCS heated at $85^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in a circulating oven showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) of in situ rumen degradability in both dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), as compared to raw WCS. Overall results obtained in the study indicate that the heating condition used in this study, which was proven to be the most appropriate and economic to remove germination ability of WCS, may also improve the nutritional value of the ruminant with regard to reducing its protein degradability within the rumen.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2017

This research was performed to develop mass propagation method of Alpine modest primrose (Primula modesta var. hannasanensis T.Yamaz.) for improving the conservation and utilization of the species. Seeds were collected on August 2011 in Jeju-city and well-selected seeds were dry-stored at $4{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$. Seed size ranged $0.44{\pm}0.07{\times}0.61{\pm}0.04mm$, and weight of 1,000 seeds was $51.78{\pm}0.021mg$. Thus the seed was classified as 'dwarf seeds'. As the result of dormancy characteristics, moisture content of freshly matured seeds increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment and seeds did not germinate at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks under the light condition. Therefore, seeds were estimated to have physiological dormancy. Germination conditions of dry-stored seeds were found to be $20^{\circ}C$ and light condition, and seeds did not germinated under dark condition regardless of all temperature regimes. Therefore, Alpine modest primrose seed was considered as photoblastic type. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) were greatly improved by soaking the seeds in $GA_3$ and kinetin for 24 hours. Especially, 200~500 mg/L $GA_3$ treatment resulted in the highest PG (95.5%) and GE (98.3%). So, chemical treatment such as $GA_3$ was thought to be a useful method for raising seedling uniformly.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2027-2032
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• 2007

[ ${\alpha}$ ]-Synuclein is the major component of Lewy bodies and responsible for the amyloid deposits observed in Parkinson's disease. Ordered filamentous aggregate formation of the natively unfolded ${\alpha}$-synuclein was investigated in vitro with the periodic ultrasonication. The ultrasonication induced the fibrillation of ${\alpha}$-synuclein, as the random structure gradually converted into a ${\beta}$-sheet structure. The resulting fibrils obtained at the stationary phase appeared heterogeneous in their size distribution, with the average length and height of $0.28\;{\mu}m{\pm}0.21\;{\mu}m$ and $5.6\;nm{\pm}1.9\;nm$, respectively. After additional extensive ultrasonication in the absence of monomeric ${\alpha}$-synuclein, the equilibrium between the fibril formation and its breakdown shifted to the disintegration of the preexisting fibrils. The resulting fragments served as nucleation centers for the subsequent seed-dependent accelerated fibrillation under a quiescent incubation condition. This self-seeding amplification process depended on the seed formation and subsequent alterations in their properties by the ultrasonication to a state that accretes the monomeric soluble protein more effectively than their reassociation of the seeds back to the original fibrils. Since many neurodegenerative disorders have been considered to be propagated via the seed-dependent amyloidosis, this study would provide a novel aspect of the significance of the seed structure and its properties leading to the acce]erated amyloid formation.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.195-205
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical characteristics of different treatments of Gochujang during fermentation at $28^{\circ}C$ C for 100 days, in an effort to improve its taste and organoleptic quality. All treatments of Gochujang saw no effects on total viable bacterial numbers, which kept constant level, during fermentation (2.7~3.22 log CFU/g). Yeast numbers did not change for all treatments in the 100 days of fermentation, but then decreased thereafter, yeast numbers increased during fermentation, showing a level of 0.45~0.42 mg% in the Gochujang with red chilli seed powder on the 100th day of fermentation. DPPH radical scavenging in the early stage of fermentation revealeda tendency to increase in conjunction with an increase in the amount of red chilli seed powder added. Sensory examinations, including taste and preference, of the manufactured Gochujang suggest that the optimal fermentation product results from the condition of 20% added red chilli seed powder.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

Purpose: The definition and factors of passive design being the sustainable method of building plan through the preceding research is deducted and the effect of passive design within the public library by applying the deducted factors in the case of built public libraries and further the realization plan of green library aimed to be reviewed in this research. Method: This study is to induce common elements of architecture plan for public library and passive design, and assess application level of re-classified elements of sustainable public library in order to analyze present condition of passive design applied on facilities of public library. First, related laws and planning standards of public library will be reviewed, then the definition of passive design will be considered using advanced research. Through advanced research related to planing elements and passive design for library induced from various plans for library standards, a common ground of induced passive design element will be transformed into assessment items and practices to be analyzed. Result: Libraries which are and are not preliminarily certified by G-SEED will be compared with each other in order to analyze the effects of passive design on G-SEED. Even though various passive elements such as load reduction of air conditioning and energy efficiency exist, there are no assessment tool within G-SEED. The fact that there are only standards for temporary methods such as utilization of construction material and installation of equipment highlights the challenges in quantitative evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 1971

(1) Suppression of the seed browning was observed when 3% $CO_2$ conditions were given to a small-type sweet pepper Zairaisisi stored at various CA conditions of a low temperature. (2) When changes in the total polyphenol content for low temperature storage were determined, the highest peak of polyphenol level appeared later than the control which conceded well with the change of seed out-looks. (3) The seed browning effect of enzyme solution for polyphenol extracts of pepper seeds stored at a low temperature with various CA conditions showed a parallelism to the change in polyphenol oxidase activity. (4) There was no striking influence of various CA conditions on maintaining consistent peroxidase activity of pepper seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.330-338
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• 1999

Extensive research has been conducted on effects of drought stress on growth and development of soybean but information is rather restricted on the limited-irrigation system by way of precaution against a long-term drought condition in the future. The experiment for limited-irrigation was conducted in transparent vinyl shelter at Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan in 1997. Two soybean varieties, Hwangkeum and AGS292, improved in Korea and AVRDC, respectively were used for this experiment. The relationships between normalized transpiration rate (NTR) and fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) in both varieties were similar that the NTR was unchanged until FTSW dropped to about 0.5 or 0.6. At FTSW less than those values, NTR declined rapidly. Days required to harvest in both varieties were significantly prolonged at IR6 treatment compared to any other treatments. Daily mean transpiration rate was significantly higher at IR5 treatment, as averaged over varieties. Similarly, water use efficiency was also high at 1R5 treatment. In both varieties, seed yield was the greatest at the IR5 treatment, as compared to any other limited-irrigation treatments, due to the increased seed number and high transpirational water use efficiency. The indices of input water and seed yield for the different limited-irrigation treatments against control indicated that Hwangkeum produced 59.6% or 60.7% of seed yield using 36.1% or 44.9% of input water, as compared to control, by irrigation at only R5 or R6 stages, respectively. The AGS292 produced 56.1% of seed yield with 35.4% of input water of control, when irrigated at R5 stage. The results of this study have elucidated that the limited irrigation at R5 stage in soybean can be minimized yield loss with such small quantity of water under the environment of long-term drought stress and the expected shortage of agricultural water in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.664-672
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of industrial by-products such as converter slag, olivine, red mud and fly ash as a seed crystal of struvite crystallization for the removal of highly concentrated $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$. In the kinetic experiments, more than 90% of $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ was eliminated by struvite crystallization within 30 minutes of reaction time. The pH range in meta-stable region of struvite crystallization was found to be pH 7.0~9.0 under the Mg:N:P=1:1:1 equi-molar condition with 100 mg/L of $NH_4-N$. Total removal efficiencies of $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ by both struvite precipitation and crystallization were increased with the increase of pH. Removal efficiencies of $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ were significantly enhanced by struvite crystallization using industrial by-products as a seed crystal compared with those by struvite precipitation without seed crystal. Red mud, converter slag, olivine and fly ash enhanced the removal efficiencies of $NH_4-N$ by 40.9%, 37.7%, 28.4% and 16.4%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of $PO_4-P$ for converter slag, red mud, fly ash, olivine were increased by 3.7 times, 2.6 times, 72.4% and 68.0%, respectively. Converter slag and red mud showed higher feasibility as a seed crystal than others for the removal of highly concentrated $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$. In particular, converter slag might have a high capacity of phosphorus removal.