• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

선박의 추진 및 전기 발생장치의 연료에 포함되어 있는 황산화물이 연소 중에 대기로 방출되는데 이러한 황산화물들은 공기오염의 주된 원인이 되고 있다. 행상에서 선박에 의해 발생하는 황산화물은 육상운송 수단에 의한 것 보다 훨씬 심각하여, 국제 해사 기구 및 유럽연합에서는 해상에서 선박에 의해 발생되는 황산화물 배출에 대한 규제를 강화하고 있다. 해양에서 황산화물 배출 규제를 근본 적으로 만족하기 위해서는 저유황의 연료유사용하는 것이고, 다른 한 가지는 선박에 황산화물 처리장치를 설치하여 배출되는 황산화물을 처리하는 것이다. 저 유황유의 사용은 선주들에게 운항비 증가를 가져다 주며, 처리 장치의 설치는 선가 상승의 원인이 될 수 있어, 선박이 어떤 해역을 운항하는 가에 따라 적용 방법에 대한 세심한 주의가 요한다. 본 소고는 이런 국제 규제의 변화와 대응에 대한 검토와 제언을 담고 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 1994

In order to reduce the problems from the presence of rye crop residues in maize establishment and yield, and also to improve the growth, productivity and nutritive value of rye(Seca1e cereal L.). an experiment was canied out to determine the variety effect of rye on the forage production system and the eft'ect of seeding and harvesting dates on the production and quality of rye. 'This experiment was conducted at the forage testing field of S.N.U., Suweon, from September 1986 to May 1989. Heading date of an early maturing rye variety, Wintermore. was earlier 10 days than that of a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak. A 15-days delay in the seeding dates of early and late maturing varieties of rye tended to delay the heading dates of the rye varieties for 3 and 4 days, respectively. Dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields were markedly increased with earlier seeding date. Before 20 April, the DM and IVDDM yeilds of an early maturing rye variety, Winterrnore. were higher than those of a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak. However, no such a trend was found between the early and late maturing varieties of rye after 27 April. Less than 35% of ADF was recorded until the harvesting dates of 13 and 27 p r i l for early and late maturing rye varieties, respectively, but less than 46% of NDF was maintained until the harvesting drtte of 13 April for botg varieties. Based on the results obtained from this experiment. it may be concluded that the most desirable forage production from corn-rye double cropping system is to advance the seeding time of rye toward the first 10 days of September as well as harvesting time toward the first heading stage with an early maturing rye variety.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2016

The loss and degradation in tropical forest region are some of the current global concern. Hence, these issues elevated the role of rehabilitated forests in providing ecological products and services. The information on the carbon stock is important in relation to global carbon and biomass use, but lacking from the tropical region. This paper reports the assessment of tree and soil carbon stock in a chronosequence rehabilitated tropical forest stands in Malaysia. The study site was at the UPM-Mitsubishi Forest Rehabilitation Project, UPMKB. $20{\times}20m$ plot was established each and assessed in 2009 at 1-, 10- and 19-year-old sites while an adjacent ${\pm}23-year-old$ natural regenerating secondary forest plot was established for comparison. The overall total carbon stock was in the order of 19-year-old>${\pm}23-year-old$>10-year-old>1-year-old. When forest carbon stock is low, the soil component plays an important role in the carbon storage. The forest carbon recovery is crucial to increase soil carbon stock. The variations in the carbon stock showed the different stages of the forest recovery. Species survived after 19-years of planting are potential species for carbon sequestration activities in rehabilitated forest. Human intervention in rehabilitating degraded forest areas through tree planting initiatives is crucial towards recovering the forest ecological role especially in forest carbon stock capacity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of harvesting dates on the dry matter yield and quality of "Kool grazer" winter rye(Seca1e cereale L.) as a soilage crop at the Forage Experimental Field of College of Agrlc. and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon. Four-day harvasting interval was allocated to measure the growth, yield and quality of rye from April 14 to May 18, 1987. Rye was rapidly grown as 3 cm/day and the growth was linearly recorded from the elongation to flowering stage. The dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter(1VDDM) yields per ha were linearly increased up to 0.26 and 0.19 tonlday from April 14 to May 4 and April 14 to 29, respectively, but major breaks in yield increases occurred at the 50% heading stage, than yields increased. The highest crude protein yield was observed at the first heading stage of April 29, then decreased. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein(CP) contents of rye at the heading stage of May 5 were 35 and 17%, respectively and the nutritive value of rye in terms of ADF and CP contents was evaluated as the I st grade hay, but neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of rye was 47 % at the boot stage ofApril 22 and evaluated as the 2nd grade hay in terms of NDF content. The results indicate that the first heading stage or the end of April would be the most suitable harvesting time for early maturing winter rye as a soilage crop in terms of yield and quality in the middle northwestern coast rcgion of Korea. of Korea.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

본 논문은 한국의 토양오염 현황과 관리정책을 현 시점에서 정리하고 좀 더 효율적인 정책을 추구하기 위한 여러 정책적인 제안점들을 살펴 보았다. 한국의 토양은 주로 매립지, 유류 및 유해물질저 장소, 휴폐광산, 군부대, 산업 시설 등에 의해 주로 오염되고 있다. 토양오염물질의 농도는 대체적으로 배경농도와 비슷하나, 일부 단위산업시설 주변이나 휴폐광산 등에서 오염도가 오염기준이상인 것으로 나타났다. 1995년에 제정된 토양환경보전법은 오염의 방지뿐만 아니라 오염된 환경의 개선에 대한 종합적인 법률적 토대를 제공하고 있다. 본 법에는 토양오염물질 및 기준의 설정, 토양오염 대책지역의 설정 및 관리, 토양오염측정망 운영, 토양오염유발시설의 설정 및 관리, 토양환경평가제도, 확대된 오염원인자 범위 등 다양한 정책들이 제시되어 있어 오염지역에 대한 조사와 복원을 활성화하고 토양오염관리를 강화할 수 있는 제도적 기반을 마련하였다. 현재의 보전정책을 좀 더 효율적으로 하기 위하여, 국가우선순위 복원목록 수립, 토지이용을 고려한 좀 더 자세한 환경기준설정, 위해성에 기반을 둔 복원기준 설정, 오염지역의 적극적인 탐색과 복원을 위한 재원 마련, 토양침식의 고려, 토양 및 지하수관리정책의 통합체계 구축 등 여러 정책들이 동시 또는 순차적으로 도입될 필요성이 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of wilting and additives on fermetation characteristics, quality and aerobic stability of silage of rye(Seca1e cereale L.) harvested at the early heading stage. Harvested rye was wilted or mixed with beet pulp and then treated with formic acid or lactic acid bacteria(LAB) inoculant. Treatments were consisted of direct cut(DC), wilted(WT), beet pulp added(BP), direct cut and formate applied(DF), wilted and formate applied(WF), beet pulp and formate applied(BF), direct cut and LAB inoculated(DL), beet pulp added and LAB inoculated(BL), and wilted and LAB inoculated(WL) silages. Afler 70 days of ensiling period, the silages were opened and exposed to air for 7 days, and the silages of opening day(0 day) were compared with the silages exposed to air for 7 days(7 day). 1. LAB inoculated rye silages(DL, WL, BL) lowered pH values effectively eom the third day of ensiling and showed most stable pattern of pH changes during the initial fermentation process. Direct cut and formate applied(DF), beet pulp and formate applied(BF) and beet pulp added(BP) silages were also effective in lowering pH from the seventh day thai direct cut treatment(DC). 2. pH was low below 3.7 in all treatments of 0 day. After 7-day period of aerobic exposure, DL and WL showed considerable increases in pH from 3.5 and 3.4 to 8.3 and 6.4, respectively. 3. Direct cut rye silages(DF, DC, DL) and beet pulp and formate treatment(BF) produced effluent of 121.2, 85.9, 80.3 and 34.2 mlkg, respectively and these were greater than others(P<0.01). Beet pulp retained 1.61 I/kg of effluent at the application rate of 50 kg/t in comparing BP with DC, and formate application increased the amount of effluent in comparing DF and BF with DC and BP, respectively(P<0.01). 4. Beet pulp and LAB treatment(B1) was highest in content of lactate as 3.1% and formate treated silages(DF, WF, BF) showed lower content of lactate and total acid than others. LAB inoculated(D1, WL, BL) and wilted (WT) silages were graded to be good quality as a second group by the Flieg's score. Formate applied silages (DF, WF, BF) were graded as a foum group lower than DC by one. 5. Residual content of WSC of rye silage was higher in BP, BF, DL and BL than direct cut treatment(M3) (P< 0.01). Formate application had a tendency to increase the content of residual content of WSC. 6. For the ratio of NH3-N to Total N, wilted and LAB inoculated(W1) and direct cut and LAB inoculated(D1) silages were lowest on 0 day as 8.9 and 9.3% respectively. But after 7-day period of aerobic exposure, WL and DL showed largest increase of the ratio of $NH_3-N$ to Total N from 0 day(P<0.01). 7. On 0 day wilted(WT), beet pulp and formate treatment(BF), and beet pulp and LAB treatment(B1) were lower than direct cut treatment(DC) for NDF and ADF concentrations consistently. Formate applied silages (DF, WF, BF) made little change in ADF and NDF concentrations during 7 day period of aerobic exposure. DL and WL showed a large increase in ADF and NDF concentrations under aerobic condition(P<0.01). 8. IVDMD values of wilted(WT), beet pulp added(BP), wilted and LAB inoculated(W1) and beet pulp added and LAB inoculated(B1) silages were higher than direct-cut treatmentPC) as 84.7, 84.7, 84.4 and 83.0%, respectively on 0 day. But during 7-day period of aerobic exposure, a great decreae in IVDMD of WL was showed(P<0.01). The experimental results indicate that wilted silage(WT) could be recommended as the most effective treatment for reducing efluent and increasing quality and feed value of rye silage without deteriorating aerobic stability more than direct cut treatment(DC). Additionally, under unfavorable weather condition beet pulp added and LAB inoculated treatment(T3L) might be the possible alternative for successful ensiling of forage rye.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.238-246
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• 1994

본 시험은 가을에 파종한 호밀()에 대한 파종시기 및 가을 수확방법이 호밀의 생육특성, 사초수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1992년 9월 5일부터 1993년 4월 21일까지 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속시럼목장의 사초시험포장에서 수행되였으며, 가을수확방법으로서 무예취, 가을예취 및 가을 방목을 주구로 하고 파종시기(조기파종;9월 5일, 중기파종;9월 25일, 만기파종;10월 15일)를 세구로 하는 분할구 시험법으로 3반복 설계배치하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 호밀의 출수시작일은 무예취 및 가을방목간에는 3일차이가 있었으나 조기 및 만기파종간에는 6일의 차이가 있었다. 따라서 호밀의 출수시작일에 미치는 가을파종시기의 영향은 가을수확방법보다 더 컸다. 2. 호밀의 CPgkafid은 가을방목구가 16.5%로 가을예취 및 무예취구의 15.6보다 조금 높았으나, 파종기에 따라 호밀의 CP함량은 조기, 중기 및 만기파종이 각각 14.2, 14.5, 19.0%를 보였다. 3. 호밀의 ADF 함량은 가을예취(29.9%)및 무예취구(29.5%)가 가을방목구의 28.0%보다 조금 높았으며 파종기에 따라서는 조기, 중기 및 만기파종이 각각 30.7, 29.1 및 27.7%를 보였다. 또한 가을수확방법 및 파종시기에 따른 호밀의 NDF함량은 ADF함량과 같은 경향을 보여주었다. 4. 호밀의 RFV와 IVDMD는 무예취 및 가을 예취구가 가을방목구보다 낮았으나, 파종기의 경우는 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 증가하였다. 5. 호밀의 건물수량은 가을예취구가 6,779kg/ha로 가장 높았고 무예취구가 6,240kg/ha로 가장 낮았으나 수확방법간에는 유의성이 없었으며 파종기에 따른 건물수량은 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 본 시험의 결과를 종합하면 호밀은 봄의 1회 수확보다 가을 일찍 파종하여 가을과 봄에 2회 수확하는것이 사초수량이 높았다.