• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.553-561
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• 2010

본 논문은 점성 감쇠기를 가진 셀프 센터링 단자유도 시스템과 탄소성 거동을 하는 단자유도 시스템의 내진 성능을 해석적 연구를 통하여 두 시스템이 유사한 최대 변위 응답을 갖도록 하는 점성 감쇠기의 감쇠비를 근사적으로 구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우선, 점성 감쇠기를 가진 셀프 센터링 단자유도 시스템의 조화 반복 가력 시의 거동에 대하여 설명하고 거동을 구현할 수 있는 해석모델을 소개한 후 두개의 단자유도 시스템의 이력거동을 특징지을 수 있는 해석변수를 설정하고 20개의 역사지진을 사용하여 비선형 시간 이력 해석을 실시하였다. 대부분의 경우 약 10 ~ 15% 정도의 점성 감쇠비를 가진 셀프 센터링 단자유도 시스템이 탄소성 거동을 하는 단자유도 시스템과 유사한 평균 최대 변위 응답을 보였다. 아울러, 3개의 탄소성 거동을 하는 단자유도 시스템과 6개의 점성 감쇠기를 가진 셀프 센터링을 선택하여 두 시스템의 내진성능을 보다 자세히 조사한 결과, 점성 감쇠기를 가진 셀프 센터링 시스템이 진동이 끝난 후 잔류변형이 남지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 약 15%의 감쇠비를 가진 점성 감쇠기를 가진 셀프 센터링 시스템은 탄소성 거동의 단자유도 시스템보다 우수한 최대 변위와 가속도 응답을 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.447-462
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• 2020

In this paper, a simplified seismic design method for low-rise dual frame-steel plate shear wall (SPSW) structures is proposed in the framework of performance-based seismic design. The dynamic response of a low-rise structure is mainly dominated by the first-mode and the structural system can be simplified to an equivalent single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator. The dual frame-SPSW structure was decomposed into a frame system and a SPSW system and they were simplified to an equivalent F-SDOF (SDOF for frame) oscillator and an equivalent S-SDOF (SDOF for SPSW) oscillator, respectively. The analytical models of F-SDOF and S-SDOF oscillators were constructed based on the OpenSees platform. The equivalent SDOF oscillator (D-SDOF, dual SDOF) for the frame-SPSW system was developed by combining the F-SDOF and S-SDOF oscillators in parallel. By employing the lateral force resistance coefficients and seismic demands of D-SDOF oscillator, the design approach of SPSW systems was developed. A 7-story frame-SPSW system was adopted to verify the feasibility and demonstrate the design process of the simplified method. The results also show the seismic demands derived by the equivalent dual SDOF oscillator have a good consistence with that by the frame-SPSW structure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1273-1289
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• 2016

This paper addresses the concept of lateral overstrength; the ratio of actual lateral strength to design base shear force, for both SDOF and MDOF systems considering soil structure interaction. Overstrength factors are obtained with inelastic time history analysis for SDOF systems for period range of 0.1-3.0 s, five different aspect ratios (h/r=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and five levels of ductility (${\mu}$=2, 3, 4, 5, 6) considering soil structure interaction. Structural overstrength for MDOF systems are obtained with inelastic time history collapse analysis for sample 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 storey RC frame systems. In analyses, 64 ground motions recorded on different site conditions such as rock, stiff soil, soft soil and very soft soil are used. Also lateral overstrength ratios considering soil structure interaction are compared with those calculated for fixed-base cases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.369-385
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• 2002

Ductility capacity is comprehensively studied for steel moment-resisting frames. Local, story and global ductility are being considered. An appropriate measure of global ductility is suggested. A time domain nonlinear seismic response algorithm is used to evaluate several definitions of ductility. It is observed that for one-story structures, resembling a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, all definitions of global ductility seem to give reasonable values. However, for complex structures it may give unreasonable values. It indicates that using SDOF systems to estimate the ductility capacity may be a very crude approximation. For multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems some definitions may not be appropriate, even though they are used in the profession. Results also indicate that the structural global ductility of 4, commonly used for moment-resisting steel frames, cannot be justified based on this study. The ductility of MDOF structural systems and the corresponding equivalent SDOF systems is studied. The global ductility values are very different for the two representations. The ductility reduction factor $F_{\mu}$ is also estimated. For a given frame, the values of the $F_{\mu}$ parameter significantly vary from one earthquake to another, even though the maximum deformation in terms of the interstory displacement is roughly the same for all earthquakes. This is because the $F_{\mu}$ values depend on the amount of dissipated energy, which in turn depends on the plastic mechanism, formed in the frames as well as on the loading, unloading and reloading process at plastic hinges. Based on the results of this study, the Newmark and Hall procedure to relate the ductility reduction factor and the ductility parameter cannot be justified. The reason for this is that SDOF systems were used to model real frames in these studies. Higher mode effects were neglected and energy dissipation was not explicitly considered. In addition, it is not possible to observe the formation of a collapse mechanism in the equivalent SDOF systems. Therefore, the ductility parameter and the force reduction factor should be estimated by using the MDOF representation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.243-259
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• 2021

In the present paper, a Monte Carlo-based framework is developed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of analytical fragility curves of steel moment-resisting frames and simple SDOF systems. It is also studied how the effectiveness of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and multiple stripes analysis (MSA) approaches, as two common nonlinear dynamic analysis methods, are influenced by the number of records and analysis stripes in fragility curves producing. Results showed that the simple SDOF systems do not provide accurate and reliable fragility curves compared with realistic steel moment-resisting structures. It is demonstrated that, the effectiveness of nonlinear dynamic analysis approaches is dependent on the fundamental period of structures, where in short-period structures, IDA is found to be more effective approach compared with MSA. This difference between the effectiveness of two analysis approaches decreases as the fundamental period of structures become longer. Using of 2 or 3 analysis stripes in MSA approach leads to significant inaccuracy and unreliability in the estimated fragility curves. Additionally, 15 number of ground motion records is recommended as a threshold of significant unreliability in estimated fragility curves, constructed by MSA.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.19-26
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• 2003

In energy-based design, the structures are generally transformed into equivalent SDOF systems to obtain the input and the dissipated energy. In this study the energy demands in multi-story structures were compared with that of equivalent single degree of freedom systems to validate the transformation method. Three-, eight-, and twenty-story steel moment-resisting frames and buckling restrained braced frames are compared with those of equivalent single degree of freedom systems. Sixty earthquake ground motions recorded in different soil conditions were used to compute the input and hysteretic energy demands in model structures. According to the analysis results, in 3 and 8-story structures the hysteretic energy demands computed in the equivalent SDOF structures are compatible with those computed in the original MDOF structures, while in the 20-story structures the transformed equivalent structures underestimated the hysteretic energy demands.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2004

The evaluation of the accumulation of permanent set for inelastic structures due to wind action is important in establishing a criterion to select a reduced design wind load and in incorporating the beneficial ductile behaviour in wind engineering. A parametric study of the accumulation of the permanent set as well as the ductility demand for bilinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems is presented in the present study. The dynamic analysis of the inelastic SDOF system is carried out using the method of Newmark for artificially generated time history of wind speed. Simulation results indicate that the mean of the normalized damage rate is highly dependent on the natural frequency of vibration. This mean value is relatively insensitive to the damping ratio if the damping ratio is larger than 5%. The scatter associated with the accumulation of the permanent set is very significant. The consideration of the postyield stiffness can significantly reduce the accumulation of the permanent set if the ratio of the yield strength to the expected peak response is small. The results also show that the ductility demand due to the wind action over a period of one hour for flexible structures can be much less than that for rigid structures or structures with larger damping ratio if the SDOF systems are designed with a reduced peak response caused by the fluctuating wind.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 에너지 소산형 감쇠기가 설치된 철근콘크리트 구조물의 지진응답 저감효과를 확률적으로 평가하기 위하여 지진취약도 함수를 도출하였다. 가속도민감 영역과 속도민감 영역에 속하는 대표 고유주기를 갖는 비선형 단자유도 시스템으로 모델링된 철근콘크리트 구조물을 대상으로 강도와 강성의 불확실성을 고려하였다. 원구조물에 다양한 강성과 감쇠를 갖는 변위의존형 감쇠기를 부가하여 비선형시간이력해석을 수행하였으며, 해석결과의 통계를 바탕으로 로그정규분포 형태의 지진취약도 함수를 도출하였다. 원구조물의 종류별로 감쇠기의 설계변수에 따른 지진취약도 함수의 변화를 검토하고 이를 통해 손상확률의 저감효과를 분석하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.571-584
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• 2022

The residual displacement ratio (RDRs) response spectra have been generally used as an important means to evaluate the post-earthquake repairability, and the ratios of residual to maximum inelastic displacement are considered to be more appropriate for development of the spectra. This methodology, however, assumes that the expected residual displacement can be computed as the product of the RDRs and maximum inelastic displacement, without considering the correlation between these two variables, which inevitably introduces potential systematic error. For providing an adequately accurate estimate of residual displacement, while accounting for the collapse resistance performance prior to the repairability evaluation, a probability-based procedure to estimate the residual displacement demands using the nonlinear static analysis (NSA) is developed for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. To this end, the energy-based equivalent damping ratio used for NSA is revised to obtain the maximum displacement coincident with the nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) results in the mean sense. Then, the possible systematic error resulted from RDRs spectra methodology is examined based on the NTHA results of SDOF systems. Finally, the statistical relation between the residual displacement and the NSA-based maximum displacement is established. The results indicate that the energy-based equivalent damping ratio will underestimate the damping for short period ranges, and overestimate the damping for longer period ranges. The RDRs spectra methodology generally leads to the results being non-conservative, depending on post-yield stiffness. The proposed approach emphasizes that the repairability evaluation should be based on the premise of no collapse, which matches with the current performance-based seismic assessment procedure.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.269-276
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• 2005

A web-based platform for nonlinear earthquake analysis on SDOF systems has been developed in the research. The proposed web-based platform is a 2-tier system composed of client and server sides. Smart Client is applied for the client side to improve the handling speed and UI compatible to the stand alone systems. For the server side, MSSQL is used as a storage for the web. XML WebService is adpoted for the networking between client and server. To examine the efficiency of the developed web-based platform, a trial study on a SDOF nonlinear structural system under earthquake excitation has been carried out.