• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.777-784
• /
• 2006

This study was designed to investigate between the semen characteristics and sperm chromatin structure in boar with different farrowing rates and relationship between fertility by AI and results of sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The CASA (computer-aided sperm analysis) and SCSA were performed with liquid semen in boars. The all SCSA parameters based on the farrowing rates by AI were significantly differ (P<0.05). The significant negative correlations (P<0.05) were observed between all SCSA parameters and farrowing rate obtained by AI in the field. In conclusion, these results suggest that the sperm parameters evaluated in these studies may be useful indicators to predict the fertility by AI.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2020

Objective: The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) guides the clinician's choice of an appropriate assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure. The DFI can be determined using commercially available methodologies, including sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) kits and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Currently, when DFI is evaluated using SCD kits, the result is analyzed in reference to the SCSA-derived threshold for the choice of an ART procedure. In this study, we compared DFI values obtained using SCSA with those obtained using SCD and determined whether the difference affects the choice of ART procedure. Methods: We compared SCSA to two SCD kits, CANfrag (n=36) and Halosperm (n=31), to assess the DFI values obtained, the correlations between tests, the technical repeatability, and the impact of DFI on the choice of ART. Results: We obtained higher median DFI values using SCD kits than when using SCSA, and this difference was significant for the CANfrag kit (p<0.001). The SCD kits had significantly higher coefficients of variation than SCSA (p<0.001). In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) would be chosen for a significantly higher proportion of patients if a decision were made based on DFI derived from SCD rather than DFI determined using SCSA (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our results indicate that SCD kit-specific thresholds should be established in order to avoid the unnecessary use of IVF/ICSI based on sperm DNA damage for the management of infertility. Appropriate measures should be taken to mitigate the increased variability inherent to the methods used in these tests.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.785-796
• /
• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the changes in sperm motility, viability, HOST(hypo-osmotic swelling test), IVP(in vitro penetration), SCSA(sperm chromatin structure assay) during storage of liquid semen collected from boars with different farrowing rates using AI, and to find the relationship between boar fertility through AI and sperm diagnostic parameters during semen storage. The results of HOST were significantly decreased according to the increasing of in semen storage days and the results of IVP were significantly decreased at 3 days of semen storage (P<0.05). The %Red was significantly different among the >80%, 70󰠏80% and <70% farrowing rate group at semen storage day 6(P<0.05). The correlation coefficients between the %Red and farrowing rate were increased according to the semen storage. In conclusion, these results suggest that the sperm parameters evaluated in these studies may be useful indicators to predict the fertility of AI and evaluate the semen quality in boars.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2019

Objective: The usual seminal profile has been customarily used for diagnosing male infertility based on an examination of semen samples. However, sperm DNA fragmentation has also been causally linked to reproductive failure, suggesting that it should be evaluated as part of male infertility assessments. To compare the ability of the five most widely utilized methodologies of measuring DNA fragmentation to predict male infertility and reactive oxygen species by Oxisperm kit assay. Methods: In this case-control study, which received ethical committee approval, the participants were divided into fertile and infertile groups (50 patients in each group). Results: The alkaline comet test showed the best ability to predict male infertility, followed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, and the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), while the neutral comet test had no predictive power. For our patient population, the projected cut-off point for the DNA fragmentation index was 22.08% using the TUNEL assay, 19.90% using SCSA, 24.74% using the SCD test, 48.47% using the alkaline comet test, and 36.37% using the neutral comet test. Significant correlations were found between the results of the SCD test and those obtained using SCSA and TUNEL (r = 0.70 and r = 0.68, respectively; p< 0.001), and a statistically significant correlation was also found between the results of SCSA and the TUNEL assay (r = 0.77, p< 0.001). Likewise, the results of the alkaline comet test showed significant correlations with those of the SCD, SCSA, and TUNEL tests (r = 0.59, r = 0.57, and r = 0.72, respectively; p< 0.001). Conclusion: The TUNEL assay, SCSA, SCD, and the alkaline comet test were effective for distinguishing between fertile and infertile patients, and the alkaline comet test was the best predictor of male infertility.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 1997

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2002

Data structure and algorithm are primary courses for computer programming education. However, now those are not interesting courses for students because the programming methodologies that used these courses are not the proper methodologies for the visual and windows programming. Therefore, we developed the SCSA (Software Component for Search Algorithm) which is a software component for effective search algorithm education, and is based on visual programming in this thesis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.901-911
• /
• 2012

The removal of security vulnerabilities during the developmental stage is found to be much more effective and much more efficient than performing the application during the operational phase. The underlying security vulnerabilities in software have become the major cause of cyber security incidents. Thus, secure coding is drawing much attention for one of its abilities includes minimizing security vulnerabilities at the source code level. Removal of security vulnerabilities at the software's developmental stage is not only effective but can also be regarded as a fundamental solution. This thesis is a research about the methods of Mobile-Secure Coding Self Assessment in order to evaluate the security levels in accordance to the application of mobile secure coding of every individual, groups, and organizations.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was two folds: to investigate the relationship between paternal identification rate and sperm quality parameters such as motility and sperm chromatin structure assay after heterospermic insemination; to see if mutual complement between tests and development of useful technique to enhance the fertility in artificial insemination. In individual boar's fertilizing ability, 3 high fertility boars showed significantly high fertility (p<0.05) compared to 3 low fertility boars, but there was no difference in litter size between two groups. Sperm motility test in pooled and individual semen using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) revealed that no significant difference among boars. The high fertile boar showed tendency of low %Red (High red fluorescence/green+red fluorescence) in sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) but paternal identification rate from piglets did not differ after heterospermic insemination. The correlation coefficient between individual or pooled semen function test and farrowing rates were well correlated as follows: %Red with litter size (r= - 0.53, p=0.03); %Red with paternal identification rates (r=-0.51, p=0.03); paternal identification rates with litter size (r=0.57, p=0.02). These results indicate that sperm chromatin structure assay and sperm quality parameter test in pooled semen are useful method to predict and evaluate the fertilizing capacity after heterospermic insemination in boars.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2015

Objective: Several publications have established a relationship between sperm DNA damage and male factor infertility, based on data from America, Europe, and Asia. This study aimed to compare the extent of sperm DNA damage in sperm samples from Nigerian men with unexplained infertility and in sperm samples from a fertile group composed of sperm donors who had successfully impregnated a female partner naturally or through assisted conception. Methods: A total of 404 men underwent male fertility evaluation at Androcare Laboratories and Cryobank participated in this study. Semen analysis and a sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) were performed on all subjects. Results: The men in the unexplained infertility group were slightly older than the men in the fertile sperm group ($36{\pm}10$ years vs. $32{\pm}6$ years, p=0.051). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in semen analysis parameters ($p{\geq}0.05$). Men in the unexplained infertility group with normal semen parameters had a significantly higher DNA fragmentation index (DFI) than men in the fertile sperm group ($27.5%{\pm}7.0%$ vs. $14.1%{\pm}5.3%$, p<0.05). In the unexplained infertility group, 63% of the men had a DFI greater than 20%, compared to 4% in the fertile sperm group. In the unexplained infertility group, 15.2% of the subjects had a DFI greater than 30%, compared to 1% in the fertile sperm group. Conclusion: Our study showed that the SCSA may be a more reliable predictor of fertility potential than traditional semen analysis in cases of unexplained infertility.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.65 no.1
• /
• pp.74-83
• /
• 2022

Objective : Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) is a surgical technique that utilizes a large interbody cage to indirectly decompress neural elements. The position of the cage relative to the vertebral body could affect the degree of foraminal decompression. Previous studies determined the position of the cage using plain radiographs, with conflicting results regarding the influence of the position of the cage to the degree of neural foramen decompression. Because of the cage obliquity, computed tomography (CT) has better accuracy than plain radiograph for the measurement of the obliquely inserted cage. The objective of this study is to find the correlation between the position of the OLIF cage with the degree of indirect decompression of foraminal stenosis using CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods : We review imaging of 46 patients who underwent OLIF from L2-L5 for 68 levels. Segmental lordosis (SL) was measured in a plain radiograph. The positions of the cage were measured in CT. Spinal canal cross-sectional area (SCSA), and foraminal crosssectional area (FSCA) measurements using MRI were taken into consideration. Results : Patients' mean age was 69.7 years. SL increases 3.0±5.1 degrees. Significant increases in SCSA (33.3%), FCSA (43.7% on the left and 45.0% on the right foramen) were found (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis shows putting the cage in the more posterior position correlated with more increase of FSCA and decreases SL correction. The position of the cage does not affect the degree of the central spinal canal decompression. Obliquity of the cage does not result in different degrees of foraminal decompression between right and left side neural foramen. Conclusion : Cage position near the posterior part of the vertebral body increases the decompression effect of the neural foramen while putting the cage in the more anterior position correlated with increases SL.