• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.556-562
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• 1989

The bioconversion of mandarin orange peel press liquor to single cell protein (SCP) by two yeast strains, F-60, and C-7, which were isolated from mandarin orange peel was carried out and compared with that of using Candida utilis IFO 0598. Experiments were directed toward the high yield of biomass and high protein in cultures of the strains mentioned above. Candida utilis IFO 0598, F-60 and C-7 strains were cultivated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5.2 for 3 days in shaking flasks. The effects of some nutrients on cell growth were studied. Cell mass and protein content per cell mass were increased by addition of urea 1%, KH$_2$PO$_4$ 0.1% and MgSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ 0.05%, When the F-60 strain cultured under the optimal conditions, cell mass, growth yield and protein content were 41.2g/l, 53.9%, 59.7%, respectively. Cell mass was also increased up to 15% by modifying the fermentation condition on the bench type 20l jar fermentor. Crude fat content (10.3%) of dried C-7 cell was higher than those of C. utilis and F-60, 4.9% and 5.6% respectively. Total protein content of the F-60 strain was 59.7% per dry weight. And we compared their amino acid compositions with that of FAO provisional pattern. In the case of the F-60 strains, amino acid contents such as lysine, leucine and isoleucine were much higher than those of methionine, cystine and tryptophan.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

The study aims to explore industrial and firms' strategic factors affecting diffusion of digital convergence by studying major global IPTV markets. Market and firm variables are selected using the Industrial Organization's SCP approach. Data for the variables are collected from global 31 IPTV operators representing 20 countries. The analysis indicates that the penetration of broadband Internet and the market share of a dominant player in the Pay TV positively affect the penetration of the IPTV service, whereas the penetration of Pay TV, ARPU, firms' strategy and resource do not have influence on its penetration. The study is the cross-country analysis and contributes to the media study by exploring the relationship between market variables and the development of convergent media. Consequently, the study is expected to help policy makers tailor their digital policy for local environment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.256-263
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• 1997

Supercooling points (SCP) and cold tolerance of the tobacco cutworm, Spodol~rera litura Fabricius. were measured in response to subzero temperatures. SCPs were varied among developmental stages. Eggs showed the lowest SCP (-27$^{\circ}$C). Pupae and adults had the intermediate SCP(- 18$^{\circ}$C). The SCPs (- I0 to - 16$^{\circ}$C) of larvae increased with their ages. Lethal low temperature of each stage was higher than its SCP. Preexposure of eggs and larvae to a sublethal low temperature increased their survival capacities under lethal low temperatures. The sublethal temperature also induced the fifth instar larvae to increase hemolymph osmolality and to produce cold-induced proteins of apparent molecular weights of 20 and 27 kD. These results indicate that this species is classified into a freeze-susceptible insect.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.8 s.114
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• pp.711-719
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• 2006

A series of geotechnical centrifuge model tests and numerical modelling have been performed to study engineering characteristics of the composite ground reinforced by both the Sand Compaction Piles(SCPs) and the deformation-reducing sheet piles. The research has covered several key issues such as the load-settlement relation, the stress concentration ratio and the final water content of the ground Totally three centrifuge tests have been conducted by changing configuration of the sheet piles, i.e., a test without the sheet pile, a test with the sheet pile at a single side and a test with the sheet piles at the both sides. In the model tests, a vertical load was applied in-flight on the ground surface. On the other hand, class-C type numerical modelling has been performed by using the SAGE-CRISP to compare the centrifuge test results using an elasto-plastic model for SCPs and the Modified Cam Clay model for the soft clay. It has been found that the sheet piles can restraint failure of foundation, thereby increasing yield stress of the ground. The stress concentration ratio was in the range of $2{\sim}4$. In addition, numerical analysis results showed reductions both in the ground heave($20{\sim}30%$) and in the horizontal movement($28{\sim}43%$), demonstrating the deformation-reducing effect of the sheet piles.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.117-128
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• 2000

Sand compaction pile(SCP) is one of the ground improvement techniques which is being used for not only accelerating consolidation but also increasing bearing capacity of loose sands or soft clay grounds. In this study, laboratory model test and large-scale direct shear test were performed to investigate the effects of area replacement ratio of composite ground in order to find out the optimum value of area replacement ratio for the ground improvement purpose. Area replacement ratios of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% were chosen respectively in the model tests to study the effects of area replacement ratio on variations of stress concentration ratio, settlement and shear strength characteristics of composite ground. In large-scale direct she4ar tests, area replacement ratios of 20%, 30%, 46% were applied to study their effects on shear strength characteristics of composite ground.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.500-507
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• 2016

This study was undertaken to improve the survival and early life growth rates of cold-water fish by culturing rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) with low-temperature tolerance. The enrichment experiment was carried out at different temperatures and over different time intervals. Cultivation of the rotifer at low temperatures was repeated, with the selected and cultured as the water temperature was gradually lowered from $20^{\circ}C$ to $10^{\circ}C$. Enrichment of the rotifer was completed using A, S, SCV and SCP. Enrichment was carried out after 6, 12 and 24 hours at three different temperatures (10, 15 and $20^{\circ}C$). In the growth experiments, the rotifer increased to approximately triple their original size, from $350{\pm}7.9ind./ml$ to $1,064{\pm}5.7ind./ml$ at $10^{\circ}C$ over 50 days. The fatty acid composition of the four enrichment materials was species-specific, with the highest ratios belonging to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahezaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) in SCP. The fatty acid composition of the rotifers was affected by the enrichment materials. The EPA (% of total fatty acid) was more than 2 % in SCP, which showed a higher ratio than the other enrichment materials. DHA was higher in S reaching 12.40 % at $15^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The highest levels of EPA (3.09 %) and DHA (11.65 %) were obtained after the rotifers were enriched with S at $20^{\circ}C$ for 12hours.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of screw- and cement-retained implant prosthesis (SCP) design in terms of retained preload of abutment screws and cement washout. Materials and methods: Patients with the partial posterior edentulous areas comprised the study group. Implants were placed, and SCPs were delivered after 3 to 6 months healing. Follow-up examinations were performed. The implant survival rate and the prosthetic success rate were evaluated. The retained preload ratio of abutment screws and the prosthetic decementation ratio were measured. Results: Twenty one SCPs (forty three implants)in twenty patients were followed up to 64 months. All of the implants survived during the follow-up period (mean follow-up: 34 months). The prosthetic success rate was 100 % considering no abutment, screw, porcelain or metal frame fractures, as well as no screw loosening. The retained preload ratio of SCPs at the end of follow-up period was 97.61% (${\pm}16.29$) and the decementation ratio was 9.5 %. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this clinical study, SCP design showed favorable short-term clinical performances in respect of screw loosening and cement washout.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.391-395
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• 1985

In order to develope a protoplast fusion system for citric acid and SCP producing Candida lipolytica, the optimal conditions for the formation and regeneration of protoplast were examined and the protoplast fusion was performed. At the optimal conditions of growth phase and Zymolyase treatment, frequencies of protoplast formation were 98%. Approximately 20-30% of protoplasts were regenerated on the regeneration minimal medium containing 3% agar and 30mM $CaCl_2$ with the overlay of the same medium. The fusion frequencies, 4-5${\pm}$10$^{-4}$, were accomplished by the treatment of two nutritionally complementary auxotrophic protoplasts, L-14 ($lys^-$) and T-24 (X$30^-$), with 30% PEG 6000 containing 100mM $CaCl_2$ at $30^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.410-417
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• 2019

The enhancement effects of sea mustard extract (SME), starfish collagen peptide (SCP) and a mixture of the two (MIX) on skin activity were evaluated to investigate the possibility of using marine-derived extracts as cosmetic additives. The anti-inflammatory activity, whitening activity and skin elasticity activity of the extracts were analyzed to evaluate their skin-activating effects. Inhibiting the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities were assessed as the bio-markers for evaluating skin activity. SME, SCP and MIX did not show cytotoxicity within the concentration range of 1.0-50 ㎍/mL. In addition, SME, SCP and MIX all increased NO production and the tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner. The activity of MIX was significantly increased compared to that with using SME or SCP alone. Taken together, when natural extracts are applied as cosmetic additives, the results demonstrate that using a mixture of SME and SCP may have a greater synergistic effect than that when using only a single extract. Therefore, this study contributes to the knowledge about the kinds and composition of several natural extracts when they are used as cosmetic additives.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.784-790
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• 2002

For mass product of nanocrystalline ZnO ultrafine powders, self-sustaining combustion process(SCP) and ultrasonic spray combustion method(USCM) were applied at the same time. Ultrasonic spray gun was attached on top of the vertical type furnace. The droplet was sprayed into reaction zone of the furnace to form SCP which produces spherical shape with soft agglomerate crystalline ZnO particles. To characterize formed particles, fuel and oxidizing agent for SCP were used glycine and zinc nitrate or zinc hydroxide. Respectively, with changing combustion temperature and mixture ratio of oxidizing agent and fuel, the best ultrasonic spray conditions were obtained. To observe ultrasonic spray effect, two types of powder synthesis processes were compared. One was directly sprayed into furnace from the precursor solution (Type A), the other directly was heated on the hot plate without using spray gun (Type B). Powder obtained by type A was porous sponge shape with heavy agglomeration, but powder obtained using type B was finer primary particle size, spherical shape with weak agglomeration and bigger value of specific surface area. 9/ This can be due to much lower reaction temperature of type B at ignition time than type A. Synthesized nanocrystalline ZnO powders at the best ultrasonic spray conditions have primary particle size in range 20~30nm and specific surface area is about 20m$^2$/g.