• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.366-379
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify causal relationships among variables of transtheoretical model for exercise in the elderly A predictivel model explaining the stage of change was constructed based on a transtheoretical model. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 198 old adults over 60 years old in a community setting in Seoul, Korea in April and May,1999. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling (LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationship of variables. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was X2=132.85. (df=22, p=.000). GFI=.88, NNFI=.35, NFI=.77, AGFI=.59 which was not favorable but the fit of modified model to the data was X2=46.90. (df=27, p=.01).GFI= .95, NNFI=.91, NFI=.92, AGFI=.87) which was more than moderate. The predictable variables of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly were helping relationship, self cognitive determination, conversion of negative condition in process of change and efficacy for exercise. These variables explained 68% of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.686-694
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of moxibustion on physiological indices, such as 24-hr blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse rate, and autonomic nervous symptoms among adults with prehypertension. Methods: Participants were adults whose systolic and diastolic blood pressures were in the prehypertension stage and were not under treatment for the condition. Both experimental and control group consisted of 13 participants who were taking classes on acupuncture and moxibustion at a private institute. The experimental group received moxibustion once a day for 15 min, at least 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The results were analyzed using $x^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and repeated measures ANOVA with the SAS program. Bonferroni correction method was adopted for multiple comparisons. Results: No significant change was observed in the 24-hr systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups. Differences in the 24-hr pulse pressure and pulse rate were also not significant. However, significant decreases in headache, symptoms of flushing and fatigue were observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results suggest that moxibustion contributes to alleviating symptoms such as headache, flushing and fatigue associated with the autonomic nervous system among adults with prehypertension.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate predictors of depression among elderly who have received visiting health services in public health centers. Method: The data has been collected from 678 elderly living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province during the period from February 21 to June 30 in 2006. The data were collected by individual interview and were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SAS 9.1 program. Result: Among elderly, 73.8% of them showed depression. The elderly with higher level of socioeconomic status (${\beta}=0.136$, p=0.019) and higher level of social support including family support(${\beta}=-0.018$, p<.0001), friend's support(${\beta}=-0.025$, p<.0001) and special person's support (${\beta}=-0.021$, p<.0001) show lower levels of depression. In addition, elderly with perceived good health status (${\beta}=0.119$, p<.0001) feel less depression than those who have poor health condition. Conclusion: These findings suggest that low socioeconomic status and lower level of social support among elderly should be considered to decrease depression. These findings would contribute to health education, designing interventions and program development for appropriate depression management for the elderly.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.687-697
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• 1996

There has been a lot of research into the essence of the smile, but so far just a few studies have been done on the relationship between personality and smile. On the assumption that smile aesthetics are closely related to individual physical condition and psychological state, this study investigated the correlation between personality factors and smile scores. The Personality Factor Questionnaire test was administered to 60 university students (male : 30, female : 30) who have no teeth missing, no experience of orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment and good dentition. Then, portraits were taken in a full smile. Esthetic smile scores were estimated by 10 appraisers who were dentists. These scores were analyzed statistically using the SAS program. The following results were obtained. 1. Personality factors of Warmth, Stableness, Surgency, Boldness, Untroubled-adequacy, Group-dependence, Relaxation, Extraversion, Low anxiety were positively correlated to the aesthetic level of smile. 2. For females, personality factors had greater influence on smile aesthetics, whereas male smile aesthetics were less influenced by personality factors.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2002

The resistances of metal2 contact to metall and poly Si are checked by various RF etch conditions in terms of pre-cleaning. The changes of resistance are evaluated by statistical analysis method(SAS) for the AC bias power, coil power and RF target. The contact area on poly Si is shown by TEM image and the distributions of contact resistance according to ar etch target and RTP are investigated. The RTP groups have larger variations than normal RF etch targets. When the RF etch target becomes lower and coil power becomes higher, the resistances of metal2 contact to metals and poly Si have lower contact resistance. But the condition of AC bias power did not satisfied low meta12 contacts resistance for metall and poly Si simultaneously. The R-square of ststistical analysis was 0.98 for resistances of meta12 contact to poly Si and 0.87 for resistances of meta12 contact to metall.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.340-349
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• 2015

Purpose: Patients on hemodialysis need to manage the stress of having a life-threatening condition. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with stress among patients on hemodialysis. Methods: The research had a cross-sectional, descriptive design using a questionnaire. The participants were 91 adult patients on hemodialysis from four dialysis centers in a large Korean city. Data were analyzed with the SAS 9.2 program using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: There were statistically significant differences in stress by age, dialysis period, and change in employment status. In hemodialysis patients, stress was significantly positive correlated with fatigue and depression, but negatively correlated with self-esteem. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for stress revealed that the most powerful predictor was depression. Depression and fatigue explained 32.5% of the variance. Conclusion: The results indicate a need to manage the stress of these patients. The findings also suggest that consideration be given to characteristics of age, dialysis period, and employment status in developing strategies to reduce depression and fatigue and developing programs to manage the stress of patients on hemodialysis.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.651-661
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to identify factors affecting the functional status in disabled persons in the Jeiu Province. Method: Data were collected from 318 disabled persons in the Jeiu province during the period from the 6th of July to the 11th of October in 2006. The functional status was assessed by the disability assessment schedule II (Whodas II) of the World Health Organization and collected data were analyzed using the SAS 8.0 program. Result: The mean score of WHODAS II was 29.9. According to the results of multiple regression, factors affecting the functional status were perceived health condition(t=3.44, p<.001), brain disorder disability(t=2.55, p<.001), treatment status(t=-1.95, p=.05), drinking(t=2.09, p=.04), stress(t=-2.72, p=.01), depression(t=-2.70, p=.01). heart disease(t=2.62. p=.01) and anemia(t=2.20, p=.03). Conclusion: The functional status was affected by health behaviors, diseases, and the type of disability. Thus, future efforts to promote the functional status of disabled persons may need to take into account all these factors.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2006

Purpose: To determine the effect of Tai Chi exercise program on fatigue, stress, and quality of life in middle aged women. Method: The study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Thirty subjects were assigned for experimental group and thirty four subjects were assigned for control group. The subjects in the experimental group were participated in Tai Chi exercise program for 60 minutes per session 3 times a week for 8weeks. Tai Chi exercise program consists of 10 minutes warm-up, 45 minutes main, and 5 minutes cooling down exercises. In order to evaluate the effect of Tai Chi exercise program, fatigue, stress, and qualify of life were assessed by measuring the condition of the participants in respect of fatigue, stress, and qualify of life with questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using $x^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test by a SAS-pc+ 8.12 program. Result: After 8 weeks Tai Chi exercise program, there were significant improvement in fatigue, stress, and quality of life in middle aged women. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise program can be an effective nursing intervention to improve fatigue, stress, and quality of life in middle aged women.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.180-192
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey basic data for management of elderly day care centers. In this study, occupation, leisure life, and food, clothing and habituation, as well as social relationship, health state and behavior, and general characteristics of subjects were examined to identify the factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers. The subjects of this study were 392 elderly, aged 60 years or over, living in Gangnung and neighboring districts. Data were collected by educated interviewers from November 4 through November 22, 2002. The subjects were interviewed face to face, one for one after the interviewee's agreements on the survey. The collected data were analysed with logistic regression analysis by SAS (statistical analysis system). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify affecting factors for cognition, need and preference of the elderly day care centers. The major findings are as follows: 1. The factors affecting cognition for the day care centers were analysed. The subjects with an occupation and a lower satisfaction level of living environment and friendship, who were economically secure enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher level of cognition of the day care centers. The subjects with a higher level of mental health state and a lower level of IADL also showed a higher level of cognition. On the general characteristics younger female subjects showed a higher level of cognition. 2. The subjects with a lower level of perceived economic condition who did not own their housing and were not economically safe enough to manage a sudden accident, had showed a higher level of need for the day care centers. It showed that the subjects with a high level of mental health state, a bad eye sight and dental condition, a good perceived health condition, and a lower level of IADL, needed the centers. 3. The subjects who had an occupation, however, not capable of making their own daily expenses, and a low occupation satisfaction level, and who did not own their housing, and were economically poor not enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher preference for the day care centers. The subjects with higher levels of friendship satisfaction and perceived health condition, not living with their spouse, and a higher education level, showed a higher preference for the centers. In conclusion, the common factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers were occupation, economic security enough to manage accidents, and friendship satisfaction level. Especially, the subjects who had an occupation, however, not economically secure enough to manage accidents, and who did not live in their own housing with a good perceived health condition, showed high levels of need and preference for the day care centers. These results can be used as basic data to develop the efficient elderly day care centers, thus contribute to the elderly welfare in a local community.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.817-828
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• 1999

This is a descriptive study on quality of life(QOL) and related factors of ostomates to provide a basic data for development of nursing interventions. The subjects were 110 ostomates who were members of the Daegu or Daejon branches of the Korean Ostomy Association. Data collection was performed between March 1st and April 6th, 1998. Measurements of QOL, self-care, family support, self-esteem, and hope were used as the study tools. Data were analyzed with the SAS program by using t-test, ANOVA Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The results are as follows : 1) The score on the QOL scale ranged from 97 to 226 with a mean of 164.53($\pm$28.29). 2) The score of QOL on the general and ostomate-related characteristics showed significant differences according to monthly income, monthly participation in ostomate meetings, combined treatments after operation, types of evacuation management, problems of ostomy, help in caring for the ostomy, length of time since ostomate surgery, and presence or absence of readmission after discharge. 3) There were significant positive correlations between quality of life and other factors : self-esteem(r＝0.7107, P＜0.001), hope(r＝0.6584, P＜0.001) family support(r＝0.6191, P＜0.001), perception of health condition(r＝0.6017, P＜0.001), and self-care (r＝0.2286, P＜0.05). 4) The variables that affected the quality of life of the subjects were self-esteem, level of family support, perception of health condition, monthly participation in ostomate meetings, combined treatments after operation, monthly income, level of hope, and age in that order. The variance of quality of life was $R^2$＝77.20 percent by calculating the sum of those variables. In conclusion, it is necessary for nursing intervention to promote self-esteem, family support, and hope in the care of ostomates in order to improve QOL.