• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 1998

To investigate whether the introduced genetic marker is useful to detect the survivalship and activity of the natural bacteria under the stressed conditions, one Gram-negative isolate, KP964 was transformed to the luminous phenotype by transferring luxAB gene. Under the starvation-stress this luminous bacterial culturability (determined by colony-forming-units [CFU] on agar plate) decreased rapidly below the detection limit by 37 days, while its total cell number (determined by AODC) remained almost the same as its initial inocular size. At that time period, the viable cell number was estimated to be 1400 times higher than its CFU number. The bioiuminescence (determined by relative light units [RLU]) produced under the same condition was also monitored and found to decrease more rapidly than the culturability by 5-fold. Under the other stresses, e.g., osmotic shocks, acid shock, and exposure to toxic chemicals, this bacterial strain did not show the reliable correlation between CFU and RLU. These results might not suggest the direct estimation of bioiuminescence from the stressed bacteria be an index of both the survivalship and its activity. However, when the stressed bacterial cells were incubated under the favorable condition by relieving from the existing stress, the potential bioiuminescence (the lag periods before the increase of bioiuminescence, the increase rates of bioiuminescence, and the maximal levels of bioiuminescence) was shown to be highly dependent upon the strengths of the stresses exposed to the bacterial cells. Therefore, analysis of the potential bioiuminescence from the stressed bacteria revealed good relationships with survival as well as activity.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1994

The Deogbong napseok clay deposit which is composed mainly of dickite and pyrophyllite has been formed by hydrothermal alteration of the Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks consisting of andesitic tuff and andesite. The mineralogy of the napseok ores and the hydrothermal alteration processes have been studied in order to know the nature of the interaction between minerals and fluids for the formation of the deposit. Chemical distribution shows that alkali elements and silica were mobile but alumina was relatively immobile during the hydrothermal processes. It is evident that enrichment of alumina and leaching of silica from the host rock led to the formation of the napseok ore, whereas the enrichment of silica in the outer zone of the deposit gave rise to the silica zone. A large amount of microcrystalline quartz closely associated with dickite and pyrophyllite suggests the increasing activity of silica. Thus Si which was released away from the argillic zone by the increasing activity of silica. Thus Si which was released away from the argillic zone by the increasing activity of silica solubility moved out precipitating in the margin of the deposit to form the silica zone. Variation in dickite crystallinity implies the local change in the stability of the system. Thermodynamic calculation shows that the invariant point of pyrophyllite-dickite (kaolinite)-diaspore-quartz assemblages at 500 bars in the system $Al_{2}O_{3}-SiO_{2}-H_{2}O$ is about 300 $^{\circ}C$. Based on the mineral assemblages and the experimental data reported, it is estimated that the main episode of hydrothermal alteration occurred at least above 270 to 300 $^{\circ}C$ and $X_{CO_2}$ <0.025. Mineral occurrence and chemical variation indicate that the activity of Al is high in the upper part of the deposit, whereas the activity of Si is high in the lower part and the margin of the deposit. The nonequilibrium phase relations observed in the Deogbong deposit might be due to local change in intensive thermodynamic variables and fluid transport properties that resulted in the formation of nonequilibrium phases b of several stages.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on feed utilization, blood parameters, and meat quality of Korean native goats. Totally sixteen Korean native goats, 15 kg of average BW aged at 7 months, were employed in the experiment with eight replicates per treatment. One group was fed quercetin at 200 mg/kg level and the other group was fed none as control for 15 days. Dietary inclusion of quercetin did not affect feed intake, water intake, and the amount of urine and feces. Digestibilities of crude fat, NDF, and ADF for 5 days were not affected, but digestibility of crude protein was increased by the dietary inclusion of qurecetin (P<0.05). Quercetin increased rumen total VFA, propionate, and butyrate significantly (P<0.05). Acetate/propionate ratio (A/P) in the quercetin treated group was significantly higher than control. 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) reducing activity of the loin from goat fed quercetin was higher than that of control. Sensory analysis conducted at 24 hr post mortem revealed that color, texture, and overall acceptability of the loin from goat fed quercetin were significantly preferred to that of control. Feeding quercetin did not influence pH, water holding capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, TBARS value, and fatty acid composition of the loin significantly. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of quercetin increased the digestibility of crude protein, rumen total VFA, propionate, butyrate, and A/P ratio. In addition the higher color and texture preference and ABTS+reducing activity of loin indicating some beneficial effect on enhancement of meat qualityin goats.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 1996

The AIDS is a serious health problem worldwide today and also in Korea. Increasing knowledge and modification of behavior by health education is an important goal of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) prevention strategies. And school health education is an important part of health education. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitude about AIDS in teachers and professors in Taegu City and to provide the basic data for school health education. A self-administered questionnaire was given to 1,124 teachers and professors from April to June 1992. Indeed, the majority of the teachers and professors have a lot of knowledges about AIDS, but many of them also have misconceptions. The level of knowledge about AIDS was positively associated with attitude toward infected students. The sources of knowledge about AIDS were mainly TV, newspapers and magazines, but a few of the subjects obtained their knowledge from health education programs. This study suggests that the reinforcement of health education for the teachers, professors and students he needed to provide the accurate knowledge on AIDS and adequate knowledge sources and materials for school health education on AIDS should be developed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 1989

This study was conducted to compare the date on knowledge, attitude and motivation toward blood donation between donors and nondonors. The study population included 622 donors and 322 nondonors who visited the mobile blood donation car of Taegu Red Cross Blood Center and participated the group appointed blood donation campaign managed by the center from March 1 to March 31, 1989. The donors and nondonors were questioned above mentioned items with a formulated questionnaire. Among the general characteristics of the subjects in the study, male predominace(84.1% in donors and 73.6% in nondonors) in young age group (16-24 years) was the outstanding feature. As a medium of information about blood donation, "television" was playing a dominant role(donors ; 75.2%, nondonors ; 78.9%), while "magazine"played more important roles among donors. Of the donors, 70.6% and of the nondonors, 58.1% replied that they had ever been induced to donate blood (p<0.01). Major inducers were friend and personnel of mobile blood donation vehicle. On the measuring of knowledge level, the average rates of correct answer was higher in donors (62.6%) than in nondonors (54.1%) (p<0.01). Higher the education level was presented, higher the knowledge level (p<0.05). There have been noticeable difference between donors and nondonors in blood replying the questionnaire set to measure their attitude toward blood donation. especially in the items such as "impression toward blood", "selection of transfusion blood source" and "view on the situation of blood shortage." The major motivation toward blood donation of the groups were "possible future need" and "altruism or humanitarian interest". The major reasons for not donating blood in both groups were "fear of the needle" and around to visit to mobile car or center."

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.314-328
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• 1997

A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to low-dose solvent on neurobehavioral performance of 48 male workers exposed to organic solvents. A control group of 50 workers was selected from same factories. Each worker completed a medical and occupational questionnaire and four tests of Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery. These included Benton visual retention test, digit symbol, digit span, and pursuit aiming. Comparison of mean performance showed a significantly poorer performance on digit symbol, digit span, and pursuit aiming. In univariate analysis, age contributed to poor performance on Benton visual retention test and educational level was found to reduce the performance on symbol digit in both groups. Amount of alcohol intake was found to reduce the performance on digit symbol and smoking appeared to slow pursuit aiming in the exposure group. In multiple regression analysis, controlling for age, educational level, alcohol, and smoking, Solvent exposure was found to be associated with performance of digit span, and number of correct dot of pursuit aiming. Age on Benton visual retention, educational level on digit symbol, arid smoking on pursuit aiming were found to be a significant factors on each test items. This study suggest that short-term memory, and perception can be affected easily by chronic exposure of organic solvents which air concentration levels were under the Threshold Limit Value.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2008

Purpose : To assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in epileptic children receiving carbamazepine or oxcarbazpine, we investigate serum sodium changes according to age, serum carbamazepine level, and daily oxcarbazepine dosage, and the prevalence of symptoms of hyponatremia. Methods : We reviewed the clinical data of the 197 children receiving carbamazepine and/or oxcarbazepine with or without antiepileptic therapy. And these were classified into the carbamazepine treated patients (group I), oxcarbazepine treated patients (group II), and carbamzepine or oxcarbazepine with other antiepileptics treated patients (group III). Potentially predictive values for development of hyponatremia were examined in each group: age, plasma level of carbamazepine and daily dosage of oxcarbazepine. We assessed the symptoms of hyponatremia. Results : The overall prevalence of hyponatremia was 20.8% (group I, II and III : 17.9%, 22.6%, and 21.8%, respectively), and the prevalence in groups II and III compared with controls (P<0.03) was significantly lower. The changes of serum sodium levels relation to age were not significantly different. The changes of serum sodium levels by increasing of serum levels of carbamazepine and dosage of oxcarbazepine were statistically significant (P<0.01). Among the 41 patients who had biochemical hyponatremia, the prevalence of hyponatremic symptoms was 17.1%. Conclusion : Hyponatremia may occur relatively more frequently with oxcarbazepine or combined other antiepileptics than carbamzepine therapy only. Age of children receiving carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine was no predictive value for occurrence of hyponatremia. The patients whose serum level were less than 125 mEq/L showed more severe clinical symptoms than any other study groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to illuminate historical sensitivity and design in the days of the Joseon era and examines the phenomenon of acculturation as revealed in the planting of Sophora japonica and Zelkova serrata in the garden grove by looking into the purpose underlying the construction, formative intention and the process of change in Pohang's Chirinjeong wonlim. Chirinjeong, also called Sanggaejeong(雙槐亭) after the fact that two Zelkova serrata trees were planted there, is a hermit pavilion in Sa-il village, Chogok-ri, built in the 9th year of King Taejong(1409) by Jang, Pyo(張彪, 1349~?) of an officer of bureaucratic origin toward the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, the Chirinjeong garden grove is an element essential to Chogok, the 3rd Gok of Sanggaegoogok(雙溪九曲). The wonlim of Chirinjeong is divided into the pavilion section composed of the entrance area, Chirinjeong, composed of Zelkova serrata and Sophora japonica, and the pond section composed of a quadrangular pond and island(方池方島), and Lagerstroemia indica. In view of the intent of the name Chirinjeong or of the fact that the pavilion was named based on that the royal seal string was hung on the Sanggwaesoo(雙槐樹) or two Zelkova serrata trees, it is reasonable to view it as Zelkova serrata trees having been planted early in the days of the Joseon Dynasty and those additionally planted later on that symbolizes the position of the three nobles and the Sophora japonica. In addition, in spite of the fact that the type of trees supplementarily planted in the 21st year of King Yeongjo(1745) is known as Sophora japonica, it is impossible to rule out the possibility of the tree planted outside of Chirinjeong being Zelkova serrata. In short, the three Zelkova serrata trees planted along with Sophora japonica must certainly be evidence that Zelkova serrata planted along with Sophora japonica in Chirinjeong wonlim indicates that the off spring of the Indong Jang family could tell the difference between Sophora japonica and Zelkova serrata. In the recognition process of Zelkova serrata trees finding their way into Korea, it was known as Zelkova serrata on the one hand and as Sophora japonica on the other, and the former, which enjoys a comparative advantage over in terms of the easiness with which to purchase, growth speed and possibility of growing into a long-lived tree was interchanged with Zelkova serrata, a case of acculturation as manifested in the planting of Sophora japonica in the Chirinjeong garden grove.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2009

Purpose: We retrospectively studied the outcomes of the shoulder impingement syndrome for the treatment of the ultrasound-guided subacromial bursal steroid injection. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six shoulders of sixty-two patients with shoulder impingement syndrome treated from March, 2006 to April, 2009 were involved in this study. All cases underwent standardized, nonoperative treatment protocol consisting of 5~12 MHz high resolution ultrasound-guided local steroid injection into the subacromial bursa in modified Crass position. The shoulder range of motion, VAS score and impingement signs were evaluated during the initial and 1year visits. After injection, shoulder elevation exercise was encouraged. Statistical analysis with ANOVA model and Tukey's post-hoc test with the significance level at 5% were performed using SAS program. Results: All cases showed improved range of motion without limitation of shoulder function at immediate post-injection, 6-week, 3-month and 1year visits. The average VAS score at one year follow-up decreased to 2.85 from 6.47 before injection. In all cases the impingement signs became negative immediate after injection. However, 6 cases showed positive impingement signs after 6-week, which became negative after reinjection. The range of motion and VAS score were improved at one-year follow-up compared to initial visit (p<0.0001). No complication was noted at all follow-up period. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided subacromial steroid injection alleviated the need of surgery, because it was successful in all our cases to improve pain and function of the shoulders until one year follow-up period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the physiochemical properties and anti-diabetic effect of yacon vinegar by two-step fermentation. Yacon was matured at room temperature for 20 days. The sugar content of yacon juice prepared from mature yacon was approximately $14^{\circ}Brix$. In the first stage, yacon wine was produced from the juice at $28^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. In the second stage, acetic acid fermentation was conducted at $30^{\circ}C$ and 200 rpm for 6 days to produce yacon vinegar with 4.75% acidity. The major free sugars of yacon vinegar were glucose and fructose at 2,072.12 mg% and 463.95 mg%, respectively. The acetic acid content was the highest of the major organic acids at 3,881.44 mg%. The total free amino acid content was 62.88 mg% with the main free amino acids being proline, ${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid and ornithine. The major minerals of yacon vinegar were Ca, K and Mg. The in vivo anti-diabetic activity of yacon vinegar was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were administered orally with 10% yacon juice and two yacon vinegars (5% and 10%) at a dose of 7 mL/kg body weight once per day for 4 weeks. Five% yacon vinegar improved the fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance test significantly compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05). Yacon vinegar increased the pancreatic C-peptide concentration in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that 5% yacon vinegar has a more potent effect on ameliorating hyperglycemia than 10% yacon juice.