• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful golf putting strokes. The study population included 8 male secondary school golf players who had played golf for over 3 years and whose handicap was 4 or lower. A hole was made on a 5-m-long artificial flat mat for practice, and an environment similar to that of a real green was created. The participants' motions were analyzed through 3D image analysis, and the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful putting strokes in the same direction was determined. Data analysis revealed the following findings: The time spent for a segment of putting was the greatest for the backswing segment for both successful and unsuccessful strokes. During address and impact, the both changed to a larger extent. For successful putting strokes, the change in the elbow angle during the downswing was greater for the right elbow than for the left elbow. For both successful and unsuccessful putting strokes, the left shoulder angle increased during the segment from address to the turning point and decreased during the segment from the turning point to impact. In contrast, the right shoulder angle significantly differed between successful and unsuccessful putting strokes only during address. During successful and unsuccessful motions, the swing was executed with the moving displacement of the X-axis of the club head maintained almost constant along a straight light without back and forth movement. In the backswing segment, moving displacement of the Y- and Z-axes was greater in successful strokes than in unsuccessful strokes; however, this difference was very small for the Y-axis. The velocity of the club head for successful and unsuccessful motions significantly differed during address and at the turning point. The highest velocity of the ball was greater for successful than for unsuccessful putting strokes.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2008

목 적: 토모테라피 영상유도장치인 MVCT (mega-voltage computed tomography) 영상을 이용하여 자유 호흡시 분할 치료 간 간조직의 위치변화 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 4월부터 2007년 8월까지 간종양에 토모테라피를 받은 환자 26 명을 대상으로 치료 시작 후 10회까지 매회 치료시의 MVCT 영상을 분석하였다. 1차적으로 골격 구조에 따라 셋업오차보정을 한 상태에서 2차원 직교좌표계 상에서 간조직 경계부위의 위치 변화를 치료계획 KVCT (Kilo-Voltage Computed Tomography)와 MVCT의 영상융합을 통해 비교하여 오차 정도를 파악하였다. 간종양의 위치 별 변화 양상을 보기 위하여 종양 위치를 Couinaud's proposal을 기준으로 1군(Segment 1), 2군(Segment 2, 3, 4), 3군(Segment 5, 6), 4군(Segment 7, 8)으로 나누어 각 군별 위치 변화 양상을 비교하였다. 결 과: MVCT를 통해 알아본 평균 셋업오차는 각각 $0.45{\pm}2.04\;mm$ (좌-우), $0.97{\pm}4.06\;mm$ (상-하), $8.38{\pm}4.67\;mm$ (전-후) 이었다. 2군에서 전방 바깥쪽으로 $2.80{\pm}1.73\;mm$, 좌방 안쪽으로 $2.23{\pm}1.37\;mm$ 이동하였고 4군에서는 전, 후, 좌, 우 각 방향으로 $-0.15{\pm}3.93\;mm$, $-3.15{\pm}6.58\;mm$, $-0.60{\pm}3.58\;mm$, $-4.50{\pm}5.35\;mm$ 이동하였다. 1, 2, 3군에서 후방으로의 위치 변화는 평균 1 mm 이내였다(각각 $0.07{\pm}0.9 \;mm$, $-0.07{\pm}1.38\;mm$, $0.50{\pm}0.47\;mm$). MVCT 값들의 적용 시 보이는 2군에서의 종양체적 감소는 위 독성을 증가시킬 것으로 생각되었다. 결 론: 분할치료 간 간조직의 위치 변화 양상은 각 군마다 편차가 있는 가운데 어느 정도 규칙적이었다. 호흡에 의한 간조직의 기하학적 변형은 segment 2, 3, 4에서 좌방 표적 체적의 감소를 가져오는 반면 segment 5, 6에서는 호흡에도 불구하고 안정적인 양상을 나타내었다. 따라서 자유 호흡 상태에서 간 좌엽에 대한 방사선치료 시 위에 대한 독성을 줄이기 위해 보다 세심한 접근이 필요하다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.40-52
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• 2007

1. Objectives and Methods The purpose of this study was to objectify the diagnosis of Sasang Constitution. 63 Male Juvenile's and 151 Female Juvenile's sentences were analyzed into 73 factors like Pitch, APQ, Shimmer, Octave and Energy, etc. Juvenile's sentences were classified into 6 categories: total Male Juvenile group, under 12 years old Male Juvenile grout, over 13 years old Male Juvenile group, total Female Juvenile group, under 12 years old Female Juvenile group and over 13 years old Female Juvenile group. 2. Results 1) In Total Male Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in APQ and Octave segment. Taeumin's Center freq.(3) was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soeumin's Center freq.(5) was significantly high compared with Soyangin and Taeumin groups. Taeumin's Octave3 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Soeumin's Octave6 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Solyangin's D# Tot E was significantly high compared with Taeumin group. 2) In Under 12 years old Male Juvenile group, there were on significantly among constitutional groups in Pitch, APQ, Octave and Energy segment. Taeumin's Octave3 Shimmer and G Shimmer(1) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 3) In Over 13 years old Male Juvenile group, there were no signigicant differences among constitutional groups in Pitch, APQ and Shimmer segment. Soyangin's and Soeumin's Octave6 were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Soyangin's $0k{\sim}2k$ Total Sum, $0k{\sim}2k$ Dev., $2k{\sim}4k$ Total Sum, $2k{\sim}4k$ Dev., A Dev.(1), D# Dev.(1) and G# Dev.(1) were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Soyangin's and Soeumin's G# Tot E were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. 4) In Total Female Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in Pitch and APQ segment. Soeumin's Octave4 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's Octave6 was significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Solyangin's 2k-4k Total Sum and B Tot E were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 5) In Under 12 years old Female Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in APQ and Energy segment. Soeumin's and Taeumin's Center Pitch and Pitch were significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's Center freq.(1) and Center freq.(7) were significantly high compared with Soeumin and Taeeunin groups. Soyangin's and Taeumin's B Shimmer(1) and F# Shimmer(1) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Soeumin's D Shimmer(1) was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Taeumin's and Soeumin's G# Shimmer(1) were significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's and Taeumin's Octave2 were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 6) In Over 13 years old Female Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in Pitch, APQ and Octave segment. Soeumin's Octave4 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's B Dev.(1) and F Dev.(1) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 3. Conclusions In juvenile groups, some sound factors are regarded as useful. PSSC are thought to be the objertive way to diagnose the Consitution and more participants are needed to get more efficiencies using PSSC.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.409-413
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• 1996

한국 연안에서 Paracalanus parvus로 분류되어졌던 종에 대한 분류학적인 재검토를 하였다. 그 결과 한국연안에서 Paracalanus parvus로 분류되어져 왔던 종은 Paracalanus parvus와 Paracalanus indicus, 2종인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 두 종의 형태학적 특징 중 가장 뚜렷한 차이는 제$2\~4$유영지였다. Paracalanuss parvus는 제$2\~4$유영지 외지 세번째 마디절 외연 말단부에 거치가 없으며, 제1기절에는 극침이 있다. P. indicus는 제2, 3유영지의 외지 세번째 마디절 외연 말단부에는 거치가 있으나, 제4유영지에는 없다. 또한, 제1기절에 극침이 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to examine profiles of consumers in Thai seaweed market segments. A total of 321 consumers were surveyed in bangkok, thailand. The multiple regression analysis performed indicates that consumer preference toward seaweed snack is significantly influenced by seaweed consumption frequency. The cluster analysis performed indicates that there are three segments based on consumer purchasing attributes toward seaweed snack : leading type, pursuing type, beginner type. The results show that there are consumer segment with different purchasing attributes level and seaweed preference. in this study Thai seaweed market's biggest consumer is leading type consumer(n=40.8%) that have high level of purchasing attributes toward seaweed snack when compared to other segments. pursuing type segment(n=27.4%) consists of consumers who have low level of purchasing attributes but have high consumption frequency. beginner type segment(n=31.8%) consists of consumers who rarely eat seaweed snack and have high price sensitivity. This study can inform Thai seaweed consumer's behavior and effective segment market strategies and target consumer based on purchasing behavior toward seaweed snack.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1984

Structural differences in various divisions of the rabbit colon were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. For light microscopic study, various Portions of the colon from seven rabbits (2.5 kg body weight) were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Tissues for scanning electron microscopy were fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde and postfixed in 1% $OsO_4$, dehydrated to 100% alcohol, transfered to isoamilacetate and dried by the critical point method. Subsequently, specimens were coated with gold and viewed with a JSM-35C scanning electron microscope. The colon displays a morphological diversity along its proximo-distal axis. Five regions can be discerned based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. 1) The first segment immediately distal to the cecocolical junction possessing three teniae is approximately 5 cm ($4{\sim}6cm$) in length, and displays irregular folds of the mucosa oriented transversely similar to those of the cecum. 2) The second segment possessing three teniae is about 7 cm ($5{\sim}8cm$) in length, and is characterized by the papilla-like protrusions on the mucosal surface. 3) The third segment, possessing a single tenia is about 16 cm ($12{\sim}20cm$) in length, and also displays the papilla-like protrusions similar to the aforegoing segment. 4) Fusus coli, approximately 4 cm ($3{\sim}5cm$) in length, is free of teniae and exhibits longitudinal folds on the mucosal surface. These four portions together constitute the proximal colon. 5) The distal colon reaches a length of about 58 cm ($53{\sim}55cm$) and shows a pattern of surface irregularities with minor ridges on the mucosal folds.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2006

Objective : This study is to evaluate the efficacy of dorsal short-segment fixation in unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures. Methods : The cases of 20 patients who underwent dorsal short-segment fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes were analysed using Sonntag's pain level, work status, and neurological scale according to the modified Frankel classification. Radiological outcomes were analysed using Mumford's anterior body compression[%], canal compromise ratio, and Cobb's kyphotic angle. Results : At the latest clinical follow-up [average=14.6 months]. there were 19 [95.0%] in group I and 1 patient [5.0%] in II in pain level. The postoperative work status were 17 [85.0%] in group I, 2 patients [10.0%] in II, and 1 patient [5.0%] in V. Surgery brought to improve the neurologic status. In success group [19 cases, 95%], the average canal compromise ratio was reduced from 0.57 [${\pm}0.07$] to 0.05 [${\pm}0.08$] [P<005], the average anterior body compression [%] was reduced from 41% [${\pm}17$] to 18% [${\pm}14$] [P<0.05], and the average preoperative kyphotic angle was $20.0^{\circ}$ [${\pm}9.0$], and corrected to $5.7^{\circ}$ [${\pm}7.1$] postoperatively, and progressed to $7.8^{\circ}$ [${\pm}6.2$] at the latest follow-up. There was a case of implantation failure in an elderly osteoporotic patient. Conclusion : Although there are limitations in the patient number and follow-up period, the present study favors dorsal short-segment fixation for selective cases in unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 1999

수분 후 담배의 배에 중이온 ($^{14}$ N) beam을 조사하여 유도한 variegated담배의 잎 조직을 기내배양하여 재생된 식물체의 특성을 조사하였다. NAA 0.1mg/L 와 BAP 1/0mg/L를 첨가한 MS배지에서 variegated담배의 잎을 배양하면 백색부위에서는 백색 식물체만이 유도되었으나 녹색부위에서는 녹색 식물체가 47.2%, 백색 식물체가 37.4%, variegated식물체가 15.4% 유도되었다. 재생된 녹색 식물체는 자가수분한 후대 (F$_1$)에서 녹색 식물체 1,651 개:백색 식물체 54개로 분리되었다. 또한 variegated 잎에서 재생된 녹색 식물체와 정상주를 정역교배 한 결과, 전부 녹색체가 분리되었다. 이 결과는 variegated잎의 표현형 유전은 최소한 모성 유전이 아님을 보여준다. Variegated잎의 녹색부위를 배양하여 재생된 variegated식물체의 잎을 이용하여 DNA gel blot한 결과, 엽록체 유전자인 psbA, rbcL, 165 rDNA, 23S rDNA의 양은 흰색부위 잎에서 정상주인 녹색 잎과 variegated식물체 잎의 녹색부위 보다 많았다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2023

항공전자 시스템의 복잡성이 높아짐에 따라 소프트웨어 컴포넌트의 이식성 및 재사용성이 강조되었다. 본 논문에서는 ARINC 653 요구사항을 만족하는 VxWorks 653 운용 환경에서 FACE(The Future Airborne Capability Environment)표준에 적합한 IOSS(Input Output Service Segment) 및 TSS(Transport Service Segment)에 대한 구조 설계 방안을 설명한다. IOSS 및 TSS는 각각 다른 파티션에서 독립적으로 동작하게 하여 시/공간 분리 및 다른 소프트웨어의 영향성을 최소화 하였고, 이식성 및 재사용성을 높이기 위해 디자인 패턴 중 전략 패턴을 적용하였다. 또한, IOSS는 Distributed IO Service 구조를 적용하여 외부 인터페이스 서비스를 제공하고, 외부 인터페이스 중 FACE를 적용한 장비의 ARINC 664 P7 인터페이스는 TSS에 배치하여 데이터 이동 경로를 최적화 하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1982

We studied this experiment to compare the effects of exercise and other body conditions: i.e., Flack test, cold pressor test and bicycle ergometry on the electrocardiogram. We had sixty healthy college students who were thirty nine men and twenty one women. Their $mean{\pm}SD$ values of physical characteristics were as follows: age; $22.0{\pm}1.4$, weight; men $61.7{\pm}5.6\;kg$, women $46.2{\pm}7.47\;kg$. We observed the changes of P-Q and Q-T interval, R and T amplitude, mean QRS vector, S-T segment deviation, and P and T vector. The result obtained were summarized as follows: P vector was shifted rightward regardless of the type of stress. T vector was shifted var-in each stress but in the bicycle ergometry T vector was shifted leftward. Mean QRS vector was shifted rightward immediately after the bicycle ergometry. Percentage of the occurrence of the depression of S-T segment was 21.7% at the immediately after the submaximal bicycle ergometry in lead II. The elevation of S-T segment was often observed after the mild stresses. Increased amplitude of T wave in the cold pressor test and decreased amplitude of T wave in the bicycle ergometry were observed. In the bicycle ergometry and other stresses, the precise mechanism of S-T segment changes was unexplained but insufficient repolarization in base or apex of the left ventricle due to heart strain was indicated by so called S-T vector analysis.