• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2007

TLR4 together with CD14 and MD-2 forms a pattern recognition receptor that plays an initiating role in the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we employed the surface plasmon resonance technique to investigate the kinetics of binding of LPS to recombinant CD14, MD-2 and TLR4 proteins produced in insect cells. The dissociation constants ($K_D$) of LPS for immobilized CD14 and MD-2 were $8.7{\mu}m$, and $2.3{\mu}m$, respectively. The association rate constant ($K_{on}$) of LPS for MD-2 was $5.61{\times}10^3M^{-1}S^{-1}$, and the dissociation rate constant ($K_{off}$) was $1.28{\times}10^2S^{-1}$, revealing slow association and fast dissociation with an affinity constant $K_D$ of $2.33{\times}10^6M$ at $25^{\circ}C$. These affinities are consistent with the current view that CD14 conveys LPS to the TLR4/MD-2 complex.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Recently, many scan projects are gradually increasing for maintenance, construction. The scan data contains useful data, which can be generated in the target application from the facility, space. However, modeling the scan data required for the application requires a lot of cost. In example, the converting 3D point cloud obtained from scan data into 3D object is a time-consuming task, and the modeling task is still very manual. This research proposes Scan-to-Geometry Mapping Rule Definition (S2G-MD) which maps point cloud data to geometry for irregular building plane objects. The S2G-MD considers user use case variability. The method to define rules for mapping scan to geometry is proposed. This research supports the reverse engineering semi-automatic process for the building planar geometry from the user perspective.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2019

제주 연안에서 분리한 해양유래 미생물 중에서 어류질병 세균에 대한 항균활성이 있는 Bacillus subtilis MD-02를 이용하여 넙치에 적용했을 때 나타나는 비특이적 면역반응과 어류질병세균에 대한 병 저항성을 알아보고자 하였다. B. subtilis MD-02를 $1.2{\times}104CFU/100g$, $1.2{\times}10^6CFU/100g$, $1.2{\times}10^8CFU/100g$의 농도로 사료를 제작하여 넙치에게 급이 한 결과 4주차때 hematocrit이 대조구에 비해 증가하였다. AST와 ALT는 각각 $1.2{\times}10^8CFU/100g$와 $1.2{\times}10^4CFU/100g$에서 대조구에 비해 낮은 값을 보였다. Amylase의 결과 3주차 때부터 $1.2{\times}10^4CFU/100g$에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, total protein의 경우 3주차 때부터 $1.2{\times}10^4CFU/100g$에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 비특이적 면역반응인 라이소자임 활성과 대식세포 활성 결과 $1.2{\times}10^8CFU/100g$에서 대조구에 비해 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 Streptococcus parauberis를 $1.2{\times}10^6CFU/ml$로 넙치에 접종 한 후 폐사율을 확인한 결과 대조구에선 전량 폐사가 일어난 반면 B. subtilis MD-02를 투여한그룹에서는 40-60%의 폐사율을 보여 어류질병세균에 대한 병 저항성을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 제주연안에서 분리한 해양유래 미생물인 Bacillus subtilis MD-02를 넙치에게 급이 할 때 비특이적 면역반응과 어류질병세균에 대한 병 저항성을 가지는 것을 확인하였으며, 향후 사료 첨가제로 개발 시 좋은 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2014

본 연구는 원유로부터 비만 억제 능력이 있는 젖산균을 분리 및 동정하고, 이 균주의 생리적 특성을 규명하여 상업적으로의 이용가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 이를 위해 Modified MRS 분별배지를 사용하여 노란색 집락을 형성하는 균주를 대상으로 각각 Anti-lipase activity와 Anti-adipogenic activity가 우수한 균주를 선발한 결과, MD366 균주가 최종 선발되었다. MD366 균주는 lipase 억제활성 $65.03{\pm}0.94%$, 지방분화억제활성 $27.4{\pm}1.4%$로나타났으며, 동정결과Enterococcus faecalis로 판명되었고, Enterococcus faecalis MD366으로 명명하였다. E. faecalis MD366의 최적 생장 온도는 $37^{\circ}C$ 이었으며, 담즙산과 산성의 pH에서 모두 우수한 생존력을 나타내었다. 효소활성은 전반적으로 낮았으나 acid phosphatase에 대해 비교적 높은 효소 활성을 나타내었다. 항생제 내성 실험 결과 neomycin, kanamycin, vancomycin에 내성이 있는 반면, novobiocin에 감수성을 나타냈으며, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium과 Staphyloccous aureus에 대해 각각 80.4%, 60.2%와 65.4%의 억제 효과를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 1997

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed processing and feeding methods on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 72 pigs (LYD, 22.24 kg BW) were employed for a 90-d feeding trial. Treatments were 1) mash dry feeding (MD), 2) mash wet feeding (MW), 3) pellet dry feeding (PD), and 4) extruded pellet dry feeding (EPD). Corn, soybean meal and wheat bran in the basal diets were extruded before mixing and pelleting for EPD diet production. Ileal or fecal digestibility and carcass traits including lean meat percentage and weights of stomach ulcer were also examined. During the growing period, pigs fed PD showed improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (F/G) over those fed MD, whereas no significant differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) were found among dietary treatments. Finisher pigs fed MD showed lover, but not significant, ADG and F/G than those fed MW, PD or EPD. For the overall period, pigs fed PD grew faster (p < 0.05) than those fed MD or EPD. Feed intake was different between the two feeding methods (MD vs MW), and between the two processed feeds (PD vs EPD). The digestibility of crude fat was higher (p < 0.05) in pigs fed EPD than in pigs fed mash feeds. NFE digestibility of EPD treatment was also higher (p < 0.05) than that of PD. Back fat (10th rib area) was thicker (p < 0.05) tn pigs fed MD than in pigs fed EPD. other carcass traits including incidence of esophagogastric ulcers were not different among treatments. In conclusion, pelleting appeared to bo the desirable processing methods and wet feeding could also be recommended for growing-finishing pigs.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2017

An experiment was conducted to detect aquaculture pond bottom soil nutrients, pH and electrical conductivity with a view to optimize production and to incorporate the scientific method of fish nursing, rearing and culturing at Noakhali district in Bangladesh. The soil samples were collected from the recently dug ponds (1 - 5 years) and older ponds (> 5 years). Samples were taken from five different spots in a Z shape from each pond and were mixed to get a composite sample. The composite samples from the ponds were collected in polyethylene bags and shipped to the laboratory for analysis. The soil samples were analyzed with respect to pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S). The average value of pH, OC, OM, N, P, K and S were $7.43{\pm}0.40$, $2.21{\pm}1.43%$, $1.47{\pm}0.53%$, $2.52{\pm}0.94{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, $0.126{\pm}0.047{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, $3.84{\pm}1.77{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, $0.191{\pm}0.106{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ and $306.72{\pm}222.05{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ respectively, in Noakhali. The average EC, OC, OM, N and P contents were found to be higher in Subornachar than those in Sonapur. On the other hand pH, K and S were found to be higher in Sonapur than the values of Subornachar. The pH, EC, OC, OM, N and S contents were found to be higher in new ponds than old ponds whereas P and K contents were found to be higher in old pond than in new pond.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2012

폐양액을 발생시키지 않는 배액제로형 수경재배기술을 개발하기 위하여 멜론 수경재배 시 표준배액량(배액률 20~40%), 배액최소화(5~10%), 배액제로화(0%) 등으로 배액량을 달리하여 근권환경 변화와 재배기간 동안의 급액량과 배액량, 과실품질 등에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 재배기간 동안 표준배액에서는 함수률 60~70%, EC $1.5{\sim}2.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 수준으로 되어 근권환경이 적정범위로 유지되었다. 배액제로 처리에서는 함수률 30~50%, EC $2{\sim}6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 변화가 심하였으나 과실품질에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 1과중은 표준배액 처리가 1,990g인데 비하여 배액제로 처리는 1,836g으로 다소 가벼웠으나 규격품(1.8~2.0kg) 생산에는 문제가 없었다. 상품과율은 처리 간에 차이가 없었으며 당도는 배액제로처리가 배액최소와 표준배액에 비하여 높았다. 주당 배액량은 표준배액 처리가 27,718mL, 배액최소 처리가 15,769mL, 배액제로 처리가 2,346mL 이었다. 폐양액 발생량은 표준배액 처리가 10a당 $83.2m^3$로 양액공급량의 34.5% 인데 비하여 배액제로 처리는 $7.0m^3$로 나타나 멜론 수경재배에서 배액제로화의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 1993

B. t k HD-1 균주에 0.002% SDS와 0.5$\mu$g/ml EtBr을 처리한 결과, 9개의 cry- 변이균주를 분리하였으며 또한 B. t k HD-1균주와 B. cereus 569균주를 혼합배양하는 방법으로 mating 실험을 수행하여 B. t k HD-1으로부터 일부 plasmid가 전이된 11개의 cry+ B. cereus와 2개의 cry=B. cereus를 분리하고 plasmid수와 분자량을 조사하였다. B. t k HD-1의 경우 9개의 plasmid가 존재하였고 일부 plasmid가 curing된 B. t k HD-1변이균주의 경우 29Md plasmid나 44Md plasmid가 반드시 존재하였으나, cry- 변이균주에는 29Md 이상의 모든 plasmid가 소실되어 내독소 단백질 합성에 관여하는 유전자가 기억된 plamid를 결정하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.367-371
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• 1986

Dynamic and equilibrium properties of n-alkane chains immersed in solvent molecules have been investigated by a molecular dynamics method. The n-alkane chain is assumed to be a chain of elements (CH$_2$) interconnected by bonds having a fixed bond length and bond angle, but each bond of the chain is allowed to execute hindered internal rotation. We studied the effect of the number of the chain elements (N$_c$ = 10, 15 and 20) on the equilibrium properties of the system, e.g., the pair correlation functions between a chain element and solvent molecules, g$_{cs}$(r), and between the chain elements, g$_{cc}$(r), and the configurational properties such as the mean-square end-to-end distance < R$^2$ >, the mean-square radius of gyration < S$^2$ >, and the eigenvalues of the moment-of-inertia tensor < S$_i^2$ > / < S$^2$ > (i = 1, 2 and 3). We also studied the dynamic properties of the system, e.g., the autocorrelation function C(A;t) where A = R$^2$(t), = S$^2$(t), or = ${\vec{V}}(t)({\vec{V}}$ = velocity of the center of mass), and the diffusion coefficient D. The g$_{cs}$(r)'s are almost equal irrespective of the change of Nc while g$_{cc}$(r) becomes larger as N$_c$ increases; The MD computed configurational properties < R$^2$2 > and < S$^2$ > were found to be a little different from the values calculated from the statistical equations of < R$^2$ > and < S$^2$ >, it may be due to the fact that our model for the MD simulations includes a long-range volume effect. From the < S$_i^2$ > / < S$^2$ >, it is found that the chain molecule has a nearly spherical shape irrespective of the variation of N$_c$. For the dynamic properties we found that the C(R$^2$;t) and C(S$^2$;t) of lower N$_c$ decay faster than those of higher N$_c$, while the C($\vec V$;t) of the center of mass in the chain is weakly dependent on the N$_c$. The center of mass diffusion coefficient D$_c$ decreases as N$_c$ increases while the end point diffusion coefficient D$_e$ is nearly equal irrespective of the change of N$_c$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary mushroom powder on blood glucose levels, seam lipid levels, glucose 6-phosphtase (G6Pase), thiobarbituric arid reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione enzymes in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ). Four groups of rats (Sprague-Dawley male rats, 180-200 g) were fed as follows: normal rats were fed a control diet (C), diabetic rats were file a control diet (CD), normal fats were fed a mushroom powder diet (M), and diabetic rals were find mushroom powder diet (MD). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg B.W.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diets for five weeks. Food and water intake was determined every day. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After five weeks, the rats were sacrificed and blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and glutathione enzymes were measured. HDL-cholesterol levels were analyzed and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were calculated by equation. There was body weight loss in the diabetic rats, but the MD group showed less body weight loss than the CD group. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol level of the MD group were lower than those of the CD group (p < 0.05). Also, serum total cholesterol of the M group was lower than that of the C group (p < 0.05). But the serum triglyceride level of the diabetic rats (CD and MD) was higher than that of the normal rats (C and M). However, there was no significant difference between the control diet group and the mushroom diet group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the C group and CD group were higher than that of the M group (p < 0.05), and the MD group was not significantly different. But the serum LDL-cholesterol levels of the M group were lower than those of the C group (p < 0.05). Activity of hepatic microsomal G6Pase significantly increased in the CD and MD, reaching levels higher than those of the C and M groups. Hepateic gutathione S-transferase (GST, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was not significant. But renal GST, GR and GPX activity in the MD group was lower than that of the CD group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary mushroom reduces renal disorders such as oxidation and aging of tissue. In conclusion, dietary mushroom groups reduced blood glucose and cholesterol levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats and renal glutathione enzymes activity was averted in diabetic rats.