• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1999

A case of avian tuberculosis is reported in a 10-year-old female Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata). Numerous multi focal to coalescing, caseo-necrotic granulomas in variable sizes were scattered throughout the major parenchymal organs. Histologically, the granulomas have caseonecrotic and occasionally mineralized centers that are surrounded by macrophages, epithelioid cells and Langerhan's type multinucleated giant cells and then by lymphocytes and a few plasma cells and fibrosis. Ziehl - Neelsen's stain revealed myriads of acid-fast bacterial rods present in the cytoplasms of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.198-201
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• 2019

We report Scutellaria krasevii Kom. & I. Schischk. ex Juz. (subfamily Scutellarioideae, family Lamiaceae) as a new recorded species of Mongolia. This species is morphologically similar to S. galericulata but can be differentiated by the presence of comparatively thick and triangular-cordate leaves having a heteromerously deep-crenate margin, a densely reclinate pubescent stem, and a densely pubescent corolla. A taxonomic description, a key to the genus in Mongolia, habit photographs, and scanning electron photomicrographs of nutlets are provided for species identification. We also present a table for a comparison of the diagnostic characteristics with those of related species. This species grows along the banks of the Unit river, Khutag-Undur soum, Bulgan province, Mongolia, approximately 2,300 km far away from the type locality in Russia.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.86-99
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• 2010

Among Natural monument birds, a total of 11 species and 2,209 individuals were found in Nakdong river estuary from March 2007 to February 2008 including Eurasian Oystereacher (Haematopus ostralegus; No. 326), Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata; No.327), Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus; No.201-1), Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus; No.201-2), Black-faced Spoonbilll (Platalea minor; No.205-1), Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia ; No.205-2), Steller's Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus; No.243-3), White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla ; No.243-4), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus; No.323-6), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus; No.323-8) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides; No.325-1). Among the habitats for migratory birds in Korea, the Nakdong river estuary is the only place where more than 2,000 individuals of Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus) spend winter. Eulsukdo, Myeongji Flat and neighboring tidal flats (Myeonggeummeori, Baikhapdeung, Doyodeung, Jangjado, etc.) are major habitats for natural monument birds such as Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia ), Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus) and Swan Goose(Anser cygnoides). A colony of aquatic plants such as Common Bulrush(Scirpus triqueter) and Common Reed(Phragmites communis) serves as a feeding and resting place for birds in the Anatidae family including ducks, swans and geese. Plans for management and conservation of the habitats and the natural monument birds in Nakdong river estuary are as follows: minimization of water contamination, construction and management of aquatic plants habitats, protection of sandbanks, security of stable habitats, and consistent monitoring.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-120
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• 2005

This study was carried out at Reed Marsh of Sihwa Lake from July 2003 to June 2004. We observed total(sum of maximum population) 5,752 individuals of 70 species including 12 species of ducks, 10 species of egrets, 6 species of wagtails and buntings, 4 species of eagles. The most dominant species was Spotbill Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha - 3,518 individuals, 61.16%), and other species were Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos - 540 individuals, 9.39%), Great Reed-Warbler(Acrocephalus arundinaceus - 217 individuals, 3.77%). Reed Marsh of Sihwa Lake were observed many kinds of protected species such as Great Bittern(Botaurus stellaris), Mandarin Duck(Aix galericulata), Chinese Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter soloensis), Eurasian Sparrow Hawk(Accipiter nisus), Japanese Buzzard(Buteo buteo), Hen Harrier(Circus cyaneus), Eurasian Hobby(Falco subbuteo), and Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus). Since the Reed Marsh of Sihwa Lake arrived many individuals of waterbird, crop damage by the waterbird occurred in the surrounding rice fields. It was an area adjacent to the reed marsh of sihwa lake such as Yoopori and Samhwari Bibongmyoun, Yamokri Maesongmyoun Hwaseong City. Bird of crop damage was ducks openly. The most species was Spot-billed Duck. Crop damage types by the Spot-billed Duck were grazing, used the grain up or lower in quality with step on the rice. Crop damage size was about 560bags of rice during the one month on August 2002. In 2003, After carrying out the various crop damage reduction countermeasures, which measured crop damage size in 2002's crop damage area. It happened about 152bags of rice during the two months from on August to September 2003. Migration routes of Spot-billed Duck were that it was migrated from up the sihwa lake to reed marsh. It took a rest at reed marsh and migrated the surrounding rice fields for the feeding action. In 2002, it was migrated direct from up the sihwa lake to in surrounding rice fields. But as environment of reed marsh was improved better than 2002, it was migrated to reed marsh because of reducing the energy attrition rate. Crop damage reduction countermeasures are get on ears to use explosion machine, searchlight, start-gun and patrol at regular intervals. Which was an effect short term. Indirect method is to make a feeding area of substitution at up the sihwa lake and reed marsh of sihwa lake.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.122-137
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to present the characteristics of tree growth and the status of the ecosystem in Yeongdeok Docheon-ri Docheon forest, which was designated as Natural Monument No. 514. Results showed that most of the soil properties were generally within desirable levels except for some properties. The forest was composed of 503 trees. Major trees included Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, Cornus walteri, Diospyros lotus, Hemiptelea davidii, and Evodia daniellii. In particular, trees such as Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, and Cornus walteri showed D.B.H ranging from 10cm to 70cm. These trees appeared to be major tree species since the beginning of Docheon forest's existence. The wild birds observed from the site were from 18 families, 20 species, and 95 individuals. Also were found 1 mammal species, 1 reptile species, and 1 amphibian species. A dead Aix galericulata (designated Natural Monument No. 327) was found in the forest. The annual tree diameter growth of the sample trees was 2.3mm per year on average. The average age of the overstory trees was approximately 101 years, and the oldest tree was estimated to be 300~400 years old.