• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.831-842
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for activities of dally living (ADL). The Task Self-Efficacy Scale was developed by Roberts(1996) for low-intensity exercise study with older people to predict their performance of ADL. The scale was translated and back translated by bilingual persons, and then was modified to resolve variations in the translations. The Korean version of Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was then administered to 193 elderly people including 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. Face to face interview was used to fill out the structured questionnaire, and each interview took approximately 30 minutes. The subjects for the study were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) of whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or quite active Most subjects(80.2%) had an education level of elementary school or less. The Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL is measured on a 0 to 10 VAS, assessing three areas of ADL : self care activities, household tasks, and motor tasks. The higher the score is, the higher person's confidence in performing ADL. Psychometric testing revealed that the scale was found to be internally consistent, showing a Cronbach's alpha of .97 The scale was significantly correlated with subjects' level of activity and subjective assessment of their health status. Moderate correlation with health-related hardiness scale also supported the validity. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents the three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. The results of the factor analysis led to a three factor solution according to Kaiser's criterion, but the items were not strongly and cleanly loaded for the third factor. This can be explained in that, among the three sub-ADL areas of the self-efficacy scale, the areas of self care activities and household tasks seem to have similar levels of difficulty in performance with not enough differences for the self-efficacy scale to distinguish between the two areas. Therefore, one factor solution was suggested since ADL can be seen as a unit of activities at similar level of difficulty in performance. One factor solution explained 68.1% of variance of the 19-item scale and all items were correlated over .6 with the factor, showing that the selected factor solution fits the model. The results indicated that the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was reliable and valid in producing useful information to evaluate the effects of various interventions toward promoting health and quality of life for elderly people.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2000

This study examined a portfolio scale for the assessment of the writing of 295 kindergarten children. The data were analyzed by Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence(DRS), using qualitative methods. Results showed that the writing portfolio scale for 4-year-olds includes "a word or write a children's name" "picture or word with shape of letters" and "scribbling or zig-zag". The writing portfolio scale for 5- and 6-year-olds includes "invented spelling" "write according to sound" and "omitted letters" "write a good hand". The writing portfolio scale for 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds reflects their writing experience in daily life.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to generate the candidate items for the Adolescent Friendship Social Capital Scale. Both inductive and deductive approaches were used to generate the scale items. Halpern's conceptual map of social capital served as the theoretical basis of this scale, and guided the development of items. Semi-structured interviews with adolescents in Sydney, Melbourne and Beijing generated the initial pool of scale items. Twenty-six items were generated for the Adolescent Friendship Social Capital Scale. The items are organised in four theoretical constructs: Bonding Networks, Bridging Norms, Bridging Sanctions, and Linking Networks. Each item is a short statement followed by a five-point Likert scale anchored by 1= "Strongly disagree" and 5= "Strongly agree". The scale has several advantages over previous measures of adolescent friendship networks and friendship social capital. The scale has a strong and clear theoretical structure, the scale items demonstrate initial construct and content validity, and the format of the scale enables the collection of continuous data. However, in order to ensure the validity and reliability of the scale, another two stages of research need to be conducted in the future: scale development and scale evaluation.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to develop an observation scale for analyzing the responses of child and therapist in child-centered play therapy in terms of item discrimination, validity, and reliability. The observation scale was developed on the basis of child-centered play therapy literature, the author's experience of child-centered play therapy, the observation of video tapes of play therapy session, and discussions with child-centered play therapy experts. The participants in this study were 54 children aged from 4 to 9 years old who have emotional and behavioral problems, and 7 therapists who consult with the children. The reliability of factors, as measured by inter-rater reliability and Cronbach's', ranged from .72 to .77. The results of factor analysis identified 2 factors and 21 items associated with the reponses of the children, and 2 factors and 19 items associated with the responses of the therapists. The significant factors identified were as follows; (1) the child's response style; (2) the child's response content (adaptability, initiation, structuring, flexibility); (3) the therapist's response style, and (4) the therapist's response content (facilitative response, structuring, nonfacilitative response). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the observation scale provides a valid and reliable means of analyzing the responses of child and therapist in child-centered play therapy.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of Muscle Energy Technique(MET) for peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: 60 Patients were divided into two groups. Group A(n=30) received the treatment with existing Korean medicine. Group B(n=30) received the MET with existing Korean medicine. It was performed once a day, five time per a week for three weeks. we analyzed Yanagihara's score and House-Brackmann scale Results: A week after MET treatment, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $7.17{\pm}6.34$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $8.84{\pm}5.22$. (p=0.72). Two weeks after MET, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $12.39{\pm}4.94$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $15.12{\pm}3.20$. (p=0.04). Three weeks after MET, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $17.11{\pm}5.31$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $22.78{\pm}3.67$. (p=0.01). A is $3.87{\pm}1.36$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $3.64{\pm}1.76$. (p=0.63). Two weeks after MET treatment, House-Brackmann Scale average of Group A is $3.20{\pm}0.97$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $3.02{\pm}1.03$. (p=0.05). Three weeks after MET, House-Brackmann Scale average of Group A is $2.84{\pm}1.12$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $2.23{\pm}0.78$. (p=0.04). Conclusion: MET treatment is effective for improve the symptoms of peripheral facial paralysis. Therefore, it will be used to peripheral facial paralysis.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Bell‘s Palsy is a condition that causes the facial muscles to weaken or become paralyzed. It's caused by trauma to the 7th cranial nerve, and is not permanent. The aim of this study is to be convinced of differences between facial electrodermal activities of paralyzed side and those of normal side in acute stage of Bell's Palsy patients Methods: Electrodermal activity (EDA) was performed within 1 week after the onset of facial palsy and facial nerve electromyography (EMG) at 2 weeks after the onset. The recovery of facial nerve function was documented by House and Brackmann grading. All the patients were followed up weekly until recovery or up to 6 weeks. Results: There was significant differences (conductivity A: t=3.319, p=0.002; conductivity C: t=2.699, p=0.010) between facial electrodermal conductivities of paralyzed side and those of normal side in acute stage of Bell's Palsy patients (N=45). And the result showed that logarithmic scale of electrodermal conductivity A value ratio obviousely decreased with logarithmic scale of EMG zygomatic branch amplitude ratio (r=-0.472, p=0.143); logarithmic scale of capacitance B, logarithmic scale of EMG temporal branch amplitude ratio (r=-0.422, p=0.133); logarithmic scale of conductivity C, logarithmic scale of EMG buccal branch amplitude ratio (r=-0.545, p=0.083) (N=12). Conclusion: Electrodermal conductivities increased in paralyzed facial side in acute stage of Bell's Palsy patients.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a "Korean Childcare Teacher's Job Satisfaction Scale"(KCTJSS) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. KCTJSS was 72 items and 6 point Likert scale. Participants consisted of 211 childcare teachers by purposive sampling. Results were as follows: First, Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 40 items composed of 6 factors : The principal's childcare center operation system, working environments and welfare, social recognition, amount of work and time management, relationships with co-workers, relationships with parents. Second, the confirmatory factor analysis supported a 6 factor structure. Third, Criterion-related validity was confirmed by significant correlations of the present scale with Early Childhood Job Satisfaction Survey(Jorde-Bloom, 1989). Fourth, the reliability of factors using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ appeared high, ranging from .83 to .93.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.297-309
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• 2018

Purpose: To develop Pregnancy Risk symptom Perception Scale (PRPS) and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: A preliminary 30-item version of PRPS was developed through literature review, in-depth interview, and Content Validity. Each item was scored on a four-point Likert scale. The preliminary scale was developed based on 301 pregnant women who visited a hospital. Date were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ (0.90 for total item, 0.80 to 0.88 for factors). Results: The PRPS consisted of 27 items. Three factors (physical, environmental, and emotional factors) explained 55% of the total variance. Cronbach's Criterion validity was supported by comparison with the Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire (r=0.34). In reliability test, the reliability coefficient of pregnancy risk symptom perception was high at 0.90. Conclusion: These results suggest that the pregnancy risk symptom perception scale developed in this study comprises items that can assess the level of pregnant women's pregnancy risk symptom perception in Korea. Its validity and reliability were proven. PRPS can be utilized to measure pregnant women's risk symptom perception during pregnancy. PRPS will contribute to the development of systematic prenatal care and effective risk management.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.95-113
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop and validate a scale which could be used to evaluate mathematical interactions of parents with their young children. The subjects comprised 408 mothers of 4-6-year-old children. Means, standard deviation, $x^2$, Cramer's V, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were calculated. First, 49 items were developed through a review of relevant research, parent interviews, confirmation of item adequacy and content validity. These items were then edited down to a final list of 24 items representing 4 factors identified by exploratory factor analysis. Second, this 24-item. 4-factor scale was shown to have adequate construct validity, norm validity, and reliability by confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. In conclusion, the final mathematical interaction scale for young children's parents was composed of 24 items with 4 factors: "interaction regarding numbers and operations, measurements, and patterns", "interaction regarding data collection and result presentation", "interaction with picture books", and "interaction regarding shapes and figures"

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1992년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문 및 초록집; 울산대학교, 울산; 01월 02일 May 1992
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• pp.171-179
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• 1992

본고에서는 그래프를 이용하여 stable law분포의 index, skewness, scale, location 모수들에 대한 추정방법을 제시한다. 먼저, order statistics의 함수인 tail length statistic $K_{t}$ , skewness statistic $K_{s}$ 를 이용하여 index .alpha., scale .betha.를 추정한다. 다음에는, 추정된 .alpha., .betha.를 index로 하여 개발된 그래프들로 부터 scale .sigma., location .mu.추정에 필요한 order statistics의 함수를 결정한다. 몇가지 예를 마지막에 예시한다.