• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.343-343
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• 2001

최근 전자산업과 전파통신산업의 발달에 따라 불요전자파에 의한 전자파장해가 심각한 수 준에 이르게 되었다. 그 결과 국 . 내외 전자파환경은 나날이 악화되고 있으며, 이로 인한 사 회적 문제가 점차 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 대한 대책으로 CISPR(Comite Internationale S Special des Perturbations Radioelectrique), FCC (Federal Communications Commissions) A ANSI(Amercian National Standards Institute) 둥이 주축이 되어 국제 규정이 제정되어 각종 전자기기들에 대해 방사(EMI) 및 내성(EMS)의 규제가 강화되고 있다. 그러나 국제규정이 요구하는(30 MHz - 18 GHz) 주파수 범위에서의 EMIjEMS 측정을 하기 위해 광대역(Broad-band) 전파무향실(Anechoic Chamber)이 필요하지만1 기존의 Ferrite T Tile 또는 그리드형 전파홉수체는 20 dB 이상 전파를 홉수할 수 잇는 주파수 대역이 30 M MHz - 400 MHz 또는 780 MHz에 불과하기 때문에 상기의 조건을 만족하는 전파무향실 을 구성하기에는 곤란한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 국제 규격을 만족하는 전파무향실을 위한 광대역 전파홉수체를 개발하기 위해, 다충형으로 구성하고, 전파흡수체의 형상을 변화시켜 등가재료정수법을 사용하여 설계하고 그 특성을 평가함을 그 목적으로 하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 본 연구실에서 기폰에 제안한바 있는, 금속판 위에 타일형 페라이 트 충, 그 위에 원추절단형 페라이트 층과 원통형 페라이트 층을 적층시칸 형상의 전파홉수 체는 30 MHz - 6 GHz 정도까지 커버할 수 있으나, 1 GHz 부근의 주파수 대에서 16 dB 정도의 홉수능 밖에 가지지 못하였다. 이를 개선하기 위해, 금속판 위에 타일형 페라이트 층 을 형성하고 그 위에 원통형 페라이트 충, 원추절단형 페라이트 충I 원통형 페라이트 충, 타 원형 페라이트 충을 형성한 새로운 형태의 전파홉수체를 제안하였다. 본 논문에 제안한 새로운 형태의 전파흡수체의 시물레이션 결과 30 MHz - 20 GHz의 주파수 범위에서 전반적으로 25 dB이상의 전파흡수능을 가짐을 확인하였으며/ 특히 기폰에 제안한 전파홉수체와 비교하면,1GHz 부끈에서의 전파홉수능을 10 dB 이상 개선하였다. 나아가서/ 실재로 제작한 전파흡수체의 측정된 주파수특성이 시율레이션에 의한 이론치와 3 30 MHz - 6 GHz의 범위에서 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 또한y 전파 홉수체의 전체 높이는 2 27 mm 밖에 되지 않으므로 본 연구에서 제안한 전파 홉수체를 사용할 경우 전파무향실의 유 효공간 확보에 매우 유리한 이점을 가진다

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 1995

It is well known that the addition of CaO-SiO$_2$to Mn-Zn ferrites forms an insulating grain bounary layer with high electrical resistivity. This study investigated the effect of Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ on the electromagnetic properties of high frequency low loss Mn-Zn ferrites. The addition of 300ppm Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ developed an exaggerated grain growth while the addition of CaO-SiO$_2$addition with 200ppm Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ more effectively increased the density than that without Nb$_2$O$_{5}$. The addition of Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ showed the lower power loss below 100 ppm SiO$_2$and the Nb$_2$O$_{5}$-CaO addition lowered the power loss at higher sintering temperature.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to investigate the influence of Ni ions on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of nickel-ferrites ($Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$). Spinel $Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ ($x{\leq}0.96$) samples were prepared as polycrystalline thin films on $Al_2O_3$ (0001) substrates, using a sol-gel method. XRD patterns of the nickel-ferrites indicate that as the Ni composition increases (x > 0.3), a structural phase transition takes place from cubic to tetragonal lattice. The XPS results imply that the Ni ions in $Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ substitute for the octahedral sites of the spinel lattice, mostly with the ionic valence of +2. The minority-spin d-electrons of the $Ni^{2+}$ ions are mainly distributed below the Fermi level ($E_F$), at around 3 eV; while those of the $Fe^{2+}$ ions are distributed closer to $E_F$ (~1 eV below $E_F$). The magnetic hysteresis curves of the $Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ films measured by VSM show that as x increases, the saturation magnetization ($M_s$) linearly decreases. The decreasing trend is primarily attributable to the decrease in net spin magnetic moment, by the $Ni^{2+}$ ($2{\mu}_B$) substitution for octahedral $Fe^{2+}$ ($4{\mu}_B$) site.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.147-150
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• 2011

Since their discovery in the early 1980's, the market for bonded rare earth magnets has shown steady growth. Today these magnets are widely used for our daily life such as computer peripherals, automotive, consumer electronics, and office automation. However, the price increases of rare-earths started from the $2^{nd}$ half of 2010 became even worse in 2011. During $2^{nd}$ quarter of 2011, almost all of rare-earths showed unprecedented vertical price increases, and it brought significant impact to the related industry in terms of the price and supply. This will ask the fundamental change in the policy of the bonded rare earth industry to expand its market share, which has been highly dependent on the replacement of ferrite magnets via relatively higher performance compared to the price at certain applications. In order to achieve the sustainable growth of bonded rare-earth magnets in the future, it needs to change the current paradigm and setup the new business model. This article includes a brief summary of the rare earth price trend and the applications of the rare-earth bonded magnets. The efforts to improve the performance and diversify the applications for future growth have been also presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.34-34
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• 1997

The effect of alloying mode and porosity on the axial tension-tension fatigue behavior of a P/M steel of nominal composition Fe-4w/o Ni-1.5w/o Cu-O.5w/o Mo-O.5w/o C has been evaluated. Alloying modes utilized were elemental powder mixing, partial alloying(distaloy) and prealloying by water atomization; in each case the carbon was introduced as graphite prior to sintering. Powder compacts were sintered($1120{\circ}C$/30 min.) in 7Sv/o $H_2$/25v/o $N_2$ to densities in the range 6.77-7.2 g/$cm^3$. The dependence of fatigue limit response on alloying mode and porosity was interpreted in terms of the constituent phases and the pore and fracture morphologies associated with the three alloying modes. For the same nominal composition, the three alloying modes resulted in different sintered microstructures. In the elemental mix alloy and the distaloy, the major constituent was coarse and fine pearlite, with regions of Ni-rich ferrite, Ni-rich martensite and Ni-rich areas. In contrast, the prealloy consisted primarily of martensite by with some Ni-rich areas. From an examination of the fracture surfaces following fatigue testing it was concluded that essentially all of the fracture surfaces exhibited dimpled rupture, characteristic of tensile overload. Thus, the extent of growth of any fatigue cracks prior to overload was small. The stress amplitude for the three alloying modes at 2x$l0^6$ was used for the comparison of fatigue strengths. For load cycles <3x$l0^5$, the prealloy exhibited optimum fatigue response followed by the distaloy and elemental mix alloy, respectively. At load cycles >2x$l0^6$, similar fatigue limits were exhibited by the three alloys. It was concluded that fatigue cracks propagate primarily through pores, rather than through the constituent phases of the microstructure. A decrease in pore SIze improved the S-N behavior of the sintered steel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 1981

A doppler log is the typical device which can measure the ship's speed over the ground directly, by means of doppler effect of the underwater ultrasonic wave, which involves the error due to the sea bottom inclination, the trim and the incorrect transducer installation etc. The present doppler log adopts a single transducer, faced in the direction of themain beam, and therefore it is unable to correct the beam direction to eliminate the above mentioned error. Moreover, the frequencyis also limitted in a comparatively high range for getting a sharp beam with single transducer, and the speed over the ground can not be detectable at the deep sea, for an instance, over 200 meters. This paper describes a theoretical consideration for the doppler log error and an analysis by a computer on the observed speed data by a full size model ship. The result is verified that the most of doppler log error is caused by the ultrasonic beam angle of transducer. To eliminate the doppler log error due to the incorrect transducer installation and also to sharpen the beam for lower frequency range to expand measurable sea depth, this paper proposes a method of controlling the directivity adopting a linear transducer array and of controlling the directivity by the control of exciting current, and investigates by the computer simulation and make experiment with magnetostrictive ferrite transducer of 28, 50 and 75KHz. The experimental results are shown well coincide with the measured ones, and they are revealed that in case where the transducer interval is greater than 1 wavelength, the effective control of the beam direction is hardly performed with keeping adequate beam width and side lobe level. It is concluded that 6-elements array with inter element space of a half wavelength can make comparatively sharp beam and low side lobe level. The results obtained here will contribute very much to the improvement of the performance of doppler log.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.293-299
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• 2009

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Dual Phase (DP), Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), and Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) steels were investigated in order to define the strengthening mechanism of 0.2 C steel. An intercritical annealing between Ac1 and Ac3 was conducted to produce DP and TRIP steel, followed by quenching the DP and TRIP steel being quenched at to room temperature and by the TRIP steel being austemperingaustempered-air cooling cooled the steel toat room temperature, respectively. The Q&P steel was produced from full austenization, followed by quenching to the temperature between $M_s$ and $M_f$, and then enriching the carbon to stabilize the austenite throughout the heat treatment. For the DP and TRIP steels, as the intercritical annealing temperature increased, the tensile strength increased and the elongation decreased. The strength variation was due to the amount of hard phases, i.e., martensite and bainite, respectively in the DP and TRIP steels. It was also found that the elongation also decreased with the amount of soft ferrite in the DP and TRIP steels and with the amount of the that was retained in the austenite phasein the TRIP steel, respectively for the DP and TRIP steels. For the Q&P steel, as the partitioning time increased, the elongation and the tensile strength increased slightly. This was due to the stabilized austenite that was enriched with carbon, even when the amount of retained austenite decreased as the partitioning time increased from 30 seconds to 100 seconds.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2005

Although heat treatment is a process of great technological importance in order to obtain desired mechanical properties such as hardness, the process was required a tedious and expensive experimentation to specify the process parameters. Consequently, the availability of reliable and efficient numerical simulation program would enable easy specification of process parameters to achieve desired microstructure and mechanical properties without defects like crack and distortion. In present work, the developed numerical simulation program could predict distributions of microstructure and thermal stress in steels under different cooling conditions. The computer program is based on the finite difference method for temperature analysis and microstructural changes and the finite element method for thermal stress analysis. Multi-phase decomposition model was used for description of diffusional austenite decompositions in low alloy steels during cooling after austenitization. The model predicts the progress of ferrite, pearlite, and bainite transformations simultaneously during quenching and estimates the amount of martensite also by using Koistinen and Marburger equation. To verify the developed program, the calculated results are compared with experimental ones of casting product. Based on these results, newly designed heat treatment process is proposed and it was proved to be effective for industry.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.3441-3449
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• 2023

We determined the radiation shielding properties for 10CaO-xPbO-(90-x) deteriorated silica gel (DSG) glass system (x = 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 mol.%). The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) has been estimated at photon energies of 74.23, 97.12, 122, 662, 1173, and 1332 keV using a narrow beam X-ray attenuation and transmission experiment, the XCOM program, and a PHITS simulation. The obtained MAC values were applied to estimate the half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number, and effective electron density. Results show that the MAC value of the studied glasses ranges between 0.0549 and 1.4415 cm²/g, increases with the amount of PbO, and decreases with increasing photon energy. The HVL and MFP values decrease with increasing PbO content and increase with increasing photon energy. The recycled glass, with the addition of PbO content (20-45 mol.%), exhibited excellent radiation shielding capabilities compared to standard barite and ferrite concretes and some glass systems. Moreover, the experimental radiation shielding parameters agree with the XCOM and PHITS values. This study suggests that this new waste-recycled glass is an effective and cost-saving candidate for X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2024

The low-temperature deposition of BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ thin films with a Ba hexaferrite structure for electromagnetic shielding was studied. The BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ thin films produced through the spin spray process were suitable for thin film deposition on a flexible substrate because it crystallized well at low temperature below 90℃. The change in shielding characteristics depending on the Co content of the BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ thin film was investigated, and excellent shielding characteristics with S21 of -1 dB were obtained in a wide frequency range of 26~40 GHz when the Co content was 0.4 or more. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in shielding properties caused by change in Co content in relation to phase changes in BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ and obtain basic data for developing excellent flexible electromagnetic wave shielding materials.