• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.469-473
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• 2009

Recently, eco-friendly processing has been focused in the textile industry in order to reduce environmental pollutions. Applications of enzyme technology to the textile industry are an example of more environmentally compatible processes. However, there is not enough quantity of referring to denim fabric subjected to enzymatic treatment. In this study, depending on pH, temperature, cellulase concentration, and treatment time, the weight loss of denim fabrics was examined. Characteristics of enzyme-treated fabrics were measured by tearing strength, stiffness, and K/S values. The effect of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) on characteristics of the enzyme-treated fabrics was evaluated. The cellulase treatment condition on the cotton fabric were optimized to pH 6.0, $50^{\circ}C$, 1%(o.w.f.), and 60minutes. Characteristics of denim fabrics by cellulase treatment in the presence of Triton X-100 did not improve because Triton-X inhibited the activity of enzyme.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 1996

This study was performed to demonstrate the method of image reformation for dental implants, using a personal computer with inexpensive softwares and to compare the images reformatted using the above method with those using Dentascan software. CT axial slices of 4 mandibles of 4 volunteers from GE Highspeed Advantage(GE Medical systems, U.S.A.) were used. personal computer used for image reformation was PowerWave 604/120 (Power computing Co, U.S.A. ) and softwares used were Osiris (Univ. Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland) and ImportACLESS Vl.1 (Designed Access Co., U.S.A.) for importing CT images and NIH image 1.58 (NIH, U.S.A.) for image processing. Seven image were selected among the serial reconstructed cross-sectional images produced by Dentascan. Seven resliced cross-sectional images at the same position were obtained at the personal computer. Regression analysis of the measurements of PC group was done against those of DS group. Measurements of the bone height and width at the reformer cross-sectional images using Mac-compatible computer was highly correlated with those using workstation with Dentascan software(height : r2= 0.999, p<0.001, width : r2= 0.993, p <0.001). So, it is considered that we can use a personal computer with inexpensive software for the dental implant planning, instead of the expensive software and workstation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.621-627
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• 2008

Aerodynamic data measured in a wind tunnel has inevitable errors due to the presence of the wind tunnel walls. These unwanted interference effects must be corrected for the wall interference free aerodynamic data. Streamline curvature effects are caused by straightening of streamlines due to wind tunnel walls. Classical Glauert's correction method that is a standard method for fixed wing aircraft is not suitable for rotary wing aircraft. In this paper, Heyson's correction method of which wake model is compatible with rotors is used to correct the rotor shaft angle as well as the dynamic pressure. The results of Heyson's method are compared with Glauert's correction method.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.505-523
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• 2018

Static pushover analyses of typical existing reinforced concrete frames, designed according to the previous generations of design codes in Greece, have established these structures' inelastic characteristics, namely overstrength, global ductility capacity and available behaviour factor q, under planar response. These were compared with the corresponding demands at the collapse limit state target performance point. The building stock considered accounted for the typical variability, among different generations of constructed buildings in Greece, in the form, the seismic design code in effect and the material characteristics. These static pushover analyses are extended, in the present study, in the time history domain. Consequently, the static analysis predictions are compared with Incremental Dynamic Analysis results herein, using a large number of spectrum compatible recorded base excitations of recent destructive earthquakes in Greece and abroad, following, for comparison, similar conventional limiting failure criteria as before. It is shown that the buildings constructed in the 70s exhibit the least desirable behaviour, followed by the buildings constructed in the 60s. As the seismic codes evolved, there is a notable improvement for buildings of the 80s, when the seismic code introduced end member confinement and the requirement for a joint capacity criterion. Finally, buildings of the 90s, designed to modern codes exhibit an exceptionally good performance, as expected by the compliance of this code to currently enforced seismic provisions worldwide.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.579-592
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• 1994

A case study is presented where a fluvial system is modeled in three dimensions and compared to data gathered from a study of the Arkansas River. The data is unique in that it documents changes that affected a straight channel that was excavated within the river by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Excavation plan maps and sequential aerial photographs show that the channel underwent massive deposition and channel migration as it returned to a more natural, meandering path. These records illustrate that stability of fluvial system can be disrupted either by catastrophic events such as floods or by subtle events such as the altering of a stream's equilibrium base level or sediment load. SEDSIM, Stanford's Sedimentary Basin Simulation Model, is modified and used to model the Arkansas River and the geologic processes that changed in response to changing hydraulic and geologic parameters resulting from the excavation of the channel. Geologic parameters such as fluid and sediment discharge, velocity, transport capacity, and sediment load are input into the model. These parameters regulate the frequency distribution and sizes of sediment grains that are eroded, transported and deposited. The experiments compare favorably with field data, recreating similar patterns of fluid flow and sedimentation. Therefore, simulations provide insight for understanding and spatial distribution of sediment bodies in fluvial deposits and the internal sedimentary structure of fluvial reservoirs. These techniques of graphic simulation can be contributed to support the development of the new design criteria compatible with natural stream processes, espacially drainage problem to minimize environmental disruption.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2024

Purpose: Infection by the intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has serious clinical consequences in humans and veterinarians around the world. Although about a third of the world's population is infected with T. gondii, there is still no effective vaccine against this disease. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a multimeric vaccine against T. gondii using the proteins calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK)1, CDPK2, CDPK3, and CDPK5. Materials and Methods: Top-ranked major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II binding as well as shared, immunodominant linear B-cell epitopes were predicted and linked using appropriate linkers. Moreover, the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 (adjuvant) was mixed with the construct's N-terminal to increase the immunogenicity. Then, the vaccine's physicochemical characteristics, antigenicity, allergenicity, secondary and tertiary structure were predicted. Results: The finally-engineered chimeric vaccine had a length of 680 amino acids with a molecular weight of 74.66 kDa. Analyses of immunogenicity, allergenicity, and multiple physiochemical parameters indicated that the constructed vaccine candidate was soluble, non-allergenic, and immunogenic, making it compatible with humans and hence, a potentially viable and safe vaccine candidate against T. gondii parasite. Conclusion: In silico, the vaccine construct was able to trigger primary immune responses. However, further laboratory studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.482-488
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• 2005

Oxidant stress is well-known for a pivotal parameter related to neuro-inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease). In order to effectively screen for anti-inflammatory agents, we first established the infrastructure of high throughput screening for anti-oxidant agents from medicinal insect library extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. By the screening system, we found that Tenodera angustipennis Saussure, Pyrocoela rupa Olivier and Papilio maackii Mntris had strong anti-oxidant activity. Moreover, Tenodera angustipennis Saussure and Tenodera aridifolia (Stoll) exhibited protection effects of cellular damage by treatment of an oxidant hydrogen peroxide. Together, the results suggest that some selected hits could be a potential agent against neuro-inflammation, although the in vivo studies should be clearly tested.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.399-412
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• 2011

This study compares the performance of two smart isolation systems that utilize superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) for seismic protection of bridges using energy balance concepts. The first isolation system is a SMA/rubber-based isolation system (SRB-IS) and consists of a laminated rubber bearing that decouples the superstructure from the bridge piers and a SMA device that provides additional energy dissipation and re-centering capacity. The second isolation system, named as superelastic-friction base isolator (S-FBI), combines the superelastic SMAs with a flat steel-Teflon bearing rather than a laminated rubber bearing. Seismic energy equations of a bridge structure with SMA-based isolation systems are established by absolute and relative energy balance formulations. Nonlinear time history analyses are performed in order to assess the effectiveness of the isolation systems and to compare their performance. The program RSPMatch 2005 is employed to generate spectrum compatible ground motions that are used in time history analyses of the isolated bridge. Results indicate that SRB-IS produces higher seismic input energy, recoverable energy and base shears as compared to the S-FBI system. Also, it is shown that combining superelastic SMAs with a sliding bearing rather than rubber bearing significantly reduce the amount of the required SMA material.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.6 s.360
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

This paper presents the design and the implementation of input/output (I/O) interface circuits for 2.5 Gbps operation in a 3.3V 0.35um CMOS technology. Due to the differential transmission technique and low voltage swing, LVDS(low-voltage differential signaling) has been widely used for high speed transmission with low power consumption. This interface circuit is fully compatible with the LVDS standard. The LVDS proposed in this paper utilizes a telescopic amplifier. This circuit is operated up to 2.3 Gbps. The circuit has a power consumption of 25. 5mW. This circuit is designed with Samsung $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The validity and effectiveness are verified through the HSPICE simulation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.188-193
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• 1999

Technology of GIS evolved as a means of assembling and analyzing diverse spatial data. Many systems have been developed, and almost of systems are proprietary. There is a lots of lack of interoperability and reusability between them. This paper describes the development of Open GIS component software. The developing system have an end in view of GIS tool software which is interoperable and reusable. To increase the interoperability and reusability, the system is based on the OGC(Open GIS Consortium)'s Open GIS Simple Features Specification for OLE/COM. The OGC's specification is announced to increasing the full interoperability of various geospatial data and geoprocessing resources. With the Open specification, component based software ensures the reusability. We implement three kinds of component: Geometry component, Spatial Reference System Component, and MapBase Component. The first two components are compatible to the OGC's specification and the third one is designed to GIS tool software for variant GIS applications. The Open GIS component software system is developed on object-oriented computing environment, ATL/COM and Visual C++. As we made application programs using Visual Basic, the advantages of component based Open GIS software was proved.