• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2006

This study was done to investigate the protective effect of novel 9-amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroacridine derivatives on the hepatoprotective effect intoxicated rats induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). A series of currently derivatives of 9-amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroacridine have been prepared through the alkly substitution or the ring expansion for the treatment of the Alzheimer's disease. The activities of aminotransferase (aspartate and alanine) and contents of alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and glutathione S-transferase in 9-amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroacridine derivatives pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the only carbon tetrachloride treated rats but the contents of cholesterol were increased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. The result indicated that 9-amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroacridine derivatives showed hepatoprotective effect in $CCl_4$ treated rats.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2020

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to screen bacterial isolates to efficiently prevent the occurrence of rice blast. A total of 232 bacterial isolates were extracted from nonrhizospheric rice soil and were screened for antifungal activity against M. oryzae using a leaf segment assay. Strains S170 and S9 showed significant antagonistic activity against M. oryzae in vitro and in leaf disk assays, and controlled M. oryzae infection under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that strains S170 and S9 could effectively control rice leaf blast and panicle neck blast after five spray treatments in field. This suggested that the bacterial strains S170 and S9 were valuable and promising for the biocontrol of rice disease caused by M. oryzae. Based on 16S rDNA, and gyrA and gyrB gene sequence analyses, S170 and S9 were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. pumilus, respectively. The research also demonstrated that B. amyloliquefaciens S170 and B. pumilus S9 could colonize rice plants to prevent pathogenic infection and evidently suppressed plant disease caused by 11 other plant pathogenic fungi. This is the first study to demonstrate that B. amyloliquefaciens and B. pumilus isolated from nonrhizospheric rice soil are capable of recolonizing internal rice stem tissues.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2020

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is well known for its role in allergic inflammation. For cancer, both pro- and anti-tumor effects of IL-9 were controversially reported, but the impact of IL-9 on tumor metastasis has not yet been clarified. In this study, IL-9 was expressed as a secretory form (sIL-9) and a membrane-bound form (mbIL-9) on B16F10 melanoma cells. The mbIL-9 was engineered as a chimeric protein with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region of TNF-α. The effect of either mbIL-9 or sIL-9 expressing cells were analyzed on the metastasis capability of the cancer cells. After three weeks of tumor implantation into C57BL/6 mice through the tail vein, the number of tumor modules in lungs injected with IL-9 expressing B16F10 was 5-fold less than that of control groups. The percentages of CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, and M1 macrophages considerably increased in the lungs of the mice injected with IL-9 expressing cells. Among them, the M1 macrophage subset was the most significantly enhanced. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages, which were stimulated with either sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing transfectant, exerted higher anti-tumor cytotoxicity compared with that of the mock control. The IL-9-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were highly polarized to M1 phenotype. Stimulation of RAW264.7 macrophages with sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing cells also significantly increased the cytotoxicity of those macrophages against wild-type B16F10 cells. These results clearly demonstrate that IL-9 can induce an anti-metastasis effect by enhancing the polarization and proliferation of M1 macrophages.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Salmonella spp. 11 strains에 대해 저온 열처리(50℃) 3, 6, 9분 후 MIC값을 측정하여 항생제 내성을 알아보았다. Chloramphenicol에 대해 대조군과 열처리한 strains 대부분에서 감수성(S)이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 열처리한 strains의 MIC값은 대조군과 비교하였을 때 유지되거나 감소하였다. Ciprofloxacin에 대해 대조군과 열처리한 strains는 대부분 감수성(S)이 있거나 중간(I)을 나타냈다. Tetracycline은 모든 strains에서 감수성(S)이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, S. Gaminara BAA 711에 대해 열처리 후 MIC값이 증가하였다. Gentamicin에 대해 대조군 strains들에서 감수성을 나타낸 strains가 3 strains, 중간을 나타낸 strains 2 strains, 내성을 가진 strains가 6 strains였으며, 이 중 S. Heidelberg ATCC 8326는 MIC값을 측정했을 때 대조군에서 MIC값이 8 ㎍/mL로 MIC break point가 중간이었으나, 3분과 9분 열처리 후 MIC값이 16 ㎍/mL로 증가하여 break point가 내성을 나타냈다. 본 실험결과 Salmonella spp. 11 strains에 대해서 저온 열처리 후 열내성 효과에 의한 항생제 내성을 알아봤을 때 ciprofloxacin에서 S. Montevideo BAA 710을 3, 6분 열처리한 경우, gentamicin에서 S. Enteritidis 109 D1을 3분 처리한 경우와 S. Heidelberg ATCC 8326을 3, 9분 처리한 경우, tetracycline에서 S. Gaminara BAA 711을 6, 9분 처리한 경우 MIC값이 증가하였다. 후속 연구를 통해 Salmonella spp. strains에 대해 열처리 후 열내성 효과를 나타내는 병원성 유전자의 특성에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.823-830
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• 1999

배양 CHO cell에 SCE법을 이용하여 실제로 음용하는 조건에서 추출한 시판 감잎차, 녹차, 우롱차 추출물의 돌연변이 억제효과를 보기 위하여 실험하였다. 돌연변이 물질로 사용한 MMC에 의하여 유발된 SCE 빈도에 미치는 각 차 추출물의 돌연변이 억제 효과를 본 결과, 감잎차는 MMC 처리 후 S9 mix와 함께 고농도$(1000\;{\mu}g/mL)$로 세포에 처리되었을 때 SCE 빈도를 유의하게 감소시켰다. S9 mix 없이 감잎차 추출물만을 후처리한 경우는 저농도$(20{\sim}80\;{\mu}g/mL)$에서 SCE 유발빈도를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 우롱차는 MMC처리 후 S9 mix와 함께 저농도$(10{\sim}20\;{\mu}g/mL)$로 처리 시 SCE 유발빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었으며, 녹차는 MMC 처리 후 S9 mix와 함께 추출물 농도 $160\;{\mu}g/mL$로 처리 시 SCE 유발빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었다. 감잎차, 녹차, 우롱차 모두 농도는 다르나 각 추출물을 S9 mix와 함께 세포분열 주기 중 G1기에 후 처리 되었을 때에 SCE 빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었으며, 감잎차는 S9 mix 없이 단독으로 후처리 되었을 때에도 용량 상관성은 없지만 SCE 빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었다. 결론적으로, 시판 감잎차, 녹차, 우롱차 추출물에는 MMC로 유발된 돌연변이를 억제시키는 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 감잎차의 경우 S9 mix 없이도 SCE 빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었던 것으로 보아 다른 두 차와는 다른 기전의 돌연변이 억제 작용을 하는 성분이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2014

The aims of this paper are to characterize the transient overvoltages(TOVs) and to evaluate the risk occurring at 22.9kV consumer's substation. The measurements of lightning- and switching-caused TOVs were made during Mar. 2013 and Feb. 2014. As a consequence, 47 events of TOVs were recorded and 4 of them were higher than the input voltage envelope(IVE) of the information technology industry council(ITI) curve. The measured TOVs are characterized by longer front times and longer durations compared to the $1.2/50{\mu}s$ standard impulse voltage waveform, and some of them represent bipolar waves with lower oscillation frequencies. It suggests that the test of non-standard impulse voltage waveforms is needed for effective risk assessments of power apparatus. Lightning- and switching-caused TOVs exceeding IVE of ITI curve are induced at the secondary of 22.9kV potential transformer(PT). We may, therefore, conclude that the surge protection devices should be applied at the secondary of PT and the surge absorbers should be installed at the primary of VCB or PT. The results presented in this paper could be useful to design the reasonable insulation coordination for 22.9kV consumer's substation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권9호
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• pp.759-764
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• 2013

$q{\equiv}5$ (mod 8)의 경우에 유한체 $F_q$상에서 Atkin의 제곱근 알고리즘과 $q{\equiv}9$ (mod 16)의 경우에 Kong의 알고리즘으로부터 일반적인 제곱근 알고리즘을 제안한다. 우리의 알고리즘은 s가 $2^s|q-1$을 만족하는 가장 큰 양의 정수라 할 때, $2^s$차 원시근 ${\xi}$를 미리 계산하였고 s의 값이 작을 때 적용가능하다. 제시한 알고리즘은 제곱근을 계산하기 위해 한 번의 지수계산이 필요하고, Akin, M$\ddot{u}$ller, Kong의 알고리즘과 비교해보아도 유리하다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2016

We studied the ectosymbionts associating with the sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea at Kosrae, Micronesia. Ectosymbionts of seven species associated with 60.7% of S. gigantea (n=28), with a mean of 2.4 per anemone and 3.9 per occupied anemone. Anemones hosting one or more ectosymbionts did not differ significantly in size from anemones lacking ectosymbionts and there was no significant correlation between anemone size and the number of ectosymbionts. Of 67 ectosymbionts observed, the sea cucumber Stichopus vastus comprised 23.9%, followed by the shrimp Thor amboinensis (20.9%), unidentified hermit crabs (Paguroidea; 20.9%), the cardinalfish Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (20.9%), the shrimp Periclimenes brevicarpalis (9.0%), the sea cucumber Holothuria hilla (3.0%), and an unidentified brachyuran crab (1.5%). This study documents the first records of S. vastus, H. hilla, and O. novemfasciatus associating with S. gigantea, and the first locality records of S. gigantea, T. amboinensis, P. brevicarpalis, and S. vastus for Kosrae. Because humans often harvest S. gigantea for food at Kosrae, we recommend protecting the symbiotic assemblage of S. gigantea by establishing a sustainable system of harvesting.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.548-558
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• 2018

Objective : Diagnosing acute cerebral infarction is crucial in determining prognosis of stroke patients. Although many serologic tests for prompt diagnosis are available, the clinical application of serologic tests is currently limited. We investigated whether $S100{\beta}$, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), D-dimer, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be used as biomarkers for acute cerebral infarction. Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia was induced using the modified intraluminal filament technique. Mice were randomly assigned to 30-minute occlusion (n=10), 60-minute occlusion (n=10), or sham (n=5) groups. Four hours later, neurological deficits were evaluated and blood samples were obtained. Infarction volumes were calculated and plasma $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, D-dimer, and HSP70 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The average infarction volume was $12.32{\pm}2.31mm^3$ and $46.9{\pm}7.43mm^3$ in the 30- and 60-minute groups, respectively. The mean neurological score in the two ischemic groups was $1.6{\pm}0.55$ and $3.2{\pm}0.70$, respectively. $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, and HSP70 expressions significantly increased after 4 hours of ischemia (p=0.001). Furthermore, $S100{\beta}$ and MMP-9 expressions correlated with infarction volumes (p<0.001) and neurological deficits (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in D-dimer expression between groups (p=0.843). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed high sensitivity and specificity for MMP-9, HSP70 (AUC=1), and $S100{\beta}$ (AUC=0.98). Conclusion : $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, and HSP70 can complement current diagnostic tools to assess cerebral infarction, suggesting their use as potential biomarkers for acute cerebral infarction.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2016

The parentage of the horticulturally important pear cultivar 'Niitaka' was confirmed by determining its S-genotypes based on the S-RNase and $PpSFBB^{-{\gamma}}$ genes, and genotyping using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Previous reports suggested that the cultivars 'Amanogawa' and 'Imamuraaki' were the parents of 'Niitaka', although the cultivars 'Chojuro' and 'Shinchu' were also examined as candidate parents, along with two other cultivars. In the present study, the S-genotype of 'Niitaka' was determined to be $S^3S^9$. The $S^9$-RNase of 'Niitaka' was found to be likely inherited from the parent 'Amanogawa' ($S^1S^9$) and the $S^3$-RNase from 'Chojuro' ($S^3S^5$) or 'Shinchu' ($S^3S^5$). Based on the S-genotypes, the cultivar 'Imamuraaki' ($S^1S^6$) had no contribution to the parentage of 'Niitaka' ($S^3S^9$). A total of 67 polymorphic SSR markers were used to further confirm the parentage of 'Niitaka'. Discrepancies were found at several SSR loci between 'Niitaka' and the cultivars 'Imamuraaki' and 'Shinchu', whereas 'Niitaka' inherited alleles from 'Amanogawa' and 'Chojuro' at all SSR loci. Therefore, our findings established that 'Amanogawa' and 'Chojuro' are the parents of pear cultivar 'Niitaka', and not 'Imamuraaki' as previously reported.