• 제목/요약/키워드: S/R Valve

검색결과 123건 처리시간 0.026초

자동차용 블록식 온도감응 팽창밸브의 모델링 (Modelling of an Automotive Block Type Thermostatic Expansion Valve)

  • 원성필
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 2011
  • The objective of this study is to propose two empirical correlations to predict the mass flow rate through an automotive block type thermostatic expansion valve and then to evaluate the correlations. The first correlation is deduced by modifying the basic equation of the orifice meter for the mass flow rate and the second correlation is deduced by using the Buckingham's ${\pi}$ theorem. The first correlation showed very good agreement on the measured data for R134a, given by Monforte. Average relative deviation and standard deviation of it are 2.5% and 1.6%, respectively. The second correlation agreed on the same measured data with a little greater deviations. The two correlations may apply to common expansion valves which have different geometrical sizes of the same shape.

개심수술후의 사망예에 대한 임상적 고찰 (Mortality Analysis of Open Heart Surgery (75 Cases))

  • 김광택
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.167-173
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    • 1980
  • From 1976 through June 1980, 75 patients underwent Open heart operation at Korea University Hospital.Of the 75 patients, 39 were congenital heart cases and 36 were acquired heart disease cases. 39 cases of congenital heart disease were consisting of 16 T.O.F.,4 A.S.D., 10 V.S.D., 3 P.S., 1 P.D.A., 1 V.S.D. + Mi, 1 Truncus arteriosus, 1 Ebstein, 1 D.C.R.V., 1 Single ventricle. Among 36 valvular replacement cases, 18 cases of MVR, 3 cases of AVR, 6 cases of Double valve replacement, and 10 cases of Open Mitral commissurotomy, were performed. Postoperative mortality rate of congenital heart disease was 25.6% and that of acquired heart disease was 8.3%. Overall mortality rate of open heart surgery was 17.3%. Among 16 cases of postoperative death cases, 5 cases of autopsy were performed. Postoperative cause of death of our series were intracranial bleeding, pacemaker failure, low output syndrome, protamine anaphylaxis, bleeding, prosthetic valve embolism, C V A, miliary tuberculosis, hypothermia due to pump failure.

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EFFECT OF OVER-EXPANSION CYCLE IN A SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE USING LATE-CLOSING OF INTAKE VALVE AND ITS THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATION OF THE MECHANISM

  • Shiga, S.;Hirooka, Y.;Miyashita, Y.;Yagi, S.;Machacon, H.T.C.;Karasawa, T.;Nakamura, H.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2001
  • This paper presents further investigation into the effect of over-expansion cycle in a spark-ignition engine. On the basis of the results obtained in previous studies, several combinations of late-closing (LC) of intake valve and expansion ratio were tested using a single-cylinder production engine. A large volume of intake capacity was inserted into the intake manifold to simulate multi-cylinder engines. With the large capacity volume, LC can decrease the pumping loss and then increase the mechanical efficiency. Increasing the expansion ratio from 11 to 23.9 with LC application can produce about 13% improvement of thermal efficiency which was suggested to be caused by the increased cycle efficiency. The decrease of compression ratio from 11 to 5.5 gives little effect on the thermal efficiency if the expansion ratio could be kept constant. Thus, the expansion ratio is revealed to be a determining factor for cycle efficiency, while compression ratio is no more important, which suggests the usefulness of controlling the intake charge with intake valve closure timing. These were successfully explained by simple thermodynamic calculation and thus the mechanism could be verified by the estimation.

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원통형 저장탱크의 음향방출시험 (Acoustic Emission Testing in Cylindrical-Type Storage Tank)

  • 권정락;류근준;이태희;김지윤
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2000
  • 원통형 톨루엔 저장탱크의 구조결함을 조사하기 위하여 음향방출시험을 수행하였다. 원통형 저장탱크는 고장력강으로 제작되었으며, 최근에 저장탱크의 하부 1 및 2단은 전면 보수되었다. 음향방출은 최대설계하중의 $75{\~}84\%$ 레벨영역에서 하중절차에 따라 실시간으로 모니터링 되었다. 시험결과는 순수 음향방출뿐만 아니라 유사 음향방출특성도 보여준다. 밸브잡음으로 판단되는 유사 방출들은 하중과는 무관하게 밸브잠금과정에서 과도적으로 발생되었다. 충수과정에서 발생된 순수 음향방출들은 결함에 기인하며, $75{\~}84\%$의 시험하중영역에서는 성장을 하지 않는 것으로 평가되었다. 이 결함들은 활성센서들을 중심으로 수행된 방사선시험을 통하여 용접균열과 기공인 것으로 밝혀졌다.

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수열원 펌프에서의 R-22 대체냉매의 응축열전달특성에 관한 연구 (Condensing Heat Transfer Charactristics of R-22 Alternative Refrigerants on Water Sources Heat Pump)

  • 김기수
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 1998
  • This paper presents an experimental study on condensing heat transfer characteristics of R-22 alternative refrigerants, R-290 and R-410a on water sources heat pump. The apparatus mainly consisted of vapor pump condenser used to the test section evaporator manual expansion valve and measuring device. Test section constructed a smoothed tube of 10.07 mm ID and 12.7mm OD with a total length 6,300 mm was horizontal double pipe counterflow condenser. The refrigerants R-22, R-290 and R-410a were cooled by a coolant circulated in a surrounding annulus. Experimental range of mass velocities was changed from about 100 to 300 kg/($m^2$.s) and inlet quality 1.0 The credibility of experimental apparatus was 6 percent between heating capacity and cooling capacity added to compressor shaft power. The condensing heat transfer coefficients were increased with increasing mass velocity. However in case of R-290 they were more increasing than those of R-410a and R-22 Comparing the heat transfer coefficient between the experimental data and other's data the Cavallini-Zecchin's data was revealed to more similar prediction of author's experimental results on the average heat transfer coefficients.

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새로운 Duromedics 인공판막 치환의 임상고찰 (The Clinical Experiences of "New Duromedics Valve" Replacement)

  • 강면식;유경종;윤치순;박한기
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제30권10호
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    • pp.979-985
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    • 1997
  • Edwards-Duromedics valve(Mcdel 3160 & 9120) 는 1982년 처음 상품화된 후 disc escape 현상이 발견되어 생산이 중지되었다가 1990년부터 새로이 개발된 Model 3160R & 9120R이 사용되고 있으며, 현재는 구조적인 변화없이 이름만 Enwuns-nUh Bileaflet valveuodel 3200 & 9200)로 바커어 사용되고 있다. 연세대학교 심장혈관 센터에서는 1991년 10월부터 1995년 5월까지 208명에게 New Duromedics 판막치환을 시술하여 이들을 연구대상으로 의무기록의 조사 및 추적조사를 통하여 판막과 관련된 합병증을 연구하였다 연령은 18세에서 70세 사이로 평균 48.2$\pm$11.6세 였으며, 남자가 95명, 여자가 113명이었다. New York Heart Association Functional Class는 수술전 Class II가 45명, III가 131명, IV가 32명이었으며, 추적조사 기간중에는 Class I이 153명, II가 46명, III가 2명이었다. 판막치환은 단일판막 치환이 160례(승모판막:123례, 대동맥판 막:35례, 삼첨판막:2례), 이중판막치환이 48례(승모판막 및 대동맥판막:47례, 승모판막 및 삼첨판막:1례)였다. 동반수술은 좌심방내의 혈전제거술이 22례, 삼첨판막 판막륜 성형술이 33례 및 기타 3례가 있었다 수술후 합병증은 25례(12.2%)에서 발생하였으며 이중 출혈로 인한 재수술이 9례, 창상감염 8례, 신기능 부전 3례,뇌 경색증 2례, 호흡부전 1례,급성 심내막염 1례, 심근경색증 1례였다. 수술사망은 3명에서 발생하여 1.4%의 사망률을 보였으며, 사망원인은 저심박출증 1례, 패혈증 1례, multiorgan failure 1례였다. 추적조사는 99%가 가능하였고, 추적기간은 2개월에서 46개월로서 평균 20.9$\pm$11.7개월이었다. 이 기간중에 5명의 만기사망이 있었 으나 판막과 관련된 사망은 1례였다. 만기사망 원인은 인공판막의 심내막염 1례, 심부전증 1례, 뇌좌상에 의한 뇌출혈 1례, Cushing's syndroms 1례 및 원인을 알 수 없는 예가 1례였다 전체 생존환자에 대한 40개월 생 존률은 95.5%였으며, 승모판막 치환시 95.5%, 대동맥판막 치환시 96.8%,삼첨판막 치환시 100% 및 이중판막 치환시 92.0%였다. 이 기간중 6명(2.9%),에서 만기 합병증이 발생하였는데 상부위장관 출혈 2례, 뇌경색증 2 례, 판막혈전 1례 및 인공판막 심내막염 1례였다. 심내막염 1례는 수술 21개월후에 발생하여 사망하였다. 40 개월 동안 중요 만기 합병증이 발생하지 않을 가능성은 89.9%였다. 대상환자중 판막의 구조적 장애나 심각한 용혈증을 보인 예는 없었으며, 판막과 관련된 재수술도 없었다. 저자들의 New Duromedics 인공판막치환의 경험으로 볼 때 이 판막의 초기제품에서 문제가 되었던 구조적 결함은 발견되지 않았을 뿐만 아니라, 수술성적이나 판막과 관련된 합병증도 다른 판막과 비교하여 우수하 거나 비슷한 것으로 나타났으며, 합병증 중에서 가장 많은 항응고제 사용과 관련된 수술후 합병증을 예방하기 위해서는 적절한 12m의 유지가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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Effects of the electronic expansion valve and variable velocity compressor on the performance of a refrigeration system

  • Lago, Taynara G.S.;Ismail, Kamal A.R.;Nobrega, Claudia R.E.S.;Moura, Luiz F.M.
    • Advances in Energy Research
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2020
  • Energy consumption of air-conditioning and refrigeration systems is responsible for about 25 to 30% of the energy demand especially in hot seasons. This equipment is mostly electricity dependent and their use in principle affects negatively the environment. Enhancing the energy efficiency of the existing equipment is important as one of the measures to reduce environment impacts. This paper reports the results of an experimental study to evaluate the impacts of the use electronic expansion valve and variable velocity compressor on the performance of vapor compression refrigeration system. The experimental rig is composed of two independent circuits one for the vapor compression system and the other is the secondary fluid system. The vapor compression system is composed of a forced air condenser unit, evaporator, hermetic compressor and expansion elements, while the secondary system has a pump for circulating the secondary fluid, and an air conditioning heat exchanger. The manufacturer's data was used to determine the optimal points of operation of the system and consequently tests were done to evaluate the influence of variation of the compressor velocity and the opening of the expansion device on the performance of the refrigeration system. A fuzzy logic model was developed to control the rotational velocity of the compressor and the thermal load. Fuzzy control model was made in LabVIEW software with the objective of improving the system performance, stability and energy saving. The results showed that the use of fuzzy logic as a form of control strategy resulted in a better energy efficiency.

A Study on Energy Saving Algorithm of Pneumatic Regulator with Modified PWM Driven Method

  • Kim, H.S.;Ahn, K.K.;Lee, B.R.;Yun, S.N.
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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    • pp.1339-1342
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    • 2005
  • The development of an accurate and energy saving pneumatic regulator that may be applied to a variety of practical pressure control applications is described in this paper. A novel modified pulse width modulation(MPWM) valve pulsing algorithm allows the pneumatic regulator to become energy saving system. A comparison between the system response of conventional PWM algorithm and that of the modified PWM(MPWM) algorithm shows that the control performance is almost the same, but energy saving is greatly improved by adopting this new MPWM algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated through experiments with various reference trajectories.

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