• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.161-179
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• 2001

Recent patterns of infections with digenetic larval trematodes from fresh-water fish were studied in five locations of the river Taega during the period from October, 1998 to September, 2000, and compared with the data reported previously in the same river. The fish were collected using following techniques ; fishing, throwing a castnet, and using a bait of crushed oil cake in a transparent plastic bowl. Of 19 species of fish examined, eight species of encysted larvae, Clonorchis sinensis, Cyathocotyle orientalis, Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Exorchis oviformis, Metagonimus species, Metacecaria hasegawai, and Metorchs orientalis, and two kinds of undetermined cyst A and C were found. The encysted larvae of Exorchis oviformis were found most frequently from 12 species of fresh-water fish, followed by Metacercaria hasegawai larvae from 9 species, the cyst of Clonorchis sinensis and Cyathocotyle orientalis from 7 species, Centrocestus armatus from 3 species, Clino- stomum complanatum from 2 species, and Metorchis orientalis from 1 species. The infection rates of fish with Clonorchis sinensis larvae were lower than those reported in 1993, whereas their intensity of infection was found lowered in 3 species, Pungtungia herz I, Saurogobio dabry i, and Squalidus jap onicus coreanus. The infection rates and intensity of 6 species of fish with Metagonimus sp ecies larvae were lower than the results in 1993, while the rates in several species of fish with Exorchis oviformis rather higher. The encysted larvae of Cyathocotyle orientalis, Metacercaria hasegawai, and Metorchis orientalis showed variations in infection rates of fish in 1993 and in the present study. However, It was impossible to compare the infection rates for the encysted larvae on the scales, fins and tail as they varied so considerably in both 1993 and 2000 surveys. This study indicate that the rate of infection with digenetic larval trematodes in fresh-water fish was still relatively high in the river Taega, and the metacercarial burden in the fish varies greatly by different fish in 1993.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate results of cervix cytology screening in the community and to determine the risk factors of cervical abnormality. Branch of Daejeon city and Chungnam Province, The Planed Parenthood Federation of Korea had conducted cervical cancer screening of 146,848 married women in Chungnam province from 1995 to 1999. Cervical cancer screening was Pap smear using cytolgic brush swab by trained nurse. Women who had abnormal finding of 1st Pap smear screening were followed re- examination and 2nd close examination. Crude prevalence rate of cytologic abnormalities for 1st screening results was 0.63% in 1995- 1999(1995 0.68%, 1996 0.59%, 1997 0.70%, 1998 0.56%, 1999 0.62%). Crude prevalence rate of above class III for 1st screening results was 0.61%, but crude prevalence rate of above class III for the results of re- examination and 2nd close examination was 2.2/ 1000. The false-positive rate of class III, IV and V for positive findings were defined above class II(cervicitis) results were 52.6%, 26.9% and 19.0%, respectively. And the false- positive rate of class III, IV and V for positive findings were defined above class III(dysplasia) results were 75.3%, 46.2% and 47.6%, respectively. Major predictors of risk factors for abnormal results of cervix screening on the multiple logistic regression were age, educational attainment and living area. The false-positive rate of cervix cytology screening in the community were highest result so cervix cytology screening should be improve for better diagnostic power. And the finding of logistic regression would be understand within the limit of experimental trials on the relationship between cervical disease and risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 1984

Today, elderly people has desperately felt isolation and desolation due to the loss of activity at home and society by the change of social structure and the tendancy of nuclear family. The mutual-relationship between parants and their children is important to solve the problem of eldery people's isolation and desolation. The present study was conducted to investigate the status of mutual-communication by visiting, telephone and letter on 678 parents over 55 years of age and 1,316 their adult children from September 1st to 30th, 1982. It was investigated with questionaire by students. The frequency of communication from children to parents was highest in 25.4% by telephone and 21.6% by visiting, 4 times a month. Correspondence of letter showed only 18.1% in a year. The frequency of communication from parents to children was highest 16.1％ by telephone and 15.6％ by visiting, 4 times a month. Correspondence of letter showed only 11.3％ in a year. Urban parents showed higher frequency than rural parents by visiting and telephone, but lower by letter. The older age group of children showed higher frequency than the younger by visiting and telephone but 3rd decade was highest by letter. The younger age group of parents showed higher frequency than older age group. Mother was showed higher frequency than father by visiting and telephone, but father by letter. Higher education level group showed higher frequency than lower education level group. Merchants and factory workers showed the highest frequency by visiting and telephone, but officials by letter. Upper class group in socio-economic status showed higher frequency than lower class group generally, but lower class group dy letter from parents to children. The group within samedistrict between parents and children showed the highest frequency by visiting and telephone, but the group within long distance by letter.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the level of the Perceived Social Support and Instrument Activities of Daily Living(IADL) of the elderly. The subjects were 239 individuals of 65 years of age and over, living in Taegu city and Kyungpook Province. The data were collected through interviews with questionnaires from July 20 to August 30, 1998, and analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson Correlation, t-test and ANOVA using the SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The mean score of the Perceived Social Support of elderly was 2.37/5. The instrumental support(M=2.52) out of type of the Perceived Social Support was the highest and the self-esteem support(M=2.18) was the lowest. 2. The shopping(M=2.89) out of IADL was the highest and the laundry(M=1.24) was the lowest. 3. The Social Support was significantly related to the IADL. The self-esteem support(r=.58) out of type of the Perceived Social Support was the highest correlation and the instrumental support(r=.32) was the lowest correlation. 4. Of the demographic characteristics of the subjects, age(F=4.61), educational level(F=4.04), living with a spouse(t=3.37), pocket money(F=3.51), satisfaction of pocket money(F=5.21) were significantly resated to the Social Support scores.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2009

Objectives: Cattle slaughterhouse workers are known as the high risk group for the zoonoses. We surveyed the awareness of zoonoses among cattle slaughterhouse workers to suggest direction of education and public relations. Methods: We evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of zoonoses and the process of cattle slaughtering. We designed different questionnaires for the workers involved in slaughtering, the handlers of residual products, the inspectors and their assistants, and the grading testers and their assistants respectively. We visited 73 cattle slaughterhouses and 62 residual products handle houses across the country and conducted a questionnaire survey of the general characteristics and the awareness of zoonoses. The data collected was evaluated using the SPSS 17.0 statistical package. Results: The awareness rate of brucellosis, Q fever and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) were 83.9%, 18.5%, 62.7% among cattle slaughterhouse workers. The awareness rate of zoonoses among the workers involved in slaughtering and the handlers of residual products was lower than other workers. The awareness rate of zoonoses tended to increase as the school career. In the correct awareness rate of the transmission of zoonoses, 'transmission by tick bite', 'person to person' and 'air transmission' were lower than other transmission items. The most common reason why cattle slaughterhouse workers think that it is difficult to prevent zoonoses was the ignorance of how to prevent. Conclusions: An educational program is needed for the cattle slaughterhouse workers on zoonoses especially Q fever. And publicity activities about prevention of infection are needed for high risk groups.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2009

Objectives: Active participation of poultry breeder in surveillance system of Avian Influenza (AI) is very important. Therefore this study was conducted to present basis data for active report of AI that is affected by media's coverage in poultry breeder. Methods: Subjects were 88 persons, 28 who were poultry breeder at epidemic area of AI and 60 who were general person at non-epidemic area. Data were collected by the trained investigator from Jul. 1 to Aug. 31, 2008. Respondents were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. Results: The third-person effect among perceptions of influence in media's report on the AI was higher in breeder (32.1%) than in non-breeder (10.0%). However, Confidence to media report on the AI was lower in breeder than in non-breeder. Intention to report of the AI was 71.4% in breeder respectively, was 90.0% in non-breeder. There was statistically significant lower in breeder than non-breeder. The cause of avoidance of report was 'economic damage' for 87.5%, which acocounted for the majority of cases. Confidence to media report on the AI were positively correlated with concern on the AI and perception on seriousness of the AI, but negatively correlated with the third-person effect. Conclusions: These results showed that intention to report of the AI of breeder was susceptible to influenced by the third person effect and confidence in media's report on the AI. Therefore we should give a special attention to increase active report of poultry breeder during epidemic period of AI which is consideration of reasonable strategy of media's coverage, including mind and emotion state of poultry breeder.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.222-229
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• 2014

Objectives: Pig farmers are known as the high risk group for the zoonoses, but the study for pig farmers to zoonoses has been rare in Korea. So we surveyed the awareness on zoonoses among pig farmers to suggest directions for education. Methods: We visited four regional spots (Gyeongsangnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, and Chungcheongnam-do) where the self education programs of Korea pork producers were convened. We conducted a questionnaire survey of the general, work-related characteristics and the awareness on zoonoses among 278 pig farmers. Results: The awareness rate of zoonoses itself, brucellosis, tuberculosis and salmonellosis were 52.9%, 85.6%, 87.8%, 89.6%, respectively. The awareness rate of the content related to zoonoses, "Human can be infected by the disease of pig", was 46.9%. Awareness rate of zoonoses tended to increase as the school career, and awareness rate of salmonellosis tended to increase as working duration of pig raising. Conclusions: The pig is the principal reservoir of zoonoses. Therefore, effective working guidelines to prevent zoonoses for pig farmers must be developed and an educational program on zoonoses is needed for pig farmers. Furthermore, publicity activities about the prevention of zoonoses are needed for high-risk groups.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2014

This study was conducted to establish models of filtrating rate and production of feces of a native freshwater bivalve, Anodonta woodiana, on removal organic matters in eutrophic waters. Among the applied shell size (4.3~15.5 cm), the filtrating rate and production of feces of Anodonta woodiana was $0.08{\sim}0.86L\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ (average $0.24L\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$), $0.00{\sim}11.10mg\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ (average $0.94mg\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$), respectively. In two different water current (high $48Lh^{-1}$, low $24Lh^{-1}$), the filtrating rate of Chl-a was $0.02{\sim}0.10L\;g^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ (average $0.05L\;g^{-1}\;d^{-1}$), $0.02{\sim}0.11L\;g^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ (average $0.07L\;g^{-1}\;d^{-1}$) and the removal rate was 65.4%, 82.1%, respectively. Response surface methodology, with a central composite design comprising 3 levels and 2 variables, was used to identify the optimal removal condition of shell length, water current and filtrating rate or feces production by bivalves. The optimum removal conditions were found that had optimized $6.21L\;mussel^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ at shell length 14.3~15.6 and water current $22{\sim}30Lh^{-1}$. The optimal conditions of production of feces ($4.2mg\;g^{-1}\;d^{-1}$) by freshwater mussels were shell length 14.3~16.3 cm and water current $36{\sim}44Lh^{-1}$.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.275-292
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy and quality of life of patients suffering from rheumatic arthritis. The data were collected from 100 rheumatic arthritis patients 1 university hospital, K rheumatic clinic in kwang-ju city for 20 days from March 2 to March 22, 1999, by means of questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were the knowledge scale developed by Kim, the self-efficacy scale developed by Long et al and the quality of life scale developed by Rho. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression by using the SAS program. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The total mean score of knowledge was 15.01(SD${\pm}$3.08), In self-efficacy, the total mean score was 1030.40(SD${\pm}$233.42), In quality of life, the total mean score was 135.19(SD${\pm}$11.07). 2. The relationship between general characteristics and knowledge were significant difference in sex(t=19.03, p=.00), occupation(F=2.34, p=.03), types of exercise (F=2.95, p=.0.3), and time of exercise(F=3.20, p.=02). 3. The relationship between general characteristics and self-efficacy were significant difference in religion(F=2.75, p=.04), in monthly salary(F=3.64, p=.01), in occupation(F=2.30, p=.03), in period of rheumatic arthritis(F=2.70, F=.03), in time of exercise(F=3.77, P=.01), and in effectiveness of exercise (F=4.56, p= .02). 4. The relationship between general characteristics and quality of life were significant difference in age(F=3.36, p=.01), monthly income(F=3.11, p=.02), types of housing(t=4.93, p=.02), arid time of exercise(F=3.03, p=.03). 5. There was not significant correlation between the subjects knowledge and quality of life. 6. There was significant correlation between the self-efficacy and quality of life(r=462, p<.011). 7. The main factor influencing on quality of life was self-efficacy(21.4%).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 1996

This study conducted to determine the attitude on environment pollution by Pohang city citizens. 1,059 Pohang city citizens in the age group 20 and over were chosen and surveyed by officials's interview at Up, Myun and Dong during the period 6 September to 20 September 1995. The issue problems to be solved in Pohang city were traffic control 47.3%, environment pollution 22.7%, cultural institutions 11.6%, water service 9.9%, education system 5.1% and community security 2.1%. The 55.1% of subjects responded that responsibility for environment pollution is every citizens duty. The trash from houses were 'garbage'(48.1%), 'waste of life'(21.8%), 'reuse trash'(15.6%) and 'one use thing'(14.5%) in order. The 66.9% of subjects responded that the trash's standard envelopes can be easily tear and its texture is not good. The respondents sometimes or often had experienced foreign bodies, sediment in the water service supply. The 45.9% of the respondents use natural water as drinking water, and the water service supply(26.7%), underground water(17.0%) and buying water(9.3%) were followed. Pertaining to the air pollution(by percent) was pollution of the steel industry complex 78.0%, combustive gas 16.6% and construction dust 1.7%. The respondents at southern district complained of respiratory tract by air pollution and the respondents at northern district complained of the visual disturbance and the offensive odor(P<0.05). Water pollution problem is factory's wastewater 56.2%, home wastewater 36.4% and livestock's wastewater 5.6% in order. The respondents at southern district complained of the noise pollution by airplanes and factories at the afternoon and the respondents at northern district complained of the noise pollution by vehicles(P<0.05).