• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2012

An upland monitoring was conducted for about 4 years with respect to the water and quality of rainfall-runoff. The objective was to characterize of runoff and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution from a sandy field with 4.5 % in slope under balloonflower (2008-2010) and potato (2011) cultivation. Balloonflower was cultivated without any surface cover but potato was grown under plastic mulching. Runoff rate, EMCs and NPS pollution loads were estimated. The first flush effect was evaluated, and the correlation coefficient among the selected water quality indices were analyzed. Average rainfall size was higher by 2.3 mm when balloonflower was cultivated but average runoff rate was higher by 0.02 when potato was cultivated due to the plastic mulching. EMCs monitored from balloonflower field were higher than potato field except SS and TN, but all NPS pollution loads of potato field were 2.1~22.9 times greater than balloonflower field because of larger runoff volume. As a result of first flush effects, balloonflower and potato field were more influenced by increasing of accumulated rainfall and rainfall intensity rather than first flush. In the result of correlation analysis, there were no evident correlations between runoff and water quality indices. However, there were obvious correlations between SS and the other indices except TN. As a result of this study, it was thought that perennial balloonflower crop could help reduce runoff and NPS pollution loads but annual crop with plastic mulching increase them.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2019

This study analyzed the variability of drought risk based on trend analysis of dry-seasonal dam inflow located in upper river basins. To this, we used areal averaged precipitation and dam inflow of three upper river dams such as Soyang dam, Chungju dam, and Andong dam. We employed Mann-Kendall trend analysis and change point detection method to identify the significant trends and changing point in time series. Our results showed that significant decreasing trends (95% confidence interval) in dry-seasonal runoff rates (= dam inflow/precipitation) in three-dam basins. We investigated potential causes of decreasing runoff rates trends using changes in potential evapotranspiration (PET) and precipitation indices. However, there were no clear relation among changes in runoff rates, PET, and precipitation indices. Runoff rate reduction in the three dams may increase the risk of dam operational management and long-term water resource planning. Therefore, it will be necessary to perform a multilateral analysis to better understand decreasing runoff rates.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1011-1021
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 유역에서의 잠재적인 홍수위험도를 예측하기 위해서 지형도, 토양도, 토지이용도를 조합하여 해석하였다. 유역에서의 표고자료, 토양도자료 및 토지이용자료 등을 활용하여 유출생성지도와 유출누적지도를 작성하였고, 이를 홍수위험지도 작성에 활용하였다. 유출생성지도 작성을 위해 토지이용, 토양두께, 불투수성, 토양침식도, 그리고 지형기복을 유출인자로 고려하였고, 유출누적지도 작성을 위해 토지이용, 경사도, 유출 천이점, 그리고 저지대분석 결과를 이용하였다. 지도 작성을 위해 다기준의사결정법의 하나인 TOPSIS 기법을 적용하였고, 유출생성 및 누적과 관련한 인자들을 평가기준으로, 각 분석지역의 격자들을 대안으로 고려하였다. 제안된 방법론을 낙동강의 감천유역에 적용하였으며, 기존의 홍수위험지도 작성방법과 비교하여 합리적인 범위내에서 잘 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법론은 다양한 홍수위험지도 작성시 가이드라인으로 제시될 수 있으며, 국토계획 수립이나 비상대처계획 수립시 홍수에 대한 위험지역 선정을 위한 사전검토 단계에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2010

A silica mine monitoring was conducted from March to December in 2008 to measure rainfall, runoff amounts and pollution loads. A total of 13 rainfall-runoff events were measured and analyzed with respect to runoff ratio, pollutant concentration and load, and initial flush. Over rainfall-runoff events, 95% confidence range of SS concentration was 942.5~2,056.2 mg/L. Other measured water quality indices also showed relatively large variation. This wide concentration variation was thought to be caused by the bare working ground of the mine that was used to store, process and transport the mined silica. Total pollution load of the 13 rainfall-runoff events was SS 17,901 kg/ha, $COD_{Cr}$ 160.9 kg/ha, $COD_{Mn}$ 111.24 kg/ha, BOD 79.6 kg/ha, T-N 13.8 kg/ha, T-P 3.5 kg/ha, and TOC 39.3 kg/ha. Initial flush was not well observed except SS. Very high SS concentration and load was occurred when rainfall was large. Therefore, it was recommended to manage the bare ground not to discharge excessive pollutants during wet days by covering the ground or constructing runoff treatment systems such as a sediment basin.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.667-681
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 전지구 수문해석도구인 지표수문해석모형을 활용하여 국내 가뭄해석에 적용성을 평가하는데 있다. 이에 댐 상류 유역의 관측유입량 자료를 대상으로 모형의 모의능력을평가하고 남한 전역에 대한 수문성분(유출, 토양수분)을 생산하였다. 격자별 일 단위 유출 및 토양수분자료를 해당기간별 누가 시계열(3, 6, 12개월)로 변환하여 가뭄지수를 생산하였고, 빈도해석에 따른 누가확률값 산정 및 표준화를 통해 SRI 및 SSI를 산정하였다. 산정된 지수의 평가를 위해 국내 과거 가뭄기록사례를 조사하고 기존 가뭄지수인 SPI 및 PDSI를 활용하였다. 본 연구 결과의 평가는 시계열별, 지역별 분석 및 유역별 물수지 분석을 통해 수행되었으며, 주로 가뭄기간동안의 가뭄심도와 가뭄 발생 및 해갈의 재현여부를 평가하였다. 분석결과 SRI 및 SSI 모두 시 공간적으로 과거 기록된 피해기간 및 지역 상황을 잘 반영한 것으로 나타났으며, 가뭄기간 동안의 정량적인 수문정보 생산이 가능하다는 점에서 유역단위 가뭄관리에 유용하게 활용될 것이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.515-515
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• 2022

Climate change is strongly threatening the performance of agricultural reservoirs, which are instrumental in ensuring uninterrupted water supplies for rice cultivation in Korea. In this study, various performance indices were derived and overall sustainability of the 400 agricultural reservoirs was evaluated in the context of climate change trends during 1973-2017. Rice crop evapotranspiration, irrigation water requirements, runoff generation in the upstream watershed, and volumetric evaporation losses were plugged into a water balance model to simulate the reservoir operation during the study period. Resilience, reliability, and vulnerability are the three main indicators of reservoir performance, and these were combined into a single sustainability metric to define the overall system credibility. Historical climate data analysis confirmed that the country is facing a gradual warming shift, particularly in the central and southern agricultural regions. Although annual cumulative rainfall increased over the last 45 years, uneven monthly rainfall distribution during the dry and wet seasons also exacerbated the severity and frequency of droughts/floods. For approximately 85% of the selected reservoirs, the sustainability ranged between 0.35 to 0.77, and this range narrowed sharply with time, particularly for the reservoirs located in the western and southern coast regions. The study outcomes could help in developing the acceptable ranges of the performance indices and implementing appropriate policy and technical interventions for improving the sustainability of reservoirs with unacceptable ranges of the performance indices.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권4B호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2008

양양 산불 피해 지역 당해년도의 극심한 지표 변화에 따른 지표유출 및 토양침식을 분석하기 위해 산불 산지사면에 10개의 소규모 조사구를 설치하여, 지형, 토양, 식생, 강우사상별 유출 및 토양침식량을 측정하였다. 조사는 총 15개 단일강우사상을 기준하여 이루어졌다. 산불이후 식생회복이 빠른 지역과 그렇지 않은 사면의 유출 및 토양침식량은 매우 큰 차이를 보였다. 식생회복이 빠른 조사구들은 대조구보다 약 2배 많은 평균 유출량 및 토양침식량을 나타냈으나, 나지상태 조사구들에서는 대조구의 약 10배 이내의 유출 및 토양침식이 발생되었다. 지표유출 및 토양침식에 대한 주요 인자들과의 상관분석에 의하면 강우인자 및 식생인자는 유출과 토양침식에 상당한 영향을 미쳤다. 유출 및 토양침식 민감도는 식생지수들과 높은 상관성을 보였다. 산불에 의해 교란된 지표식생이 시간이 경과함에 따라 회복되고, 산불초기에 다량의 토사유출이 발생된 이후 사면 토양의 안정화에 따라 전반적으로 유출 및 토양침식량이 감소하였다. 그러나 식생회복이 안되거나, 식생회복이 더딘 지역은 지속적으로 유출 및 토양침식이 발생하기 때문에 산불 지역별로 차별화된 대응전략 수립이 필요하다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.572-579
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• 2011

We have examined the runoff characteristics of nonpoint source (NPS) in fields. Two monitoring sites were equipped with an automatic velocity meter and water sampler. Monitoring was conducted at fields 1 and field 2 during the rainfall event. Ten rainfall-runoff events were monitored and analyzed during the study period. The results show that runoff occurred if daily rainfall and intensity were higher than 40 mm and 1.6 mm/hr except a few extreme rainfall events with very high intensity. Runoff of field 1 was approximately twice of that of field 2. Event mean concentrations (EMC) and pollution load of analyzed water quality indices were also higher in field 2 than in field 1. Especially, TN load from field 2 was $75.4 mg/m^2$ and was about 5 times higher than that from field 1. Analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient of water quality parameter indicates that besides of TN all items in fields 1 have tight relationship respectively (p < 0.01). But those of fields 2 have a significant (p < 0.05). Estimating units loading of NPS, we suggested that variable such as soil texture, rainfall amount and intensity and slope were needed to be considered from agricultural landuses. The results of this study can be used as a basic data in the development and implementation of total maximum daily loads (TMDL) in Korea.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2007

Stream flow and water quality were measured and analyzed with respect to flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMCs) of 21 rainfall events from a forested watershed (Forest Research Watershed: FRW) and two mixed watersheds of agriculture and forest (YuPo-Ri Watershed: YPW and WolGog-ri Watershed: WGW) located in the middle of the North Han River basin. The monitoring of each watershed was one year and conducted between 2004 and 2006. YPW showed more intensive agricultural practices than WGW where traditional practices were common. The average of the 21 FWMCs were in the order of YPF>WGW>FRW and were significantly different from each other at the level of 0.05. It was shown that the land use with intensive agricultural practices produced and discharged more NPS pollutants than that with traditional practices and forest. Specially, SS concentrations from the mixed watersheds were significantly higher than those from FRW. Influencing factors on runoff were analyzed rainfall and watershed area. And rainfall intensity was greater impact on runoff than daily rainfall. Measured water quality indices were shown positive correlations among them in general. However, no significant correlation was shown between COD and nutrients(T-N and T-P).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.682-688
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• 2009

A plane field and a sloped field located at low-land plane and alpine areas, respectively, were monitored with respect to runoff, water quality and fertilizer uses from March to December, 2008. Runoff volume and Non-Point Source (NPS) loads were estimated and analyzed with respect to fertilizer uses. Total TN and TP loads from the sloped field were higher than those from plane field because of larger chemical uses in the alpine field than in the plane field. Organic matter load from plane field was higher than that from sloped field because more organic compost was applied to plane field than to sloped field. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) of measured water quality indices were relatively higher in both fields. Organic matter load per 1 mm rainfall were higher in plane field and TN and TP loads per 1 mm rainfall were higher in sloped field than those in respective comparing field. It was concluded that the type and application method of fertilizer could play an important role in the estimation of NPS pollution loads and the development of Best Management Practices (BMPs). However, it was recommended that long-term monitoring is necessary to better describe the relationship between fertilizer uses and water quality from agricultural fields because numerous natural and management factors other than fertilizer also affect runoff quality.