• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

The study makes an attempt to investigate the causal nexus between carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population with an evidence from Rwanda by employing a time series data spanning from 1965 to 2011 using the autoregressive distributed lag model. Evidence from the study shows that carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population are co-integrated and have a long-run equilibrium relationship. Evidence from the Granger-causality shows a unidirectional causality running from industrialization to GDP per capita, population to carbon dioxide emissions, population to GDP per capita and population to industrialization. Evidence from the long-run elasticities has policy implications for Rwanda; a 1% increase in GDP per capita will decrease carbon dioxide emissions by 1.45%, while a 1% increase in industrialization will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 1.64% in the long-run. Increasing economic growth in Rwanda will therefore reduce environmental pollution in the long-run which appears to support the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. However, industrialization leads to more emissions of carbon dioxide, which reduces environment, health and air quality. It is noteworthy that the Rwandan Government promotes sustainable industrialization, which improves the use of clean and environmentally sound raw materials, industrial process and technologies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.731-740
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• 2021

This research aims to investigate the determinants of real effective exchange rate in emerging ASEAN countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The research was conducted by using quarterly time series data set from 1980Q1 to 2020Q3. Cointegration and the error correction model (ECM) methods were applied to test the long run and short run relationship of the real effective exchange rate and its determinants. The results indicate that the ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP and the government spending have significantly positive impact on real effective exchange rate in the Emerging ASEAN countries. The trade opening had influencing real effective exchange rate in most the Emerging ASEAN countries, except Vietnam. In addition, the international reserve (INR) had significant long-run impacts variables on real effective exchange rate in Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. In the short run equilibrium, the error collection term suggest that Indonesia and Malaysia are the fastest speed adjustment to equilibrium. In addition, the term of trade influence the real effective exchange rate in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines but it is not in Thailand and Vietnam. However, FDI is a major factor of the real effective exchange rate in Vietnam, but not for other countries.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Recently, as various IP set-top boxes based on Android OS have been widely used in general households and public facilities, complaints about services and set-top boxes have continued to increase as much as other smart devices. In order to reduce this problem, the manufacturer performs the testing work before the product is commercialized. However, the testing can reduce potential defects in the product, but it can not prove that the product is free of defects. Therefore, the quality of the product can vary depending on how effective testing techniques are introduced. In this paper, we propose a new exploratory testing method that minimizes test case creation time and makes it easier to plan and execute test while simultaneously learning how to run the product under test. Using the first proposed method, the test time is reduced by about 16.7 hours and the defect detection rate is 25.4% higher than the formal specification-based testing method. Informally, the test time was shortened by about 4.7 hours and the defect detection rate was 13% higher than the informal experience-based testing method.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

HLA (High Level Architecture) is the object, time, and interface standard that proposed for distribution simulation in the US Department of Defense. The HLA is defined by three components: Rules, the HLA Interface Specification, and the Object Model Template (OMT). The RTI (Run-Time Infrastructure) software implements the interface specification. It provides services to simulation applications. To test whether a RTI software is suitable for the standard and all service was implemented is performed through two phases of processes proposed by DMSO. In this paper, we implement Level One Test Procedures of DMSO and apply to NetCust's RTI software. The experimental results are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 1994

A new method for approximating the average run length (ARL) of cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart is proposed. This method uses the conditional expectation for the test statistic before the stopping time and its asymptotic conditional density function. The values obtained by this method are compared with some other methods in normal and exponential case.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.740-746
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• 2003

In winter season the driving test of the KTX showed the excessive vibration in the tail cars. In this paper, the measured KTX vibration data during test run is analyzed in time and frequency domain. And the numerical simulations using ANSYS and ADAMS are done on the basis of the experimental observations. The results show that 0.6Hz of the tail car motion is due to the natural mode of car combination of the KTX.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 2019

Over the last few decades, the atmospheric carbon dioxide emission has been amplified to a great extent in Turkey. This amplification may cause global warming, climate change and environmental degradation in Turkey. Consequently, ecological condition and human life may suffer in the near future from these indicated threats. Therefore, an attempt was made to test the relationship among a number of expected factors and carbon dioxide emissions in the case of Turkey. The study covers the time series data over the period of 1970-2017. We employed the modern econometric techniques such as Johansen co-integration, ARDL bound testing approach and the block exogeneity. The results of the Johansen co-integration test show that there is a significant long-run relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and expected factors. The long-run elasticities of the ARDL model show that a 1% increase in the GDP per capita, electric consumption, fiscal development and trade openness will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.14, 0.52, 0.09 and 0.20% respectively. Further, our findings reveal that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth prevails. Therefore, the EKC hypothesis is valid and prevailing in the Turkish economy. The diagnostic test results show that the parameters of the ARDL model are credible, sTable and reliable in the current form. Finally, Block exogeneity analysis displays that all the expected factors are contributing significantly to carbon dioxide emissions in the Turkish economy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2021

The stock markets in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries are the leading emerging markets globally. Therefore, it is pertinent to ascertain the critical drivers of stock market development in these economies. The currrent study empirically investigates to identify the linkages between stock market development, key macro-economic factors and institutional factors in the BRICS economies. The study covers the time period from 2000 to 2017. The dependent variable is the country's stock market development and the independent variables consist of six macroeconomic variables and five institutional variables. The study employs a panel cointegration test, Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach and a heterogeneous panel non-causality test.The findings of the study indicate co-integration among the selected variables across the BRICS stock markets. Long-run estimations reveal that five macroeconomic variables and four variables related to institutional quality are positive and statistically significant. Further, short-run causalities between stock market capitalization and selected variables are detected through the test of non-causality in a heterogeneous panel setting. The findings suggest that policymakers in the BRICS countries should enhance robust macroeconomic conditions to support their financial markets and should strengthen the institutional quality drivers to stimulate the pace of stock market development in their countries.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 1995

This study was carried out to suggest the best statistical test to analyze the trend in monthly water quality data. Traditional parametric tests such as t-test and regression analysis are based on the assumption that the underlying population has a normal distribution and regression analysis additionally assumes that residual errors are independent. Analyzing 9-years monthly COD data collected at Paldang in Han River, the underlying population was found to be neither normal nor independent. Therefore parametric tests are invalid for trend detection. Four Kinds of nonparametric statistical tests, such as Run Test, Daniel test, Mann-Kendall test, and Time Series Residual Analysis were applied to analyze the trend in the COD data, Daniel test and Mann-Kendall test indicated upward trend in COD data. The best nonparametric test was suggested to be Daniel test, which is simple in computation and easy to understand the intuitive meaning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

A high-speed railway system represents a typical example of large-scale multi-disciplinary system, consisting of subsystems such as rolling-stock, electrical hardware, electronics, control, information, communication, civil technology etc. The system design and acquisition data of the large-scale system must be the subject under strict configuration control and management. Systems engineering technology development project for Korea next generation High-speed Electric Multiple Unit (HEMU) system in progress is a national large system development project that is not only a large-size and complex but also multi-disciplinary in nature. Therefore, all stakeholders must understand and share the functional and performance requirements of HEMU throughout its life-cycle phases. Also in the test and evaluation phase, all systems requirements must be verified. In 2011, the prototype train manufacturing will be completed. It will do test run on the commercial line and all systems requirements are verified until 2012. For the system verification, the test and evaluation process have to be established before the test trial run. Using a systems engineering tool, the system design database(SDD) with requirements traceability and development process management in the course of the development have to be established. This paper represents the test and evaluation process development based on the SEMP(Systems Engineering Management Plan) developed in the design stage. The test and evaluation process is refined and updated in comparison to the design stage one. The test and evaluation process consists of procedure, test and evaluation method and schedule. So through this process, it is defined that each systems requirements is verified on which test and about what time.